Page 1
1 Monday, 22 July 2002
2 [Open session]
3 [Sentencing proceedings]
4 [The accused entered court]
5 --- Upon commencing at 9.05 a.m.
6 JUDGE MUMBA: Good morning. Please call the case.
7 THE REGISTRAR: Good morning, Your Honours. Case number
8 IT-95-9/2-S, the Prosecutor versus Milan Simic. Thank you.
9 JUDGE MUMBA: These proceedings are in open session and consequent
10 to that, the Trial Chamber has lifted the confidentiality on all the
11 filings for this sentencing hearing, including the hearing during the plea
12 that was taken. The only document that will remain confidential is the
13 plea agreement between the parties. I notice that the accused, Milan
14 Simic, is in the courtroom. We can start.
15 Mr. Zecevic? The Trial Chamber was informed about the change --
16 the possible two witnesses that are now informal -- the evidence will now
17 come in the form of affidavits; is that correct?
18 MS. BAEN: Your Honour, it's correct that we are going to offer
19 one of the witness's testimony through affidavit. The other affidavit was
20 objectionable to the Prosecution so we are going to withdraw that, and to
21 try to save time, we have other character witnesses.
22 JUDGE MUMBA: So which one is being withdrawn since it hasn't been
23 filed -- so you've agreed with the Prosecution that that is withdrawn?
24 MS. BAEN: Yes, Your Honour. So at this time we just want to
25 offer into evidence the one affidavit that there is no objection to, which
Page 2
1 is the wife of the defendant.
2 JUDGE MUMBA: What's her name?
3 MS. BAEN: Ruzica Jankovic.
4 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. The Prosecution, is that agreed?
5 MR. DI FAZIO: Yes.
6 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes.
7 MS. BAEN: Copies have already been given to the registry,
8 Your Honour, for that document.
9 JUDGE MUMBA: I see. Can we have the copies, please?
10 Can we have the number, please?
11 THE REGISTRAR: Yes, Your Honours. It will be D43/2 and
12 D43/2 ter. Thank you.
13 JUDGE MUMBA: Very well. Yes?
14 MS. BAEN: The only other thing, Your Honour, is the Defence will
15 be mentioning in our argument a couple of articles from the Criminal Code
16 of the former SFRY. We found these articles over the weekend but they are
17 only -- they are not translated into English. So I don't know that it
18 will require to even offer those into evidence, but we did, as a matter of
19 courtesy to everyone, offer a copy of Articles 42 and 43 of the
20 Criminal Code of the former SFRY.
21 JUDGE MUMBA: Thank you.
22 MR. DI FAZIO: If Your Honours please?
23 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, Mr. Di Fazio?
24 MR. DI FAZIO: You'll see from the Prosecution's sentencing brief
25 that we also refer to the Criminal Code of the former Yugoslavia. I've
Page 3
1 got a whole copy in English --
2 JUDGE MUMBA: Oh, yes.
3 MR. DI FAZIO: -- of that. Would you like copies made of that
4 document?
5 JUDGE MUMBA: In English?
6 MR. DI FAZIO: Yes.
7 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. It contains the same clauses? Is it the same
8 document?
9 MR. DI FAZIO: I assume so.
10 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes we would like to have copies in English.
11 MR. DI FAZIO: Thank you. I'll make arrangements for them to be
12 photocopied now and they will be available shortly.
13 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. Thank you very much.
14 MR. DI FAZIO: Thank you.
15 MR. ZECEVIC: If I may, Your Honours, just concerning this, it
16 came to my attention because there is a translation in the library of
17 the -- of this Tribunal of the Criminal Code.
18 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, I was thinking about that at the back of my
19 mind that we've had this before.
20 MR. ZECEVIC: Yes, Your Honour, but unfortunately the translation
21 is not an accurate one.
22 JUDGE MUMBA: The one in the library?
23 MR. ZECEVIC: Yes. The one in the library is not an accurate one.
24 I don't know which translation is the Prosecutor is going to offer, but I
25 would like to check it out before it's tendered into the evidence or given
Page 4
1 to the Trial Chamber, because the problem with the translation is that it
2 is a very significant one; namely, the translation in the library is
3 completely wrong, gives a completely wrong impression, because in this
4 Article it says, if the minimum sentence is three or more years. So if
5 the minimum sentence prescribed by the law is three or more years. And in
6 the translation, which is the -- in the library, it has no -- it doesn't
7 mention "or more years" at all. It just says three years.
8 So this is a very significant mistake in the translation,
9 Your Honours. And therefore, I have provided the copies of the same
10 document, highlighted the portions, which the translators can translate.
11 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, I was thinking about that, that if you have
12 given it to the interpreters.
13 MR. ZECEVIC: Yes, yes, yes by all means. Yes, everything was
14 given to the interpreters as well.
15 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, thank you.
16 MR. ZECEVIC: Thank you, Your Honour.
17 [Trial Chamber confers]
18 JUDGE MUMBA: I think the Prosecution can go ahead with their
19 submissions. Yes, Ms. Baen?
20 MS. BAEN: Thank you, Your Honour.
21 My understanding is the Prosecution is only going to argue, they
22 are not going to provide -- not going to presents any evidence today and
23 that was my understanding, and the only further thing the Defence had was
24 the defendant planned to make a statement under Rule 84 bis to the
25 Trial Chamber, a very short statement.
Page 5
1 JUDGE MUMBA: Right now?
2 MS. BAEN: Before we argue, Your Honour, yes, definitely.
3 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. So we'll start with the Prosecution and
4 thereafter, the Defence.
5 MR. DI FAZIO: Thank you. If Your Honours please, there are a
6 number of issues that the Prosecution considers of particular importance
7 in this case, and I will address them towards the end of my submissions.
8 There are a number of other issues, however, that we feel should be set
9 straight and I'd like to deal with those first, if I may.
10 First of all is the issue of the period of time that should be
11 taken into account for time held in custody. There is a submission that
12 the -- from the Defence that the period of time spent whilst on
13 provisional release should somehow be taken into account or used in the
14 calculation of time spent in custody. And in the Prosecution's
15 submission, that is completely misguided and completely wrong. The
16 submission of the Defence is to be found at paragraphs 56 and 57 and that
17 Rule 101(C) should be interpreted as equating detained in custody with
18 provisional release. It is that submission that the Prosecution finds
19 unacceptable and unsustainable.
20 The first issue that needs to be addressed on that is whether, in
21 fact, he was under anything like house arrest while he was provisionally
22 released. That is, as a matter of fact, in the Prosecution's submission
23 not true. Indeed, Defence prosecutors saw him in Bosanski Samac drinking
24 coffee during the period of time of his provisional release in a square in
25 the town. That is anything but house arrest. But in any event, there is
Page 6
1 nothing in the provisional -- in the conditions of his provisional release
2 that required him to be under any sort of house arrest. There is nothing
3 that expressly said so.
4 The orders for provisional release in this particular case contain
5 conditions of his release. They are completely consistent with the usual
6 national provisions of bail that you find in most common law countries,
7 and in some civil law countries, they are referred to as provisional
8 liberty.
9 There were certainly no conditions in that that forced him to
10 remain in his house at all.
11 The Prosecution did not oppose his release provisionally in 1998
12 because principally because of the defendant's medical condition. But at
13 the time, there was no suggestion by the Defence or by the Prosecution or
14 by the Trial Chamber that that particular period of incarceration would in
15 any way be viewed as a form of provisional release. Rule 101(C) says that
16 credit has to be given to a convicted person for the period of time in
17 which they are detained in custody pending surrender to the Tribunal.
18 That's the wording of the Rule, and it is it the Prosecution's submission
19 that if provisional release were to be equated with -- or were to give
20 rise to time running, then the provisions of Rule 101(C) would have
21 expressly said that, and made it clear, and made is simple, but it
22 doesn't. So because of that, it's stretching the interpretation of Rule
23 101(C) way beyond its breaking point. It would have been a matter of
24 simplicity to simply include those particular words. The order of the
25 Court expressly contemplates that. He was released from custody. The
Page 7
1 terminology of the order was that he shall be immediately detained should
2 he breach any of the foregoing terms and conditions. And that obviously
3 contemplates a distinction in the mind of the Trial Chamber between
4 detention and provisional release.
5 In the Prosecution's submission, the analogy to the Italian
6 legislation is of little assistance or use to you and the matter is simply
7 settled by the plain wording of Rule 101(C) and that's the end of the
8 matter. The Prosecution case firmly is that you cannot give him credit
9 for any time that he has spent whilst on provisional release.
10 Those are the submissions that we have on that particular matter.
11 The other matter that I wanted to address you upon is his medical
12 condition and the medical report. The Prosecution has had an opportunity
13 of reading the medical report and there is nothing in it that is
14 particularly contentious, as far as the Prosecution is concerned, and of
15 course, it's the -- the Prosecution has not sought for there to have been
16 any other independent medical examination. Comment is made in the medical
17 report that the physical and mental status of the defendant has declined
18 during the trial and his detention. It is submitted that if the stresses
19 of being in trial and being in detention have taken a toll upon the
20 defendant, then that burden should be lightened post-sentencing and it's a
21 matter that the Prosecution asks you to take into account. It is a matter
22 of, I suggest, notorious common knowledge that prisoners settle down once
23 they have received a sentence. And in the Prosecution's submission, the
24 anxiety and worry of not knowing what his fate is to be will, to a certain
25 extent, in any event, disappear once he has been sentenced and once that
Page 8
1 matter has been fixed and once he has a goal to look forward to. So in
2 the Prosecution's submission, that is a matter that you should take into
3 account and bear in mind when you consider his medical condition.
4 Comment is made in the medical report that his life expectancy has
5 been significantly lowered, and that stems, as far as I read the report,
6 and I believe it's at page 15 of the medical report, I'm not going to
7 refer to it but you'll find it at about page 15. The report quotes
8 that -- sorry, let me rephrase that. The report makes clear that the life
9 expectancy of a paraplegic person is dramatically affected by that
10 condition and it's lower than that of the general population. Now that
11 condition exists notwithstanding the -- Mr. Simic's period of time in
12 custody.
13 The report goes on, and I quote, "The degree to which this
14 occurs," that is the lowering of life expectancy, "May be influenced by
15 further exhaustion of the life-coping mechanisms characteristic of
16 conditions in confinement." It may be that the Defence will direct to you
17 that and ask to you take that into account in fixing sentence. The
18 problem with that is that if they do, there is no assessment in the
19 medical report itself of the degree to which his life expectancy may be
20 affected by incarceration, if at all. And it also fails to take into
21 account the actual conditions in the prison where he serves his sentence,
22 where he eventually comes to serve his sentence.
23 So there are two unknowns that you have and given that the report
24 is emphatic that life expectancy is diminished by paraplegia, and given
25 that they haven't made any assessment of the degree to which that may be
Page 9
1 exacerbated by the period of time in custody, it's not a matter that you
2 can give much weight to because you just don't know. So there are the two
3 major points that I wanted to make from his medical report.
4 The -- another submission that the Prosecution wishes to deal with
5 initially, as part of its initial submissions, is the submission made in
6 the Defence -- in the Defence sentencing brief that there was a fear of
7 retaliation by the defendant as a result of his having offered what the
8 Prosecution refers to as his decent treatment extended to Perica Misic and
9 Hasan Bicic.
10 That is a matter that, in the Prosecution's submission, you ought
11 to give no weight to. It flies in the face of common sense and the
12 reality of the case. He was obviously a man -- Mr. Simic was obviously a
13 man who held high office and a man of influence in Bosanski Samac. It's
14 clear that he was able to gain access to the prison on several occasions,
15 at least three on the Prosecution's submission --
16 THE INTERPRETER: Could the counsel please come closer to the
17 microphone?
