Page 2003

 1                          Monday, 15 May 2006

 2                          [Open session]

 3                          [The accused entered court]

 4                          --- Upon commencing at 2.23 p.m.

 5            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Registrar, could you call

 6    the case, please.

 7            THE REGISTRAR: [Interpretation] Yes, thank you, Your Honour.  I'd

 8    like to greet all and everyone.  This is case number IT-04-74-T, the

 9    Prosecutor versus Mr. Prlic et al.

10            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] We are Monday, 15th of May,

11    2006.  I'd like to greet all the people present in the courtroom.  I don't

12    think you need to introduce yourselves because I think they are all the

13    same people present this afternoon.

14            We shall resume with witness testimonies this afternoon, but

15    before that, a few housekeeping matters I'd like to address.

16            First of all, time issues.  I think we had an example of this last

17    week.  The Judges have decided that when the hearing is due to finish at a

18    quarter to 2, we shall stop the person who is speaking at quarter to 2.

19    We cannot overstep our time for several reasons.  As you know, there are a

20    lot of people working and helping this Chamber.  There are security

21    guards, there are staff members working for the Trial Chamber, and the

22    interpreters.  When we finish at quarter to 2, everybody must understand

23    that all these people have started working at 9.00 in the morning and

24    sometimes some of them have been there two hours before already, so we

25    cannot overstep our time and cannot go beyond quarter to 2.  The lawyer

Page 2004

 1    who has the floor at that time must keep an eye on the clock and that is

 2    the reason why the clock is up there in the courtroom; so that everybody

 3    can check the time.

 4            And make sure that the questions fit into the appropriate time

 5    frame.  The Judges never like to cut a lawyer when he or her is speaking.

 6    It's always a rather tricky question, but sometimes it is important that

 7    people stick to the allotted time.  There is also another issue of a

 8    technical nature.  Sometimes there is another hearing in the courtroom

 9    afterwards and 30 minutes are required to change the videotapes or

10    audiotapes.  So it is most important to finish the hearing at quarter to 2

11    so that the next hearing can start on time.

12            So I would ask all of you to be as disciplined as possible and

13    make sure, given these requirements, that the time you spent or the time

14    speaking is something which you clearly keep in check.  We cannot go

15    beyond our allotted time and therefore it is most important to be -- to

16    keep this in check.  This is something we wanted to share with you and we

17    wanted to inform you about the decision we have taken.

18            Now, as far as last week is concerned, the expert report by

19    Mr. Donia, the Trial Chamber has decided to admit this report into

20    evidence.

21            Registrar, could you please give us a number for this expert

22    report.  I think, if I remember correctly, the number should be P 9356.  I

23    stand to be corrected.

24            THE REGISTRAR: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  This

25    report has been admitted under the exhibit number you have mentioned.  [In

Page 2005

 1    English] This report is admitted under the reference P 09536.  Thank you.

 2            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. Registrar.

 3            Secondly, because we ran out of time last week, I had to interrupt

 4    Mr. Praljak who was putting his questions to the witness.  I would like to

 5    ask the Defence team - I think it's Mr. Jonjic - who was due to ask for

 6    some of his exhibits or documents to be admitted into evidence.  So he has

 7    the floor right now.

 8            MR. JONJIC: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  On Friday,

 9    because we didn't have enough time, I had to put off my request that the

10    following exhibits be tendered:  5D 01026, 5D 01046, and 5D 01050.  Those

11    are the documents that were shown the witness, and if I may just say one

12    more sentence, this morning -- of course, it's too late now since the

13    Trial Chamber has taken its decision with respect to the report by Witness

14    expert Donia -- I had a request asking that those findings should not be

15    admitted into evidence and, if they are subsequently adopted, that when

16    the Trial Chamber comes to assess and appraise its value, they should bear

17    in mind that Dr. Donia demonstrated that he did not have the knowledge of

18    elementary facts.  In addition, he said that he had no knowledge about how

19    the banovina of Croatia was first created and that he knew nothing about

20    the changes of the -- in the borders of Bosnia-Herzegovina in the 20th

21    century.  He demonstrated that.  Thank you.

22            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Registrar, as far as the

23    tendering into evidence of these three documents is concerned, please.

24            THE REGISTRAR: [Interpretation] These three documents are tendered

25    into evidence under following numbers:  [In English] 5D 01026, 5D 01046,

Page 2006

 1    5D 01050.  Thank you, Mr. President.

 2            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] As far as tendering into

 3    evidence of the expert report is concerned, I would like to tell all and

 4    everyone that if a report is tendered, this does not mean that the Trial

 5    Chamber deems that this report does have a probative value or that the

 6    exhibits have a probative value.  All of this has to be checked out

 7    against other information, namely other expert reports, other expert

 8    evidence, and it is only at the end of the day that all of this will be

 9    assessed by the Bench.