18 MR. DI FAZIO: At least three occasions on the Prosecution's
19 submission, the night of the attack on the first group of victims,
20 count 4; the return, when those two men who I've mentioned were taken out;
21 and then on the third occasion, the Prosecution argues in the case of
22 Witness N. So he was able to go in and out with impunity in the
23 Prosecution's submission.
24 If you accept that he did have that sort of influence and sort of
25 power, then it is not something that you could seriously take into
Page 10
1 account; namely, that he had a real fear of retaliation.
2 If indeed he wanted to protect -- if indeed the fear of
3 retaliation was not just against himself but also against the two other
4 men, then it doesn't make sense for him to have provided them with the
5 cigarettes. You recall that he give them a packet of a large stick of
6 cigarettes for them to distribute amongst their fellows in the jail.
7 When interviewed by the offices of the OTP, and the interview is
8 attached it to our sentencing brief, you'll find this at page 7, he made
9 no mention of any fear or retaliation that he was concerned about. When
10 asked -- when commenting upon the taking of Hasan Bicic to his home so
11 that he might get his clothes, change his clothes and so on, he merely
12 said that he just asked him to do it quickly. There is nothing in, as far
13 as my reading of the interview is concerned, that raises any issue of a
14 fear of retaliation.
15 Another matter that I raise as a preliminary is the weight that
16 you can attach to the references that have been provided, the various
17 witness testimonies that you have, the statements that you have, by the
18 Defence. The comment that needs to be made about all of them, each and
19 every one of them, and this is common to all of them, is that not one of
20 them mentions any knowledge of, any acquaintance with the facts of this
21 case or what Milan Simic did to these men on those -- what the Prosecution
22 says are two quite separate and distinct occasions.
23 None of them comment upon the threats to sever a man's penis, none
24 of them comment upon the swaggering style of the defendant as he walked in
25 and announced he was the President and a Serb minister, none of them
Page 11
1 comment upon the chorus of cries to cut off the penis of one of the
2 witnesses. None of them go into those details at all. None of them
3 comment upon the background material that Milan Simic has admitted to,
4 namely the widespread and systematic attack upon the non-Serb population.
5 On the contrary, they paint a picture of a total lack of any
6 discrimination towards non-Serbs in Bosanski Samac. So that's a serious
7 failing in those witness references, a very serious failing, and one that
8 you should strongly bear in mind when you come to consider that character
9 evidence, if indeed it be that.
10 It is submitted that the appropriate way for character references
11 to be made, and for you to -- to enable you to give them full and proper
12 weight is for the person who is providing a testimonial to say, look, I
13 know what he's done, I understand what he's done, I've acquainted myself
14 with what he's done. I say it's out of character because of this, this
15 and whatever other reason.
16 So they are matters that you should bear in mind.
17 Let me take you through some examples. Exhibit E,
18 Sabahudin Hasanovic, a student friend of the defendant since his secondary
19 school days. He comments on the friendship between the defendant and
20 Dusan Mijanic who is the man who the Defence say was killed and who
21 sparked off at least the first attack. He says that during the war, Milan
22 Simic did not change his attitude towards people of any nationality. That
23 would be something that the prisoners in the gym would find very difficult
24 to accept.
25 Exhibit F, Ivka Markovic, a Croatian lady, she claims that people
Page 12
1 of all nationality were leaving Bosanski Samac. There is a curious lack
2 of explanation in her statement how it is that non-Serbs were being driven
3 out by the inhumane treatment, including deportation, through force, and
4 that's part of the agreement that Milan Simic has entered into.
5 She also, if Your Honours please, describes Milan Simic sobbing
6 like a child when his friend Dusan Mijanic was killed. Now, the
7 Prosecution suggests or submits that you should not give that any weight
8 at all. You should ignore it. It's not because the Prosecution is keen
9 to attack that particular conclusion, but because it will make it very
10 difficult for to you assess how to deal with it. You don't know if, from
11 reading the exhibit, Exhibit F, whether she was -- whether or not that
12 particular episode took place on the day of the attack on the first group
13 of men, count 4, in which case the Defence might be in a better position
14 to say, "Well, this was a reaction caused by his distraught condition,
15 even though the Prosecution would submit that that would be -- would carry
16 little weight, even if they were in a position to make that submission.
17 But secondly, it may be that there is no link between that particular
18 episode when the friend was killed and the attack. There might be days
19 and days separating the two episodes, and you can't assess that from
20 looking at Exhibit F. So the Prosecution submits that you shouldn't take
21 that into account in considering the -- considering these references.
22 I don't think I need to take you through the rest of the notes
23 that I've made regarding these references, but I ask to you bear in mind
24 that when you do come to read them, that they consistently fail to take
25 into account the facts that the defendant has accepted by his plea of
Page 13
1 guilty and that form the basis of the plea agreement. And so therefore,
2 you should attach little particular -- little weight to them.
3 Can I now it turn to the Prosecution submissions that are of
4 particular importance to the Prosecution?
5 The first matter that I want to raise with you is the whole idea,
6 whole notion, that counts 4 and 7 constitute the one criminal episode.
7 Paragraph 21 of the sentencing -- of the Defence sentencing brief deals
8 with this topic, and essentially, as I've said, the submission is that
9 it's all the one course of conduct. It's all the one transaction which
10 constitutes count 4 and count 7. The first thing that you have to
11 remember is that that Defence submission is entirely reliant on the
12 evidence of Hasan Bicic. Without his evidence, there is no -- there is no
13 possibility of the Defence being able to make that submission. And I say
14 at the outset that as far as this sort of matter is concerned, the
15 Prosecution accepts that mitigating factors asserted by the Defence must
16 be proved on the balance of probabilities, whereas aggravating factors
17 must be proved beyond reasonable doubt.
18 Now, the evidence of Hasan Bicic, the sole witness who can sustain
19 this Defence, sorry, this assertion that this is the one transaction, the
20 one course of conduct, split into two attacks, you will be able to find at
21 pages 2737 to 2738. It's I think worthwhile for me to read it to you so
22 that you just remember. It's only a small passage.
23 It's question -- answer, sorry, "It's difficult for me to say
24 exactly, but I think it went on for about 20 minutes."
25 THE INTERPRETER: Could the counsel please slow down when reading.
Page 14
1 MR. DI FAZIO:
2 A. It's difficult for me to say exactly but I think it went on
3 for about 20 mains. That's my approximation. That's the
4 duration of the tack.
5 Q. Thank you. And after this 20 minutes, what happened to you
6 then?
7 A. I've already said that as far as I was concerned, the peak was
8 reached when this shot was fired above my head, and after
9 that we were ordered to go back to our places. Other
10 people were taken out. What happened to them, I don't know.
11 All I know is that I heard them beating others too. That is
12 to say, I deduced this from the screams and groans. I
13 realised that they were beating other prisoners.
14 Q. You say other people were being taken out. Can you recall now
15 if any -- if you remember any of the names or if you know who
16 else might have gone out?
17 A. I've already mentioned some names. I think that afterwards
18 they took several, at least several prisoners out. And I
19 think that one of them was most certainly (redacted),
20 (redacted).
21 That's the basis on which the Defence submit to you these two
22 things happened on the one night.
23 The Prosecution's submission is that when you read that portion of
24 evidence, it's not an emphatic statement by Hasan Bicic. He thinks some
25 other prisoners were taken out. He says that other people were taken out,
Page 15
1 but he doesn't know the details of what happened to them. He also doesn't
2 mention any gun shots being fired and you that Wintess N mentioned a shot
3 being fired over his head.
4 Now, that was not a completely infrequent episode in the prisons.
5 You've heard evidence of guns being fired from time to time but still it
6 was an exceptional sort of event, and if indeed witness N had been taken
7 out on the same night, then the group of men who were the victims in
8 count 4 would have heard a shot being fired over their heads -- his head,
9 including Hasan Bicic, but he makes no mention of that. Importantly,
10 Hasan Bicic says that several prisoners were taken out and one of them was
11 most certainly (redacted), several prisoners.
12 Now this is significant because Witness N said that he was the
13 sole victim of the attack. He was not part of a group when he was taken
14 out and attacked, and so that just simply doesn't fit in with the evidence
15 of Witness N. So to sum up that point, Hasan Bicic says
16 (redacted)was taken out with a group. Witness N says that that
17 man was not taken out with a group, he was taken out alone, and that's
18 absolutely clear in his evidence. So one of them is wrong, one of them
19 has to be wrong, one of them has made a mistake. In the Prosecution's
20 submission it is Hasan Bicic who has made a mistake about that portion of
21 the evidence, about those facts.
22 Defence counsel took some care to cross-examine Hasan Bicic on
23 this particular point. Ms. Baen, who was cross-examining this witness,
24 put to him his previous statement that he had made, and you will find this
25 portion of the evidence that I'm referring to at pages 2809 to 2811.
Page 16
1 Q. Thank you. Now, today, earlier today, you were asked a
2 question by Ms. Reidy. She asked you after an encounter with
3 Milan if you saw any other people who had been beaten. And
4 you mentioned the name of (redacted). Isn't that
5 correct?
6 A. I think so, yes.
7 Then Ms. Baen put this part of the statement to Hasan Bicic. I
8 quote now from the evidence. This is Ms. Baen reading out the previous
9 statement made by Hasan Bicic, his previous witness statement:
10 One night a group of Chetniks rushed into our detention room and
11 started beating us. After a while, they started calling out names.
12 Together with me, my brother Muhamed, Ibrahim Salkic, Perica Misic, and
13 others were called out. When we entered the corridor, which led from the
14 gymnasium to the changing room, we met Milan Simic. He was drunk and
15 almost crying when he addressed me. He was one of my friends and also my
16 school mate from before the war. He started to an accuse me and told me
17 that the Muslims had killed one of his best friends and roommate of his
18 studying days, his name was Smiljanic [sic].
19 After that they started beating us. They beat us so severely that
20 I cannot say who was beating me. They used all kinds of equipment to beat
21 us. At one point, we were lined up and Milan Simic beat us in the
22 genitals. His men were laughing and said that we would not be able to
23 make children any more. Milan Simic also pointed his Scorpion at me and
24 shot a bullet just above my head.
25 Q. Mr. Bicic, in reading along with the Bosnian version is
Page 17
1 what I just read an accurate translation of your
2 statement?
3 A. Yes,
4 Q. And these two paragraphs constitute your entire account of
5 Milan Simic's first visit to the --
6 THE INTERPRETER: Could counsel please slow down?
7 MR. DI FAZIO:
8 Q. And these two paragraphs constitute your entire account of
9 Milan Simic's first visit to the primary school, correct?
10 A. Yes, that was it.
11 Q. Isn't it correct, yes or no, no where in those two paragraphs
12 is the same (redacted) ever mentioned?
13 A. Not in this translation.
14 So Defence counsel were at pains to point out that in a previous
15 statement he had not mentioned (redacted) being taken out and
16 being beaten. And that is the situation in which the Defence now find
17 themselves wanting to -- wanting you to accept that the evidence of
18 Hasan Bicic is reliable in that respect. At the very least, that portion
19 of the evidence indicates that he failed to make any mention of the attack
20 on (redacted).
21 You must, however, also look at the position of the other
22 witnesses on this question of whether or not you're dealing with two
23 attacks on the one night, the one course of conduct, or separate, separate
24 attacks, separate incidents. And of course, the Chamber well knows why
25 and understands well why the Prosecution is keen to make this submission.
Page 18
1 Muhamed Bicic deals with the whole topic of the attack in his
2 evidence, and you can see it generally at pages -- page 2992. He is
3 really very clear about the matter. He clearly describes the attack on
4 his group ending and simply being taken back into the gym and his
5 assailants leaving. And you will see this at page 2999 of the evidence.
6 I don't need to quote it, but it's -- you can just read that
7 portion, Your Honours, for yourselves and you will see that he is quite
8 clear. There was no attempt in cross-examination to establish that there
9 were any separate attacks or indeed whether they took place on the -- in
10 the same night. If you read his cross-examination, no where does he say
11 that the attack upon him and the group of men that he was with was
12 followed by an attack on another -- on another man or another group of
13 victims. So if you accept his evidence, then Hasan Bicic must be wrong,
14 must have got the matter -- must have been mistaken about it and you're
15 dealing with two separate episodes.
16 The position of Ibrahim Salkic, who was a victim in the first
17 group, is also very, very clear. He says that another man was also
18 attacked on the night that he and the main group, the victims in count 4,
19 suffered their attack. He says that a gentleman named Gibic, a Mr. Gibic,
20 was also attacked but he was only briefly attacked and bundled back into
21 the gym, in fact, by Mr. Simic. And it was not a significant feature of
22 the attack in general. And you'll find his -- the evidence on this at
23 pages 3358 and again in cross-examination, at 3501 to 3502.
24 Mr. Salkic is absolutely clear that Milan Simic and his attackers
25 left immediately following the episode of torture that forms the basis of
Page 19
1 count 4. He was being examined by Defence -- by Prosecution counsel.
2 Q. Did anyone use any of their weapons?
3 A. Yes, as I said they were about to leave. They were by the
4 entrance. I forgot that. When your memory comes back, when
5 you start talking about it, otherwise you tend to forget some
6 details. Mr. Simic was standing there and behind him was a
7 man with some weapons, they fired above Perica's and Hasan's
8 heads and then we thought that perhaps that was the end of
9 them. However, given all of this, you didn't really dare to
10 turn around and look around a lot because you were wondering
11 what would happen to you and maybe you would go through the
12 same thing. However, they went out. They went out when
13 Mr. Simic told them to. We turned around and we looked at
14 these two men and realised that they were alive. We were
15 particularly pleased to see Hasan standing there and that
16 nothing was wrong with him. Muhamed was the first to ask, "Is
17 anybody wounded? Hasan, are you wounded? No. Perica, are
18 you wounded? No, no. Oh, good, good." He was trying to
19 say, "Good. It's all over." So after that, we were returned
20 to the gym because we were ordered to sing again for the Serb
21 minister until the morning. If somebody were to sit down and
22 not sing, he could consider himself to be a dead man. That's
23 what his men said to us, the men who had come with him.
24 The essential point is that Ibrahim Salkic has got a broad, clear,
25 descriptive account of what happened upon cessation of the attack, and
Page 20
1 that's got Milan Simic and his coterie of gunmen leaving after the attack,
2 the attack that forms the basis of count 4. Nothing about any attack on
3 (redacted). And there was no cross-examination on the topic by
4 Mr. Zecevic.
5 If you turn, however, to the man who ought to know best about the
6 issue, you turn to the evidence of Witness N. Then he says something
7 that, in the Prosecution's submission, clearly indicates that we are
8 dealing with a separate episode here. His examination-in-chief starts at
9 page 6128. He says it was June when the attack occurred, he was already
10 very badly injured and, in fact, he had to be carried out to be beaten
11 because of his injuries that he'd sustained in previous beatings. And the
12 man who carried him out to be beaten was Ibrahim Salkic, and he's clear
13 about that, and he says that at page 6131.
14 In cross-examination, he repeatedly said that Salkic took him out
15 to be tortured and that Salkic ran back inside upon delivering him out to
16 his tormenters, and you'll find that at page 6210. So he's absolutely
17 clear that he was alone when he was beaten, that the man who took him out
18 to be -- who helped him out, because he couldn't walk properly, was
19 Ibrahim Salkic. Now, if these two attacks took place on the same night as
20 the Defence would have you believe, then it just doesn't -- it doesn't
21 make sense. Unless of course, I suppose, the Defence argue that Witness N
22 was attacked first. But there is nothing to suggest that in the evidence
23 at all. It's almost impossible, the Prosecution submits, that Ibrahim
24 Salkic would have been carrying him out if he had endured an attack as he
25 says he did, and namely the events of count 4.
Page 21
1 So it stands in stark contrast to the evidence of Hasan Bicic, who
2 says that (redacted) was part of a group of men who were
3 tortured. He wasn't part of a group of men. He was alone. He's talking
4 about a different episode on a different occasion.
5 So just looking, standing back and looking at the whole body of
6 evidence generally, I suppose the Defence will say that the witnesses
7 speak of Milan Simic only coming to the gym on two occasions, and the
8 Defence, presumably, will rely on this as further evidence that therefore
9 one of those occasions must have been the night when all victims of both
10 counts 4 and 7 were attacked and tortured. But this isn't compelling
11 evidence for the simple reason that Witness N describes himself having to
12 be carried out to the gym area and therefore he, Milan Simic, did not
13 enter the gym area. So it's quite possible that he returned to the gym on
14 another occasion without being seen by other witnesses. And it's quite
15 possible that the attack that Witness N suffered was -- I'll withdraw that
16 submission.
17 The consequence of this, of course, is important to the
18 Prosecution because it is, in the Prosecution's submission, quite an
19 aggravating factor. If you accept this submission, if you accept that
20 there were in fact two separate attacks, two separate episodes of torture,
21 then you are dealing with repeated offending and that is an aggravating
22 feature of the course of offending.
23 If, however, you're not satisfied with the Prosecution's
24 submission, you're not satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt, and you
25 consider it's possible that these attacks occurred on the one night, then,
Page 22
1 of course, the Prosecution's submission is that you are dealing with a
2 very serious episode of offending on the one night, repeated, vicious,
3 terrifying attacks with several victims and indeed two separate episodes
4 on the one night. But the Prosecution's submission is that the evidence
5 overwhelmingly makes it clear that there are these two events separated by
6 days.
7 So that's what I want to say on the separate episodes.
8 Duration of the beatings? The Defence submits that although the
9 beatings were serious, they were of shorter duration than other beatings
10 that took place in the gym, and you've heard the evidence surrounding the
11 general activity in the gym. Hasan Bicic is again the only witness who
12 comments on the time, as far as I recall, of the first attack. He says it
13 was -- it took about 20 minutes.
14 The Prosecution's submission of course is that it's of little
15 mitigatory assistance to say, well, other attacks took place that were
16 longer and more systematic. And of course, the submission fails to take
17 into account the episode suffered by (redacted). Witness N, in
18 describing that episode of torture, said this:
19 Q. How long did the incidents last?
20 A. Perhaps an hour or more something like that. For me it seemed
21 a very long time.
22 The Prosecution submits that when you're looking at torture, the
23 crucial factor is the intensity of the torture inflicted, not its
24 duration. A beating lasting for two hours may be easier to endure than
25 some forms of mental torture lasting four or five minutes. It's the
Page 23
1 intensity of the torture that is the significant factor, and that's what
2 you should look at and that you shouldn't give any weight or any
3 mitigating weight to the submission, Well, it only lasted 20 minutes.
4 The Prosecution submission is that when you look at the intensity
5 of the torture suffered by the first group of victims and
6 (redacted), then you see that there were in fact quite severe
7 episodes of torture and quite vicious episodes of torture and that they
8 were accompanied by pronounced overtones of humiliation of the men. Both
9 cases involve threats and violence to the genitalia of the men. Both
10 cases involved the use of firearms. In the case of Witness N, he faced
11 death during his episode of torture, and there can be little doubt about
12 that.
13 May I just take a moment to find a portion of the transcript of
14 Witness N? He was being examined in chief by Mr. Weiner. I'll just pick
15 it up halfway through his description of the episode of torture. And as
16 best -- the question:
17 Q. And as best as you can recall, the words that were being said,
18 the curses, the insults, what was being said, as best as you
19 can recall, sir?
20 A. He said with his own mouth, look at who I sat with you, you
21 balija, look at who I sat with at the barbeque barricades.
22 The others were repeating that and beating me and cursing my
23 balija mother, my Ustasha mother, calling me an Ustasha. Your
24 end has come, things like that, that kind of mistreatment.
25 Q. Okay. Now as they were saying these things was anyone
Page 24
1 touching you, was anyone hitting you?
2 A. Yes. Blows were coming from all around because in a way I was
3 protected by his body, but he had stuck his pistol into my
4 mouth and I was breathing through that practically and it hurt
5 so bad.
6 Q. Okay. You're in the corner, your back is to the wall, and
7 when you say he stuck his pistol in your mouth, who stuck the
8 pistol in your mouth?
9 A. Milan Simic.
10 Q. What kind of pistol?
11 A. It was a Scorpion, had a longish barrel.
12 Q. Okay, and when the gun is in your mouth and you're in the
13 corner what were the other people doing.
14 A. Blows were coming from all around, blows were coming from the
15 side. Milan Simic was standing in front of me holding the
16 pistol in my mouth and then these others were punching me from
17 the two sides and kicking me and touching me in that way. And
18 then I hard a voice say, Cut it off. Get his pants off.
19 Q. I just want to take the next step. You said that while the
20 gun was in your mouth you saw Milan pull the trigger?
21 A. Yes. Once or twice he pulled the trigger, but the gun didn't
22 fire and he said, "Balija, you're a lucky man."
23 Q. What was your mental state at the time when the trigger was
24 pulled once or twice?
25 A. Well, I was desperate. I thought, that's it, I'm finished.
Page 25
1 So the submission on the duration of the beatings is a matter that
2 is breathtaking in its insignificance, in the Prosecution's submission, a
3 matter that you should give absolutely no weight to whatsoever and it's a
4 matter that of course if you thought that it did carry some weight in the
5 case of the first attack carries absolutely no weight in the case of the
6 second attack.
7 In the case of Ibrahim Salkic, he told you that he had in fact
8 before the war suffered the loss of a son, and this was a matter that was
9 well known. He told you of the kicks being aimed at his genitals and
10 Milan Simic saying they would not be able to have children. And you'll
11 find that quote in the evidence at page 3316. So duration of beatings is
12 a matter that's really irrelevant. It's the intensity, and I hope that
13 the passage I read to you reminds Your Honours of the intensity of the
14 attack and torture that these men suffered.
15 The -- there is a submission in the Defence brief relating to
16 intoxication and the mental state of the defendant. The Defence
17 submission bases itself on the ground that his intoxication and his mental
18 state combined to produce some sort of and abhorrent behaviour in
19 Milan Simic, and I think you'll find this as a recurring theme in the
20 Defence submission, that this is an once-off episode, it was the product
21 of these two factors combining his apparently distraught condition and
22 alcohol.
23 Of course, that's why the Prosecution was keen to point out to you
24 that other -- that the whole body of evidence dealing with the
25 separateness of the attacks, and if you accept that of course, then
Page 26
1 that's -- even if they could sustain that as a mitigating ground in the
2 first count, they can't sustain it in respect of the second count.
3 The Prosecution submission, however, is that those two factors,
4 intoxication and mental state, can't amount to any mitigation at all in
5 this case.
6 Even if they could, there is really very little evidence to
7 indicate that there was any -- that the defendant was significantly
8 affected by alcohol. Its high point, again, reaches its evidence with
9 Hasan Bicic who says it's possible he wasn't conscious of what he was
10 doing. As far as the second episode is concerned, Witness N describes
11 smelling alcohol on the breath of Milan Simic. What is surprising is the
12 complete absence of the usual sorts of indications that courts throughout
13 the world hear regarding drunkenness. There is no evidence of gross
14 impairment of judgement, slurring of his words, loss of balance, and so
15 on. One witness describes him stumbling at some stage, not surprising
16 considering the group attack that took place.
17 THE INTERPRETER: Could the counsel please speak up and enter the
18 microphone.
19 MR. DI FAZIO: That's not surprising, considering the group attack
20 in both cases. There was certainly no physical impairment to the
21 defendant's agility. You may recall Muhamed Bicic describing him taking
22 two or three steps in a semi-running stance as he aimed his kicks at the
23 genitals of the men. So it's really very little evidence of any sort of
24 significant intoxication, and in any event, even if there were, the
25 Prosecution submission is, it's not something that you can give any weight
Page 27
1 to.
2 This issue of intoxication, and its use to be made, arose in the
3 Todorovic sentencing case. In that -- in the case of Mr. Todorovic, he
4 called a psychiatrist from Belgrade who gave evidence of his psychiatric
5 background and a post-traumatic stress disorder that he may or may not
6 have suffered and commented upon his alcohol and was cross-examined by me
7 in -- by myself on his consumption of alcohol. During the course of my
8 cross-examination, Judge May interrupted the cross-examination and said,
9 "Well, Mr. Di Fazio, it's going to be no mitigation that these offences
10 were committed in drink at this time. It can't be mitigation that these
11 offences were committed in drink. It could never be such mitigation and
12 it must have been very common at this period." I respectfully adopt the
13 words of His Honour in the Todorovic sentencing transcript, and recommend
14 them to you.
15 Furthermore, there is the question of motive. He was -- I think
16 the Defence will make the submission to you that he was in a distraught
17 condition following the death of his friend. What evidence there is for
18 that, I don't know, but that's the submission that will be made to you.
19 The Prosecution case is that if that is so, then what you were dealing
20 with here is a case of revenge. His friend is killed, and so he takes it
21 out on beaten and cowed and tortured prisoners. Far from being a
22 mitigating factor, if you accept that evidence, it's an aggravating
23 factor, and something you should look at in that particular way. And this
24 has been clearly laid out in the Celebici trial judgement. I'll rely on
25 the Defence brief on this, they quote to you paragraph 1235 of the
Page 28
1 judgement, and if you read that, in the Prosecution's submission, it
2 indicates that revenge is in fact an aggravating factor.
3 The sort of mitigating factors when it came to motive that the
4 Celebici Trial Chamber referred to were where acts of torture and so on
5 are committed as a result of group pressure or the acts are committed
6 reluctantly. These are completely absent here in this particular case.
7 And furthermore, Celebici said that where the act is premeditated and is
8 in revenge, then it's an aggravated feature of the offending. And just on
9 that issue of premeditation, well of course, the Prosecution submission is
10 that you are here dealing with premeditated acts. It's not the case that
11 Milan Simic happened to find himself in the gym. It's not a case that he
12 went there for some errand and lost control of himself seeing these
13 Muslims and Croats sitting around the walls of the high school gym. He
14 must have gone there with the intent of torturing these men. There can be
15 no other explanation. Both times accompanied by an escort, both times
16 armed, both times people are specifically called out, specifically
17 selected, and that is premeditation. That is a plan. And if it's because
18 his friend was killed, then it's revenge. And if it's a plan, and if it's
19 revenge, it's an aggravating feature. So the motive that is ascribed in
20 this particular case by the Defence is plainly and fairly and squarely an
21 aggravating feature of this offending, and you should deal with it in that
22 way.
23 I come now to the last and one of the more important submissions
24 in the -- from the Prosecution's point of view, and that is the whole
25 issue of the guilty plea and the remorse, remorse of the defendant.
Page 29
1 You'll find these two topics dealt with at paragraphs 50 to 58 of the
2 Prosecution brief on sentencing. There are two separate issues, I
3 suppose, the fact of the guilty plea and the fact of remorse, but it is
4 true, of course, that on some occasions a guilty plea can be an expression
5 of remorse. Whether it is or not depends very much on the facts of the
6 particular case and I invite the Trial Chamber to have a good long, hard
7 think about the circumstances of the guilty plea.
8 The Prosecution submission is that virtually no weight can be
9 attached, no mitigating weight can be attached to the guilty plea and that
10 no mitigating weight is to be attached for remorse on the part of Milan
11 Simic.
12 JUDGE MUMBA: I think the detailed written submission is
13 sufficient, isn't it, Mr. Di Fazio, on those two issues?
14 MR. DI FAZIO: There are some extra points I would like to make.
15 It's the last point of the Prosecution submission and I can finish it
16 before the break if that's okay with the Trial Chamber.
17 JUDGE MUMBA: All right.
18 MR. DI FAZIO: First of all, the range of sentence that has been
19 recommended to the Trial Chamber, three to five years, by both the Defence
20 and the Prosecution, is a range that was arrived at on the basis that a
21 guilty plea, of course, would be entered, and therefore, it is a range
22 that is appropriate in the Prosecution's submission after plea. In other
23 words, it's a range of sentence that has already taken into account the
24 plea of guilty. If you start to give him further credit for his plea of
25 guilty, then he will, in the Prosecution's submission, be getting an extra
Page 30
1 benefit for the plea of guilty. Whether you accept that or not, I don't
2 know, but that's the Prosecution's submission.
3 In addition, however, you have to look at the circumstances of
4 this plea. Of course, all the evidence -- the pleas only came in after
5 all the available evidence to prove counts 4 and 7, all the available
6 evidence to prove counts 4 and 7 had been produced by the Prosecution.
7 The Bicic brothers, Ibrahim Salkic, and Witness N had to be called to give
8 their evidence. They had to relive the experiences and describe the
9 harrowing attacks. The plea -- the last witness to give evidence on the
10 factual background was Witness N; he gave evidence in late February, 2002.
11 The plea agreement was not even reached for another two and a half months,
12 until May, the 13th of May of this year. So it came very, very late in
13 the day, very, very late in the day.
14 There has been no public advantage as a result of the guilty plea.
15 There has been no public advantage -- no advantage to the OTP or to the
16 Tribunal as a result of the guilty plea. The evidence that the
17 Prosecution had to call to sustain counts 4 and 7 had to be called. The
18 trial was not shortened and it would have been shortened had the guilty
19 plea been entered at an appropriate time, what the Prosecution says is an
20 appropriate time, if you want to get the mitigating effect, namely at the
21 beginning of the trial.
22 You've got to make a distinction in the Prosecution's submission
23 between someone who pleads guilty at this stage of the trial, well into
24 the trial, after all the available evidence to prove the counts to which
25 he is pleading guilty has been called. You've got to distinguish between
Page 31
1 someone in that position and the defendant who does enter a plea of guilty
2 prior to trial and prior to the evidence being called against him. To
3 simply give credit every time there is a plea of guilty without adjusting
4 that, minimising it or maximising it, depending on the circumstances,
5 fails to do justice to the man who does plead guilty at the beginning of
6 the trial or before trial as a result of remorse, and that's the situation
7 which the person should be given maximum benefit for the guilty plea.
8 It would be unjust for you, in the Prosecution's submission, for
9 his -- for any mitigating effect of his guilty plea to be adjusted to
10 virtually zero in this case.
11 Furthermore, if you do give full credit or significant credit to
12 him at this stage for entering his guilty plea, then it will act as an
13 invitation to other defendants to test the strength of the Prosecution's
14 case as, in the Prosecution's submission, so clearly happened in this
15 particular case. If there is -- you've got to make a distinction
16 emphatically between the defendant who pleads guilty prior to trial and
17 one who, as in this case, does so only well into the trial and only after
18 he's tested the waters and seen how the strength or otherwise of the
19 Prosecution case.
20 The issue of remorse, I said in my submissions earlier that a
21 guilty plea can be an expression of remorse. And of course, the truly
22 remorseful defendant who pleads guilty at the first available opportunity
23 stands in a quite different position from the sort of position in which
24 Milan Simic finds himself in.
25 Until the 13th of May this year, this case was fought tooth and
Page 32
1 nail. Now The point is made I know in the presentencing brief but I need
2 to, in the Prosecution's submission, re-emphasize it. Clever lies were
3 told to the investigators in March of 1998. The defendant claimed to be
4 happy to be given an opportunity to explain the truth of the matter and
5 then went on promptly to lie about it in his interview. He ascribed
6 motives to Perica Misic and Muhamed Bicic for the falsity of their
7 allegations. Page 25 of the interview:
8 Q. You're not aware of any other reason why they will falsely
9 accuse you?
10 A. No.
11 The reason of course is that it is much more profitable to accuse
12 the President of the executive board than somebody much lower.
13 Through his counsel, at this trial, those witnesses were subjected
14 to a really searching and arduous cross-examination. You recall that
15 during the evidence of Witness M, Mr. Zecevic, and I make no criticism of
16 him. On the contrary, he was doing his professional best for his client
17 at the time, but you recall that Mr. Zecevic put to Witness N that he was
18 confused about another attack that he'd suffered at the hands of Crni, and
19 Mr. Zecevic, as I say quite properly at that stage, was putting to
20 Witness N features that were so common between that attack and this
21 attack, and that could only have been to set up a false denial to you at
22 that stage of the case that Witness N was mistaken, had gotten confused
23 between an attack inflicted upon him by Crni and his own torture that he
24 had suffered at the hands of the defendant.
25 None of the character witnesses speak of his remorse. I went
Page 33
1 through the statements. I can find not one sentence or phrase dealing
2 with troubled conscience. The Defence makes the point that he expressed
3 remorse early by the decent treatment meted out to both of those two men.
4 In the Prosecution submission, that's feeble and scant material to rely
5 on. That apology wasn't extended to the others. It certainly wasn't
6 extended -- who were also the subject of that attack. It certainly wasn't
7 extended to Witness N and the remorse evaporated when the investigators
8 started coming along and asking questions about what had been going on in
9 the gym.
10 Lastly, if Your Honours plea, the severity of the two episodes,
11 the Prosecution brief has made it clear, the major points it relies on. I
12 urge you when considering your sentence not to treat this matter as a
13 night gone wrong, and -- an emotional, drunken night gone wrong. It can't
14 be treated in that particular fashion.
15 This defendant held an extremely high position in the new Serb
16 administration of Bosanski Samac. He was the President of the executive
17 board. He was surrounded by escorts when he went to the gym on both
18 occasions; he went there twice on the Prosecution's submission. The
19 people that he was supposed to be protecting were there, covered in blood
20 and cuts and bruises, and living in daily terror, and he went along and
21 inflicted more terror and he did it twice on separate occasions and he did
22 it as a man of power and authority. That's the sort of episodes that you
23 are here dealing with and he should be sentenced accordingly.
24 To show any justice to the men who had pistols shoved down their
25 throats and had to breathe with their open mouths as the gun was being
Page 34
1 pushed further and deeper into their throats, with knives being wielded
2 and having their pants pulled down and their genitalia about to be cut
3 off. You consider that as you will see that the submission or the notion
4 or the idea that this is a wild drunken night, a night that went wrong, is
5 completely and fundamentally misguided and not a proper factual bases upon
6 which you should approach sentencing.
7 If Your Honours please, those are the Prosecution's submissions.
8 Are there any other matters that you wish to hear me on?
9 JUDGE MUMBA: No. I think we will take a break for 20 minutes.
10 We shall resume our proceedings at 1045 hours.
11 --- Recess taken at 10.26 p.m.
12 --- On resuming to 10.51 a.m.
13 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, we will now go to the Defence.
14 MS. BAEN: Excuse me, Your Honour, at this point the defendant
15 would like to give his statement to the Chamber.
16 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, he can go ahead from where he's sitting.
17 Yes, Mr. Milan Simic, you can go ahead and address the
18 Trial Chamber.
19 THE ACCUSED: [Interpretation] Good morning, Your Honours. Thank
20 you for extending this opportunity for me to address you.
21 First of all, I would like to express my sincere regret and
22 remorse for what I have done to my fellow citizens and friends at the
23 elementary school. I'm aware of the fact that the fact that my best
24 friend was killed and the fact that I was drunk can in no way serve as a
25 justification for what I have done there. I am convinced that even my
Page 35
1 late friend, Dusan Mijanic, with whom I have spent unforgettable days as a
2 student, would not find words to justify my conduct. Unfortunately, I
3 became aware of all this only afterwards, and although it was immediately
4 clear to me that it was impossible to make up for what I have done, my
5 conscience led me to at least extend my apologies to the people whom I had
6 hurt.
7 I have done that, but in addition to my sincere regret and remorse
8 and personal apology that I extended to them, I was still haunted by guilt
9 and it continues so until this day.
10 As regards the interview I gave to the Prosecutor, one should bear
11 in mind that I gave that interview immediately after being the first to
12 come voluntarily to The Hague at the time when The Hague Tribunal was a
13 taboo topic in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that for me, the mere fact of
14 voluntary surrender was too great a burden so that I did not have enough
15 strength or courage to do an additional step and immediately admit my
16 guilt.
17 This is why I value even more the fact that you allowed me to once
18 again publicly extend apology to all of them. Thank you.
19 JUDGE MUMBA: Thank you. Very well.
20 Ms. Baen?
21 MS. BAEN: May it please the Chamber, counsel, and Mr. Simic, I
22 will not spend any time duplicating our brief, which I know the Chamber
23 will appreciate.
24 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes.
25 MS. BAEN: However, I will respond to the Prosecution's argument
Page 36
1 and then highlight some things that were not contained in our brief. I
2 will cover the aggravating factors which the Prosecution has mentioned and
3 also the laws of the former SFRY, and Mr. Zecevic will cover the issue of
4 mitigating circumstances.
5 Before I address the specific issues, I think it's important to
6 highlight very briefly the purpose of our hearing here today, a sentencing
7 hearing, where the defendant has chosen to plead guilty pursuant to a plea
8 agreement. As stated in paragraph 4 of the joint motion for consideration
9 of this plea agreement between Mr. Simic and the OTP, it says,
10 "In the attached plea agreement, the accused and the Office of the
11 Prosecutor have a joint recommendation to the Trial Chamber regarding
12 sentence." And that's the spirit in which we should be here today is it's
13 a joint process, not so adversarial in the information provided to the
14 Chamber at this point should only be additional information in order to
15 support each party's position.
16 Many people, including many accused persons sitting in the UNDU
17 right now, have expressed a lot of interest in this hearing because plea
18 agreements, as the Chamber knows, are still rarely used at this point in
19 the OTP -- or excuse me in it the Tribunal. The previous sentencings in
20 Erdemovic, Todorovic, and the Keraterm cases where there have been plea
21 agreements which were accepted by the chambers have encouraged other
22 defendants, such as Mr. Simic, to receive plea agreements from the OTP.
23 These plea agreements are reached -- the more plea agreements that
24 are reached here between the OTP and the Defence, defendants, and accepted
25 by the Trial Chambers, the more encouraged other defendants will be to
Page 37
1 proceed in the same fashion and the more resources both financial and time
2 will be saved by the Chamber.
3 I am surprised a little bit by the Prosecution's position that we
4 should receive no credit about the timing of the plea bargain because I
5 think it goes against the spirit of agreement; however, I must say we
6 appreciate --
7 THE INTERPRETER: Could the counsel please slow down?
8 JUDGE MUMBA: Slow down.
9 MS. BAEN: I knew that was going to happen.
10 However, we appreciate the opportunity given us by the Prosecution
11 and the Trial Chamber to be here today.
12 That being said, I now turn to the evidence which supports our
13 position on what specific sentence within the three to five range
14 Mr. Simic should receive. Very briefly covering the issue of the law of
15 the former SFRY, the jurisprudence is clear, we covered this in our brief,
16 that obviously the Chamber is obliged to consider the laws, but we know
17 it's not mandatory under the jurisprudence that it is followed.
18 Be that as it may, the Prosecution has devoted a significant
19 portion of their submissions in their brief on the law of the former
20 SFRY. The Prosecution has relied on five different Articles from the
21 Criminal Code, and as we all know, as lawyers, we would be remiss in a
22 legal analysis of the law if we didn't look at the it totality of the law
23 and not just selected provisions. For that reason, we, the Defence,
24 provided the Chamber with the two additional Articles today, Articles 42
25 and 43 of the Criminal Code.
Page 38
1 Article 42 is entitled "Reduction of Sentence." And it states
2 that, A court may reduce the minimum punishment prescribed by statute or
3 impose a milder type of punishment in two circumstances. Number 1, when
4 it's provided by statute that the offender's punishment may be reduced,
5 and 2, which is relevant here, is when it finds that such extenuating
6 circumstances exist which indicate that the aims of punishment can be
7 attained by a lesser punishment. So according to Article 42, the
8 quote "minimum for a crime" is not necessarily the minimum that a
9 defendant can receive, depending on what the Court finds appropriate.
10 In cases where persons have been prosecuted for torture under
11 Article 142 of the SFRY, the jurisprudence has pointed out in the
12 Prosecution's brief is that the Courts consider extenuating circumstances
13 or mitigation to include the absence of prior criminal convictions, age,
14 family circumstances, ill health, as well as many other things that the
15 Prosecution has listed in their brief. In fact, the extenuating
16 circumstances listed by the courts in the SFRY match some of the same
17 mitigating circumstances under the jurisprudence of this Tribunal.
18 Under Article 43, if a court finds that there are extenuating
19 circumstances, this Article 43 provides for how the range of punishment is
20 reduced, and what Article 43 says, Article 43, section 1, subsection 1,
21 that if there is a crime that -- where the minimum is three years or more,
22 the minimum sentence is three years or more, and the court finds that it's
23 appropriate to reduce that sentence, then the range of punishment drops
24 down from one year, a minimum of one year, up to five years or the
25 statutory minimum. And that's really all that -- the Prosecution's
Page 39
1 submission is that the minimum for torture in the SFRY was five years, and
2 that's just a submission when you add Articles 42 and 43.
3 Moving on to the issue of aggravating circumstances, to respond to
4 the Prosecution's argument, very clearly, the Defence still maintains, as
5 we maintained in our brief, that there are no aggravating circumstances,
6 that even though the crimes Mr. Simic committed and has pled guilty to are
7 very serious - they are very serious crimes and we don't back off that for
8 one moment - however, in aggravation of sentence, we feel there are no
9 aggravating circumstances. The Prosecution submission covers six areas,
10 and I will go through each one of those now.
11 Before I go through each one, though, I do want to point out again
12 that, as acknowledged by the Prosecution, the whole focus on aggravating
13 circumstances is: Have they met their burden of proof? And we all know
14 here the burden circumstances of proof on aggravating circumstances is
15 still beyond a reasonable doubt. So that's the standard by which we
16 examine each one of the aggravating factors.
17 Number 1, the gravity of the circumstances. We agree the most
18 important factor in sentencing, period, anywhere, in any jurisdiction, is
19 the gravity of the offence. But to determine what sentence a defendant
20 should receive for a -- depending on the scale of the gravity, a court or
21 a Chamber must have some frame of reference. The substantive laws here in
22 the ICTY for torture and the laws of sentencing are very, very broad, and
23 they should have been drafted that way because the purpose of this
24 Tribunal is to prosecute for all types of conduct, and therefore, you have
25 to have a broad statute in place to cover all types of conduct.
Page 40
1 All crimes have the range of punishment for up to a life sentence,
2 the same reason. For example, the substantive crime of torture, rape
3 could be prosecuted as torture, murder could be prosecute as torture,
4 beatings where a person was killed or maimed can be prosecuted as
5 torture. What we are saying to try to shorten this is there is torture
6 and then there is torture.
7 In the case of Mr. Simic, the beatings and threats that he
8 inflicted upon his five victims, although very serious in nature, are not
9 at the upper end of the scale as far as severity. There was no rape, no
10 murder, no permanent maiming. In fact, the parties plea agreement itself
11 suggest from both sides that torture in this case is at the lower end of
12 the punishment scale, and that's the reason why the parties reached the
13 agreement of three to five. We further suggest that his conduct should be
14 at the lowest end of the scale, and therefore, that would support the
15 lowest sentence within the plea agreement.
16 THE INTERPRETER: Could the counsel please slow down?
17 MS. BAEN: Yes, I will try to.
18 The Prosecution says that the Chamber should focus on particular
19 circumstances in order to determine the gravity of the offence. We agree
20 that's the law. But if you look at the Prosecution's brief, there are
21 very few citations to the evidence. To be fair, there have been some
22 references to the evidence today from the Prosecution, mostly with respect
23 to whether or not there was one or two different nights the defendant
24 visited the elementary school. But in their brief, their five, to be
25 exact, footnotes which talk about the transcript and the evidence, which
Page 41
1 is what's most important. By way of contrast, the Defence has many
2 excerpts, 26 to be exact, plus numerous references to the evidence, and
3 that should be the focus when it is determined whether or not the
4 Prosecution has met their burden of proof. They even go so far as to take
5 the questions of counsel to prove that as an aggravating factor against
6 the defendant, and we submit that that's totally inappropriate.
7 Milan Simic was a direct participant in the beatings of all five
8 victims. You will find no argument from the Defence on that issue;
9 however, one thing in the Prosecution's brief needs to be corrected. The
10 Prosecution states on page 2, paragraph 2, of their sentencing brief, the
11 last sentence,
12 "In addition, the count" -- referring to count 7 -- "charged that
13 Milan Simic pulled down the victim's pants and threatened to cut off his
14 penis as well as firing gunshots over his head."
15 Well if you look back to the indictment, that is not what the
16 indictment says, and I just want to make that one clarification, because
17 it is important, although he is criminally responsible for everything that
18 happened with respect to every one of those victims, whether he himself
19 did it or the people with him did it, but this correction needs to be made
20 because he wasn't the one wielding a knife and he wasn't the one pulling
21 the victim's pants down.
22 Furthermore, the evidence, if you look at the evidence of
23 Witness N that supports the fact that the defendant was not the person who
24 did that. It's important to note this as to the form and degree of
25 participation which is noted in the Prosecution's brief.
Page 42
1 The second aggravating factor after gravity of the offence listed
2 in the Prosecution's brief is that Milan Simic was president of the
3 executive board and a member of the Crisis Staff and Mr. Zecevic, I
4 believe, we discussed right before to shorten our arguments, he's going to
5 cover that issue in his remarks with respect to mitigation.
6 The third aggravating factor is the manner in which the crime was
7 committed. And in the Prosecution's brief, paragraph 44, is where they
8 begin their discussion of why the manner in which the crime was committed
9 should be considered as an aggravating factor, and the reason for that
10 argument is, and there is only one paragraph to support that, is that it's
11 the -- the acts were, second sentence, "Both acts of torture were of
12 significant duration." And I'm surprised by Mr. Di Fazio's statement
13 today that duration is completely "irrelevant." I'm not offering duration
14 as a matter of mitigation here at this point, although we did mention
15 mitigation in our brief and we stand on that argument, but with respect to
16 aggravating factors, Mr. Di Fazio is trying to shift the burden.
17 We don't have to prove anything about duration. If they want to
18 provide this as an aggravating factor to the Chamber, as a reason to
19 aggravate this man's sentence, then they have to provide evidence, and the
20 only evidence is that the beatings lasted for 20 minutes. There were five
21 to six, at the least, people there who said they were beaten that night
22 and -- with Hasan Bicic. The only evidence with respect to duration comes
23 from Hasan Bicic. So there is no way the Prosecution can sustain their
24 burden of proof that this was of significant duration if they don't have
25 the evidence to back that up.
Page 43
1 The fourth aggravating factor listed by the Prosecution in its
2 brief is the issue that Mr. Di Fazio spent most time on today, and that is
3 repeated and separate offences. What we are saying is, obviously, that
4 these two crimes were committed on the same night. We have never, ever --
5 our position has never been that this constitutes one crime. We agree
6 there are two crimes, Mr. Simic agrees there are two crimes. There are
7 two counts to which we pled guilty, and there are two separate crimes.
8 But from day one of this case, and the representation by my lead counsel
9 and I of Mr. Simic, the position we have taken with the Prosecution is
10 that this all occurred on one night. Even when we were talking about
11 drafting the plea agreement, that was the position. And it was agreed
12 that at sentencing this is where we would be, in this position, we would
13 be telling the Trial Chamber what our client told us, that it happened on
14 one night, they would be arguing it happened on two separate occasions.
15 What we have to do to solve this issue, or the Trial Chamber has
16 to do, is look at the evidence. We put transcript excerpts in our brief
17 and I don't really need to go over those because the evidence is in front
18 of the Chamber, but all of the evidence supports that Mr. Simic only went
19 to the primary school once. All -- well, you didn't hear from
20 Herica Misic, but all four victims from which the Trial Chamber testimony
21 regarding the incidents there, none of them ever said that Mr. Simic had
22 been seen out there beating people more than one occasion. And the
23 Prosecution brings up the fact, well, we didn't cross-examine on that --
24 the witnesses on that issue. There was no reason to cross-examine the
25 victims when, on direct examination, they mention only one incident. So a
Page 44
1 lack of questions by Defence counsel cannot be used as evidence against
2 the defendant.
3 If you look at all the evidence, Your Honours, and the best
4 evidence, the person who knows best, I disagree with the Prosecution when
5 he says Witness N knows better than anybody whether or not the defendant
6 was out there on one night, the defendant is the best person, he knows
7 best, and he says he was there on one night. Hasan Bicic, Muhamed Bicic,
8 Ibrahim Salkic, all of their testimony is consistent with this fact. The
9 Prosecution has not sustained their burden of proof on this aggravating,
10 alleged aggravating factor.
11 The next aggravating factor mentioned in the Prosecution's brief
12 and then its submissions today is premeditation. Again, there is no
13 evidence that this crime or these crimes, rather, were premeditated. The
14 evidence which came straight from the victims was that Milan Simic, or at
15 least one of the victims, Milan Simic was a totally different person that
16 night of the primary school from when he came back to apologise and from
17 the Milan Simic that they have known for years. The witness, Hasan Bicic,
18 said, as we outlined in our transcript excerpts in our brief, that he was
19 a totally different person because he was -- well, when he came back he
20 was a totally different person because he was sober. Now, what that means
21 to me is that he was intoxicated. How can, based on the evidence that he
22 was intoxicated and that he told Hasan Bicic or blamed him for his best
23 friend being killed, that doesn't seem logical to suggest that this was
24 premeditated.
25 Mr. Simic has told the Trial Chamber this happened on that day,
Page 45
1 and if you look at one of the character affidavits which covers this issue
2 attached our brief, you will see that there was a reason. We are not
3 saying that this is an excuse for the defendant's behaviour, but it
4 certainly will prove to negate the Prosecution's burden of proof on the
5 aggravating factor of premeditation. Someone who is distraught and the
6 Prosecution also I will answer their argument when they say -- when
7 Mr. Di Fazio said today that he felt like the Defence would argue that the
8 reason that the defendant committed this crime was because he was
9 distraught, well, the reason why we say that is because it came straight
10 out of the record from the witness. Mr. Hasan Bicic was asked a question
11 about what he meant by the word "tipsy," and this is in the transcript at
12 page 2792 to 2793.
13 Q. What made you think he had been drinking or that he was
14 tipsy?
15 A. Well, it was his behaviour.
16 Q. And what do you mean by that?
17 A. By that, I mean the way he pronounced words, his ennunciation,
18 the way he accused me of the death of his friend who was
19 killed somewhere on the front line while I was locked up, and
20 all this indicated that was not in a normal state of mind --
21 THE INTERPRETER: Counsel, please slow down.
22 MS. BAEN:
23 A. That he was not in the same state of mind he was in several
24 days later.
25 Another excerpt by Hasan Bicic at page 2610 of the transcript:
Page 46
1 Q. So the four or five of you who were called out, what happened
2 to you?
3 A. We went off towards the changing room, and in the corridor -
4 that is to say, as you come out of the gym - I saw Mr. Simic,
5 and he appeared to be slightly tipsy. He seemed to be just
6 about to cry, and then he returned to me and addressed me.
7 He said, that is he accused me of my people killing, having
8 killed his best friend, a roommate of his while they were
9 students."
10 But the transcript with respect to Mr. Simic being distraught, the
11 information also came from Hasan Bicic at page 2791 of the transcript,
12 where Hasan Bicic uses the word "distraught" to describe Mr. Simic's
13 appearance.
14 All of this evidence would also negate the Prosecution's burden of
15 proof that this crime was premeditated. It is illogical to say that a
16 person who had their best friend killed that same day, was drunk and
17 distraught, had planned, calculated, or premeditated these crimes. The
18 Prosecution has failed to sustain their burden of proof on that issue or
19 aggravating factor.
20 The last aggravating factor mentioned by the Prosecutors in their
21 brief and today is discriminatory intent, and I believe the evidence to
22 prove or not prove, because the Defence does not have to prove anything,
23 but the evidence to support the Defence position on discriminatory intent
24 as an aggravating factor is shared testimony with respect to whether or
25 not this crime was premeditated, but also -- which would be the testimony
Page 47
1 of Hasan Bicic primarily. Also Exhibit F to the sentencing brief, which
2 is a character affidavit which would cover that issue, and then also the
3 defendant's statement here himself supports the lack of discriminatory
4 intent.
5 We -- I want to make sure that I make this position clear to the
6 Trial Chamber. We stipulated in our plea agreement that there was
7 discriminatory intent on the night that this happened. His intoxication
8 and the killing of his friend do not excuse that and do not negate the
9 fact that horrible things were said to these victims, derogatory, racial
10 remarks, that are inexcusable and show discriminatory intent. However, in
11 mitigation of that discriminatory intent displayed on that night, the
12 Chamber, an in the Defence's position, should view the totality of the
13 circumstances and the totality of the character of this man.
14 All of the character affidavits which were attached to the brief,
15 we planned on calling those people to come testify and in the interests of
16 judicial economy and propriety, we attached those to the brief. But I
17 think they are very good and I think they will paint a very clear picture
18 to the Chamber of what kind of man Milan Simic is outside the night all
19 these horrible things happened at the primary school, and with respect to
20 discriminatory intent we stipulate there was discriminatory intent on that
21 night. However, we think it should not be used as an aggravating factor
22 because of the other reasons, which we have mentioned before the
23 Trial Chamber today.
24 The bottom line on all six aggravating factors, one of which will
25 be covered by my co-counsel here, the Prosecution has not sustained their
Page 48
1 burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. There is one other issue that
2 I have not covered and it was not covered today but it's in the
3 Prosecution's brief, is they devote a paragraph to the issues of
4 retribution and deterrence and they quote the Aleksovski case, and we
5 totally agree with the Aleksovski case. However, it's different in
6 application to Mr. Simic's case for the reason that in a case where there
7 has been a plea bargain, where a defendant has pled guilty and said, these
8 victims were absolutely right. I did these horrible things to them. I
9 will now accept responsibility and will accept whatever sentence the
10 Trial Chamber gives me, that's a different situation from when the victims
11 are challenged, go through an entire trial without a defendant pleading
12 guilty and saying, "Mr. Prosecutor, I didn't do anything, you've got to
13 prove me guilty."
14 In the case of Mr. Simic, these victims, I submit, the Defence
15 submits, have received retribution, when they watch this hearing on the
16 Internet or they hear about it back in Bosanski Samac and they hear,
17 Milan Simic is not saying that you weren't telling the truth, he accepts
18 what you said in front of the Trial Chamber, he plead guilty, and the
19 victims should be, therefore, vindicated and retribution had by the
20 victims. Therefore, the primary purpose of retribution is achieved
21 through his plea of guilty.
22 The other issue, deterrence, mentioned in the Aleksovski case.
23 Deterrence is basically a non-issue in this case and primarily, the reason
24 is because of the situation, the physical situation Mr. Simic is in. It
25 is virtually a physical impossibility for Mr. Simic to commit any more
Page 49
1 crimes, according to the medical reports attached to our brief. And also,
2 the evidence that we offer today, which the Trial Chamber will have a
3 chance to examine, the affidavit from Mr. Simic's wife, who is a trained
4 nurse, has cared for him before Mr. Simic's voluntary surrender to the
5 ICTY and also while on provisional release, she took over the full-time
6 responsibility of his medical care, and she says in her affidavit that he
7 can't even operate his wheelchair on his own, which I believe is also
8 referenced in the medical report. So as far as deterrence, it's -- this
9 is a special circumstance here, it's not an issue with respect to
10 Mr. Simic personally.
11 As far as deterring others from committing this crime, whenever
12 Milan Simic finishes serving whatever sentence he receives from the
13 Trial Chamber, he hopefully will be able to return to Bosanski Samac and
14 everyone in that town will know that he pled guilty -- he was prosecuted,
15 he pled guilty, he served time in prison and that most certainly will
16 serve as deterrence and it's now already, in and of itself to those back
17 in Bosanski Samac. So this Prosecution in and of itself will deter others
18 from committing the crime.
19 One brief final issue before I turn things over to Mr. Zecevic,,
20 and it's covered in great detail in the brief so there is no reason to go
21 into minutia, but the issue of or the credit which Mr. Simic should
22 receive towards whatever sentence he receives. Obviously, the law is
23 clear, whatever time Mr. Simic has spent in the UNDU awaiting sentencing,
24 I think there is no argument obviously that he is entitled to that
25 credit. The issue of contention, and of course the Defence expected this
Page 50
1 to be a contentious issue, which is a new issue for the Trial Chamber, the
2 ICTY is whether or not he should receive credit for all the time on
3 provisional release.
4 The issue here is if the Trial Chamber decides to create new law
5 in this area, because it would be new law and we recognise that, that
6 house arrest could be credited towards a sentence, it would have to be --
7 the ruling would have to be that this is considered on a case-by-case
8 basis and you would have to look at the particular provisional release of
9 the particular defendant in his particular circumstances to determine
10 whether or not his provisional release was house arrest. There was some
11 mention about our client being drinking coffee somewhere in
12 Bosanski Samac. There is no evidence in the record to support that at
13 all. So I don't know whether that's true or that isn't true, but it can't
14 be analysed because there is no evidence in the record.
15 But be that as it may, if the Trial Chamber looks at the two prior
16 periods of provisional release, coupled with the defendant's medical
17 situation, his life doesn't change that much from being in a jail
18 situation versus being in his apartment for hours at a time every day, not
19 being able to move without the help of his wife. That, coupled with the
20 conditions imposed by the Trial Chamber, constitute house arrest and
21 therefore he should be entitled to that credit towards whatever sentence
22 he receives.
23 In conclusion, it has been a privilege and a honour to appear here
24 in this Tribunal. I know this is an important event and all of our lives,
25 and I am very pleased that I had this privilege to appear here in front of
Page 51
1 this Chamber and to represent Mr. Simic.
2 Mr. Simic is an intelligent, bright, funny man who has handled his
3 situation of being a paraplegic with extreme courage and good humour. He
4 has displayed remorse to this Trial Chamber, to his counsel, to his
5 victims, and accepted, through his plea of guilty, the possible
6 consequences of a life sentence. For these reasons, and more to be
7 submitted by Mr. Zecevic, I respectfully request that this Trial Chamber
8 sentence the defendant to three years in prison.
9 Thank you very much, Your Honours.
10 JUDGE MUMBA: Thank you.
11 Mr. Zecevic?
12 MR. ZECEVIC: Good morning, Your Honours. For the benefit of my
13 client, I will speak in Serbian.
14 [Interpretation] I will state very briefly, without repeating what
15 has already been stated in our brief and what my colleague Ms. Baen has
16 already said, the position of the defence pertaining to the mitigating
17 circumstances in favour of our client. Before that, I would just like to
18 note that in his brief, the Prosecutor and also in his oral arguments
19 today, misrepresented some facts from some words from the plea agreement.
20 These facts or these allegations are not contained in the
21 agreement. But since this document has been filed under seal, I will not
22 be stating our views pertaining to these facts since the Trial Chamber has
23 this document at their disposal, and I'm sure that the Trial Chamber will
24 be verifying the allegations made by the parties relating to this
25 agreement.
Page 52
1 Milan Simic was born in 1960 and he comes from a very well-known
2 and well-respected family from Samac. From his part, Milan Simic has
3 always been -- always served as an example in Samac, starting from the
4 elementary school, then on to the secondary school, and to the university,
5 he was known as a very intelligent and disciplined students and worker.
6 In all the companies in which he worked, as you can see from the evidence,
7 the statements attached to the Defence brief, the impression he left was
8 very good indeed as a professional, hard-working, and positive person on
9 which he built his interpersonal skills and relations. He created the
10 interpersonal relations and nurtured those relations, both in his
11 workplace and in his private environment.
12 The evidence attached to the Defence brief will tell you that
13 Milan is a social person, always ready to help, that he does not have any
14 prejudices in any respect, and particularly no racial or nation -- or
15 ethnic or religious prejudices. The statements also indicate that he had
16 many Muslim and Croat friends, and that he never showed any kind of
17 discriminatory attitudes towards them.
18 Some of his closest friends, such as the witness whose statement
19 is attached as Exhibit E, is a Muslim with whom he spent his entire
20 childhood and youth. They shared the good and the bad, and they are
21 friends to this day.
22 During the war, the witness whose statement is attached as
23 Exhibit F was given his apartment for use by him, and he went to live with
24 his parents. In addition to this, he provided assistance to this family
25 and he provided assistance to his other neighbours regardless of their
Page 53
1 ethnicity or religion.
2 Milan Simic had no political ambitions and he was not involved in
3 politics. Even at the time when membership in political parties of the
4 nationalist orientation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the former
5 Yugoslavia in 1990 and onwards became the basic principle and way of life,
6 Milan Simic was not a member of the SDS. There is a pertinent exhibit
7 attached to the Defence brief proving that.
8 Milan Simic opted for the Reformist Party, which was led by the
9 then Prime Minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
10 Ante Markovic, a Croat. This party had, above all, a very moderate,
11 intellectual, multi-ethnic, and pro-Yugoslav orientation, and it was the
12 complete opposite in a way to the radical, single ethnic affiliation
13 parties that were sprouting all over the then Yugoslavia. In Samac, he
14 took part with the representatives of all ethnic communities in the
15 antiwar protests, the so-called barbecue barricades. Witness N testified
16 to this fact in front of the Tribunal, among others.
17 As you can see from the attachments to the Defence brief -- I mean
18 more specifically the Exhibit C, Milan Simic has never broken the law, nor
19 has -- had ever been arrested and has no previous convictions for any
20 criminal offence. As a successful economist with great organisational
21 skills, he was appointed to the post of the President of the executive
22 board of Samac on the 30th of May, 1992. The sphere of activity of the
23 executive board, as the Trial Chamber is aware, was very broad. From the
24 utilities, construction, water supply, energy supply, fuel, basic food
25 stuff, and also to ensuring that the health, education, and the economy as
Page 54
1 a whole in the municipality functioned well.
2 The Trial Chamber is also aware, through having listened to the
3 evidence presented in this case, that in mid-1992, Samac was a town in
4 isolation. It was frequently shelled because the Sava River and the
5 immediate vicinity of the town was the location where the front line was.
6 In such a complex situation, to ensure that all the town services
7 functioned and that the population received everything that they needed,
8 that the economy functioned, that the education and the health service
9 functioned, involved huge difficulties, primarily because of the shortages
10 of various products and also for financial and logistics problems.
11 The exhibits attached to the Defence brief indicate that the
12 executive council, executive board, headed by Milan Simic dealt exactly
13 and primarily with this type of issue for the benefit of all the
14 inhabitants of Samac, regardless of their ethnic or religious affiliation.
15 From the education to procuring fuel, functioning of the water supply and
16 power supply, food, restarting the production, and ensuring that the
17 hemodialysis centre functioned, this hemodialysis centre where most of the
18 patients were ethnic Muslims. This is what the -- what Milan Simic dealt
19 with as a member of the government in Bosanski Samac.
20 In relation to what the Prosecution stated today regarding the
21 time when the plea agreement was achieved, I would like to note a few
22 facts. First of all, the allegation made by the Prosecution that all the
23 witnesses testifying as to the events in the elementary school have
24 already testified is not correct. The Trial Chamber is aware of the fact
25 that the Defence insisted on the testimony of Perica Misic to be heard as
Page 55
1 one of the direct witnesses to this event. This is a Prosecution witness,
2 and the Prosecution opposed strenuously to this witness being heard, or to
3 his statement being tendered into evidence. The fact that the Prosecution
4 did not want to have one of their witnesses heard, a witness who was a
5 direct victim, will, I'm sure, be taken into account by the Trial Chamber.
6 The guilty plea of the accused and the stage of the proceedings at
7 which this was done is a mitigating circumstance, which has already been
8 taken into account by other Trial Chambers of this Tribunal. It is the
9 position of the Trial Chambers that the accused who plead guilty are given
10 credit commensurate to the stage at which such an agreement with the
11 Prosecution is achieved.
12 The Defence brief quotes the position of the Trial Chamber in the
13 Kolundzija case where the accused pleaded guilty before the beginning of
14 list Defence case and after the completion of the Prosecution case. In
15 that case, the Trial Chamber took the view that Kolundzija should be given
16 almost full credit for his guilty plea.
17 In this specific case, the accused, Milan Simic, pled guilty in
18 the middle of the Prosecution case, and in this way, has made a possible
19 for the Tribunal to achieve a substantial economy of time and resources.
20 I would just like to remind the Trial Chamber about the efforts put in by
21 the Chamber, by the Defence, and by the registry in order to ensure the
22 smooth proceeding of this case in the Bosanski Samac case, where Simic was
23 provided a special bed and the services of a nurse in the Tribunal
24 building, in accordance with the recommendations of a doctor, in order to
25 make it possible for Milan Simic to follow his trial. Despite all these
Page 56
1 measures, trial had to be adjourned quite frequently because of the
2 problems in transport or late arrival of the nurses to the UNDU or similar
3 reasons.
4 Let me remind you that at the time when the plea agreement between
5 the accused and the Prosecution was achieved, Milan Simic had been
6 following his own trial from his bed in the UNDU over the videolink and
7 communicated with his lawyers over a special telephone line due to his ill
8 health. The costs, which were huge to begin with, of the technical aids
9 have become an additional burden on the budget of the Tribunal. The costs
10 incurred by Milan Simic are probably the greatest costs incurred by any
11 accused individually taken. In this respect, the economy of time and
12 resources achieved is even more significant because even greater savings
13 have been achieved in this it respect by his guilty plea. His guilty plea
14 has also made it possible for the Bosanski Samac case to proceed smoothly.
15 The Defence would also like to note in particular that the
16 negotiations on the plea agreement, between the Prosecution and the
17 Defence, began before the beginning of the trial in this case, as early as
18 in May 2001 on the initiative of the Defence, since neither the Defence
19 nor the accused wanted the case to proceed to trial assuming, in advance,
20 how a lengthy trial may affect the health of the accused -- adversely
21 affect the health of the accused. But since the positions of the
22 Prosecution and of the Defence were very far apart, a substantially longer
23 time was needed for the positions of the parties to come closer, which led
24 to the agreement reached on the 15th of May, 2002.
25 For this reason, the Defence deems that the position of the
Page 57
1 Prosecution presented in paragraph 51 of the Prosecution brief and in the
2 oral arguments presented today, and to be more specific, paragraph 15 of
3 the plea agreement, where it is insinuated that the accused had failed to
4 cooperate with the Prosecution, this is unacceptable. The plea agreement
5 is a result of the freely expressed wills of -- will of the two parties.
6 It is unacceptable for us to have the plea agreement, after it has already
7 been signed, to become a problem or to be at issue again.
8 In this specific paragraph, the agreement pertained to the fact
9 that Milan Simic would not be testifying in the Samac case in favour or
10 against any of the accused. We believe that this agreement has been there
11 since the very beginning of the negotiations and the Prosecution never
12 demanded Milan Simic to testify. And that's why we feel that it is
13 unacceptable for them to be raising these issues from the agreement.
14 As regards the cooperation of Milan Simic in the Prosecution
15 brief, in the attachment thereto, there is his interview given to the
16 Prosecution as early as in March 1998. The Defence would like also to
17 state that in the Kolundzija case the Trial Chamber took into account the
18 degree of cooperation shown by the Defence counsel with the Trial Chamber
19 and with the Prosecution to ensure that the trial proceeds more
20 efficiently.
21 In this specific case, the Defence deems that its attitude has
22 greatly contributed to a more efficient trial. First of all, the Defence
23 agreed for the trial to continue at the time when the composition of the
24 Trial Chamber changed. Had it not been so, the Trial Chamber would have
25 had to start anew with a great loss of time and resources.
Page 58
1 Secondly, as regards the consent to have the trial conducted in
2 the absence of the accused in the trial -- in the courtroom, this has
3 substantially contributed to achieving greater efficiency in the Samac
4 case until the moment when the plea agreement was achieved.
5 As regards the remorse expressed by the accused, the Trial Chamber
6 has had the opportunity a little while ago to hear the truly sincere and
7 unequivocal contrition of Milan Simic. In his same statement, Simic
8 explained the reasons why he did not have the courage to admit to the
9 Prosecution in March, 1992, that he was guilty of committing this act.
10 I would also like to stress here that Milan Simic was the first
11 person to voluntarily surrender to the Tribunal in The Hague, at the
12 time when the relations between the Tribunal and the Republika Srpska
13 were much, much worse than they are today. His surrender, in a way, broke
14 the ice in the relationship between the Tribunal and Republika Srpska, and
15 even more importantly, at least in my opinion, in the relationship between
16 the Tribunal and the other accused. We can only try to imagine the burden
17 and pressure that Milan Simic was exposed to at that time. Despite all
18 that, and despite the fact that he is a seriously disabled person, Simic
19 surrendered to the Tribunal voluntarily, and with his act he paved the
20 way for the voluntary surrender of all the other persons prosecuted by the
21 Tribunal, which has led to the situation we have today, four and a half
22 years, or more than four years after his surrender, that more than half of
23 the accused persons are voluntarily surrendering to the Tribunal.
24 One should bear in mind in particular that the first indictment,
25 dated 25th of July, 1995, charged Milan Simic with only one criminal
Page 59
1 offence, in counts 24 to 26 of the indictment, specifically the incident
2 in the elementary school, and this is what he plead guilty to in May,
3 2002. This means that at the time when he surrendered voluntarily, Simic
4 was aware of the specific criminal offence that he is charged with and the
5 facts pertaining to the act. That is why the fact that he surrendered
6 voluntarily on the 14th of February, 1992 [as interpreted], reflects his
7 feeling of remorse for what he had done, despite the fact that he at that
8 time did not have the strength and courage to openly say so.
9 JUDGE MUMBA: May we correct something? The transcript shows that
10 he surrendered voluntarily on 14th February, 1992. You mean 1998?
11 MR. ZECEVIC: 1998, yes, sorry. It's a mistake in the transcript.
12 No, no, no. I said 1998.
13 [Interpretation] As you have heard from Mr. Simic today, this
14 feeling of remorse has been with him to this day. I'm convinced that
15 Simic would have admitted to the perpetration of this act, had the
16 indictment not been amended subsequently. When the time was ripe for him
17 to plead guilty just to that incident, Simic did so.
18 In this sense I feel that his voluntary surrender to the
19 Tribunal and his consistent attitude are also an unequivocal expression of
20 his sincere remorse for what he had done, and the Prosecution in fact
21 confirmed that on page 28, line 3.
22 The most important thing is that Milan Simic expressed his remorse
23 directly, a few days after the incident itself, when he apologised to all
24 of the victims, to some of them directly, and to others through those
25 people that he apologised directly to, for his actions, and explained the
Page 60
1 reasons why he acted in this way.
2 The Defence deems his gesture in 1992 as the most vital proof of
3 his -- of the sincerity of his motives for repentence. At that time,
4 Simic could not have known that he would be indicted before this Tribunal,
5 because at that time the Tribunal was not in existence, so that his
6 motives for apologising and for expressing his remorse is the most
7 sincere. In the Erdemovic case, the Trial Chamber gave a lot of weight to
8 the remorse expressed by the accused for the acts that he had committed,
9 the remorse he expressed at trial, and consequently departed downwards
10 from the minimum sentence recommended by the parties in the agreement.
11 The Defence deems that the remorse that Milan Simic expressed
12 directly to the victims in 1992 shows the purity and sincerity of his
13 motives and is deserving of the full credit to be granted to the accused
14 by the Trial Chamber in terms of mitigation, in accordance with the case
15 law.
16 The case law of the Tribunal, unlike the case law in the former
17 Yugoslavia, does not acknowledge significantly impaired health of the
18 accused as a mitigating circumstance. In this case, we believe that there
19 are special circumstances which justify taking into account the health of
20 the accused as a mitigating circumstance.
21 Milan Simic stands accused here for the acts he committed in 1992
22 in Bosanski Samac, in the territory of the former Socialist Federal
23 Republic of Yugoslavia, and at the same time he is a person that was
24 disabled in the course of war. So the same -- the very same situation
25 which has led to him being tried before this Tribunal resulted in his
Page 61
1 wounding in February, 1993, which in turn resulted in the fact that he
2 remained a disabled person -- that he was disabled for life, and the Trial
3 Chamber has very detailed information about his health and the latest
4 findings being attached to the Defence brief. In this sense, Milan Simic
5 is at the same time both the accused and the victim of the war situation
6 in the territory of the former SFRY after 1991.
7 If we look at Simic as an accused for the acts that he committed,
8 we have his admission of guilt, we have the case law of the Tribunal, as
9 regards the evaluation of the mitigating and aggravating circumstances.
10 If we look at him as a victim of the very same war situation and the same
11 events that had led to the establishment of the Tribunal in May, 1993, we
12 will see a victim with the most severe consequence, and the gravest
13 psychological burden, the fact that, at the age of 33, he remained
14 paralysed for life. We will see a man who loved life and who loved to
15 work in every way, and yet remained bed-ridden in a wheelchair. We will
16 see a man who was very athletic, and the only sport he can engage in now
17 is chess, and only with his left hand because he can not do it with his
18 right-hand. We will see a man who loved to travel and to socialise, and
19 now cannot get out of his bed without somebody else's help. We will see a
20 man who started his family two weeks before he was wounded, and had to
21 stop there. And finally, we will see a man who, as a victim, has already
22 received a life sentence.
23 In light of the above, the Defence asks the Trial Chamber, noting
24 that the mitigating circumstances in favour of the accused are extremely
25 numerous and serious, and that there are virtually no aggravating
Page 62
1 circumstances at all, and that is why we propose and ask the Trial Chamber
2 to impose a sentence of three years' imprisonment on the accused. Thank
3 you.
4 JUDGE MUMBA: Thank you.
5 [Trial Chamber confers]
6 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, Mr. Di Fazio?
7 MR. DI FAZIO: I have a right of reply?
8 JUDGE MUMBA: Very shortly, very briefly.
9 MR. DI FAZIO: It will be brief. I don't have that much to add.
10 Do Your Honours want the copy of the Yugoslavian Criminal Code
11 that I caused to be photocopied? I have got copies here. I don't know
12 what the Defence will say about that.
13 JUDGE MUMBA: It was said that the copies were in the library.
14 MR. DI FAZIO: Fine. In that case, I will just proceed.
15 JUDGE MUMBA: The Defence did explain what they thought was the
16 problem with the translation.
17 MR. DI FAZIO: Thank you.
18 Plainly, Articles 42 and 43 that the Defence rely upon must be
19 articles that only come into operation in extraordinary circumstances.
20 Otherwise it would make a mockery of minimum sentences. Perhaps the
21 courts in the former Yugoslavia did have, under Articles 42 and 43, the
22 power to reduce -- to go below minimum sentences but for that to be
23 coherent and for that to be sensible, it could only have been in the most
24 extraordinary of circumstances, because of course there would be offenders
25 who all the time have a clear criminal record and who perhaps might be in
Page 63
1 ill health, and it couldn't be the case that every time courts are
2 presented with such a person in the former Yugoslavia, that Articles 42
3 and 43 would operate to allow them to go below the minimum. So Article
4 142 still stands, in the Prosecution submission, of the Criminal Code, and
5 does operate to keep that minimum sentence that he would have received in
6 the former Yugoslavia for just the sort of crimes that you are dealing
7 with at five years.
8 The Prosecution submission is that the Defence have done nothing
9 and pointed you to nothing in the provisions of the former Yugoslavian
10 Criminal Code to indicate -- will you just excuse me for a moment, Your
11 Honours? -- how he might have relied on Articles 42 and 43 to go below
12 the minimum set out in 142. So the Prosecution submission is that aspect,
13 that plank, of its argument stands intact. If you go below the sentence
14 of five years that has been the range -- in looking at the range, three to
15 five, if you go below that five years, you will be sentencing him for less
16 than he would have received in the former Yugoslavia for crimes such as
17 this. If you're going to take those provisions into account, you've got
18 to keep the sentence up at the five-year mark, in the Prosecution's
19 submission.
20 JUDGE MUMBA: You can make your submissions but you know very well
21 that the Trial Chamber is not bound.
22 MR. DI FAZIO: I appreciate that. I understand that. The Chamber
23 will probably know better than myself, but the cases that I have seen deal
24 with situations where the sentence, the provisions of the Yugoslavian
25 Criminal Code actually set out sentences that were well below sentences
Page 64
1 being contemplated here in the Tribunal. This is a reverse case. The
2 range here is -- invites you to consider a range of sentence below the
3 minimum in Yugoslavia, that he would have got in Yugoslavia. So if you
4 are to consider that, it can only have one effect. If you are to consider
5 the former sentencing practice in the former Yugoslavia, it can have only
6 one effect, and that's to push the sentence upwards. In the Prosecution
7 submission, a proper giving of effect to that provision is for to you
8 sentence to five years in this case.
9 Ms. Baen made the submission that the plea agreement contemplates
10 -- or I think, if I am correct, her language was more explicit than that,
11 but certainly contemplates that torture is at the lower end -- that the
12 torture in this case is at the lower end of the scale, and that's why
13 three to five years were the range -- is the range recommended. In the
14 Prosecution's submission, that is simply not correct. There is nothing
15 that I can see in the plea agreement that says that the Prosecution
16 contemplates that this particular -- the activity that's -- that is the
17 basis of counts 4 and 7 it is at the lower end of the scale in this case.
18 Membership in the Crisis Staff? Exhibit D31/2, it's a -- it was
19 introduced in evidence during the Variant A and B hearing. It's entitled,
20 "Excerpts from the instructions relating to the Crisis Staff." The
21 relevant article, Article 2, have a read of that and you'll see that
22 President of the Executive Staff gets membership -- sorry, President of
23 the Executive Board gets membership on the Crisis Staff. And that's
24 -- that deals with that matter.
25 Duration of attack? Ms. Baen made the submission that the only
Page 65
1 evidence of duration of attack comes from Hasan Bicic. He said 20
2 minutes. As I said initially in my submissions, that's really neither
3 here nor there. What you've got to look at is the intensity of what is
4 suffered. But in any event, Witness N, in describing the attack on him,
5 described it as having gone on for an hour or more, something like that.
6 You'll find that evidence at page 6141.
7 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. Mr. Di Fazio, I don't think there is anything
8 knew that you're going to touch upon. I think everybody has been
9 discussed, everything is in there in the written submissions. So the
10 Trial Chamber doesn't think we need any further addresses.
11 MR. DI FAZIO: Yes. Just one matter, if I may, and that is the
12 issue relating to Perica Misic. The submissions there are -- in the
13 Prosecution's submission, the Defence submissions are completely
14 incorrect. The Prosecution opposed his being called to give evidence only
15 after the plea agreement had been entered into, and it was made
16 abundantly clear to Defence counsel by Ms. Reidy of his wishes in so far
17 as giving evidence is concerned, and I think that was conveyed to the
18 Trial Chamber. So that is not a matter that they can call into -- to
19 their aid.
20 This in fact demonstrates a further insensitivity to him. An
21 insistence to his being called, both pre and post plea agreement,
22 indicates that, once again, they were prepared to bring in a witness to
23 this Chamber to relive his experiences of torture and so on. So that's
24 not a matter that is -- that you should take -- take into account or give
25 any credence to.
Page 66
1 There are other matters, but if Your Honours feel that you have
2 heard enough, then I won't go on.
3 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. I think we've heard enough submissions, and
4 the plea agreement itself has quite a lot that will help the Trial Chamber
5 in coming to a decision.
6 MR. DI FAZIO: Well, I certainly invite to you reread it once
7 again. I'm sure that Your Honours already have, and I think it's clear in
8 its wording. Thank you.
9 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes. Mr. Zecevic?
10 MR. ZECEVIC: Your Honours, if it pleases the Court, I would like
11 to have just one minute or two to address these new issues because they
12 have been readdressed by my learned colleague, so I would like to give
13 some explanations, if you will allow.
14 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, you may go ahead.
15 MR. ZECEVIC: Thank you. Your Honours, if I may speak in Serbian
16 again, I would very much appreciate it.
17 JUDGE MUMBA: Yes, go ahead.
18 MR. ZECEVIC: [Interpretation] The courts in Socialist Federal
19 Republic of Yugoslavia very frequently used the provisions of Articles 42
20 and 43 when evaluating and passing down the sentence. As far as the
21 circumstances are concerned, in view of the position taken by Yugoslav
22 courts, disability or severe illness, as circumstances, are absolutely
23 treated as very specific circumstances which allow for the use of the
24 provisions of Article 42 and 43.
25 As you have heard, some other circumstances are also envisioned by
Page 67
1 the law as something that can be taken into account, if they are of
2 particular importance for the application of provisions of Articles 42 and
3 43. One of such circumstances can definitely be an apology given by the
4 accused to the victim.
5 And something very briefly, concerning the Prosecutor's reference
6 to the Crisis Staff for the first time in these additional comments by the
7 Prosecutor, I will say something briefly regarding this. The Prosecution
8 never proved beyond reasonable doubt that Milan Simic was a member of the
9 Crisis Staff, which is absolutely necessary pursuant to the rules and
10 jurisprudence of this Tribunal. The evidence used by the Prosecution in a
11 footnote which is called, "The excerpt from the instructions for the work
12 of Crisis Staff in Serb municipalities," which was issued by the
13 government of Republika Srpska, is just an excerpt from another larger
14 document which we were not given an opportunity to see.
15 We should especially take into account the fact that this document
16 is dated 26 April, 1992, and that the Trial Chamber knows full well that
17 the Crisis Staff of Bosanski Samac municipality was established way back
18 in March of 1992, to be more specific, on the 28th of March, which is to
19 say that it was established a month and a half before the date of this
20 document. The Defence maintains its proposal --
21 JUDGE MUMBA: Mr. Zecevic -- to put you at rest. The point is the
22 capacity described in the plea agreement is what will stand, is what the
23 Trial Chamber will consider, nothing more, because we are not reopening
24 any facts.
25 MR. ZECEVIC: Yes, Your Honour, we don't have any problem with the
Page 68
1 capacity because it's beyond the doubt that he was the president of the
2 executive board and all that goes with that. I'm just referring to this
3 new issue, that was the only thing I did. Thank you, Your Honour, we are
4 staying with the our proposal for three years in prison.
5 JUDGE MUMBA: Thank you very much.
6 The Trial Chamber will consider the submissions submitted by both
7 parties and it will deliver judgement in due course. The date of the
8 judgement will be notified to all parties in good time to allow counsel to
9 be present and also to allow the accused to be present and also to allow
10 the accused to be present. We will adjourn now.
11 --- Whereupon the hearing adjourned at
12 12.13 p.m.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25