10            So you need not worry, it's not because the report is admitted

11    that everything is set in stone.  As you know, there will be other experts

12    who will come to testify, other witnesses that will come and testify,

13    there will be your own witnesses that will come and testify, so what is

14    said today may change over time.  So this is a golden rule which this

15    Trial Chamber applies and which other Trial Chambers also apply.  So you

16    will have ample time to talk about the banovinas again, if you so wish

17    when other witness will come to testify and when your own expert witness

18    will come to testify.  Mr. Jonjic, you have the floor.

19            MR. JONJIC: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. President.  I omitted

20    to include one exhibit that was also shown to the witness.  It is the

21    description of the SS Division members, and that was document number

22    5D 01041.  So might that be tendered into evidence as well?  Thank you.

23            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Yes.  You're quite right.  This

24    document got forgotten.  Registrar, you have the floor.

25            THE REGISTRAR: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  This is a

Page 2007

 1    Defence Exhibit which will be admitted under the following number:  [In

 2    English] 5D 01041.  Thank you.

 3            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] We are still talking about

 4    expert reports.  So the Prosecutor told us last week that as one of its

 5    witnesses could not come and testify, the Prosecution was going to call an

 6    expert witness earlier than expected.  So the expert witness

 7    Mr. Tomljanovich should come and testify on Wednesday and Thursday.  And

 8    this will be the examination-in-chief.  The Defence counsel had -- the

 9    Defence teams had asked us to postpone the testimony of this witness to

10    September.  Mr. Sahota, who is here, did not have time but he was supposed

11    to get back to us and give us his point of view, and let us know whether

12    there were any confidentiality issues because this witness is an employee

13    of the Tribunal and works for the Office of the Prosecutor.  Now the

14    question was raised whether during the examination-in-chief -- between the

15    examination-in-chief and the month of September the Prosecution could use

16    this time and prepare the witness for a number of answers he could give

17    and when questions were put to him by the Defence team.  The Prosecution

18    did state that they would do nothing of the sort.  In the meantime, we

19    have been told that this witness may be called to testify in September.

20    Mr. Sahota said he would let us know what his point of view was, and he's

21    had ample time and he's had all the weekend to think about it.  So,

22    Mr. Sahota, what is your position on this, please?

23            MR. SAHOTA:  Mr. President, Your Honours, I have spoken to my

24    colleagues on the Defence benches, and we agree that no objection will be

25    taken in principle to this witness dividing his testimony in two

Page 2008

 1    installments.  However, we would like the Court to consider issuing a

 2    caution or warning to the witness before he retires, having given his

 3    evidence-in-chief, asking him not to discuss his testimony in any form

 4    with any other individual.  Thank you.

 5            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. Sahota.  In

 6    addition, we had one unanswered question which we didn't settle.  Pursuant

 7    to Rule 94 bis of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, when an expert

 8    report is actually recorded, the Defence as a general rule has one month

 9    in which to state its position.  Either the Defence accepts the reports or

10    if it wishes to cross-examine the witness, it can also challenge the

11    quality of the witness or the relevance of the report.  Given that this

12    report has been recorded and given to the Registry on the 10th of May, the

13    Defence would have until the 10th of June to state its position, but as

14    one of the witnesses that was called to testify cannot come, the

15    Prosecution has had to put this witness testimony forward and therefore

16    the Defence has not had enough time to submit its filings.  So this may

17    raise a particular issue.  If the Defence can file their written

18    submission by the 15th of June, because a -- they will need 30 days.  And

19    the Defence will also have ample time to prepare its cross-examination.

20    The Trial Chamber has accepted the fact that the cross-examination can

21    take place in September.

22            To sum up:  The six Defence counsel will have the possibility or

23    you can address us your submissions pursuant to Rule 94 bis before the

24    15th of June, and in the meantime, on Wednesday, we can hear this witness

25    and it will be the direct examination of this witness and the Defence

Page 2009

 1    counsel will have a few months to prepare the cross-examination of the

 2    witness.

 3            Does the Defence team have anything to say about this?  If the

 4    Defence team has nothing to say, I shall continue addressing the matter of

 5    expert reports.

 6            I shall give you the floor, Mr. Scott.  Just let me finish and

 7    I'll give you the floor.

 8            I had drawn the attention of the Prosecution on the following

 9    during the Status Conference:  I had indicated that between the beginning

10    of the trial and the summer recess that we would have very little time,

11    and that it would be better to call only one witness, one expert witness.

12    The expert witness was in fact Mr. Donia, it so happens, and you couldn't

13    organise it any other way.  You happen to be calling another expert

14    witness.  Why not?  But a third expert report has come in last week.  So I

15    would like to ask the Prosecution the following question:  Do you intend

16    to call this expert witness to testify on the 12th of July?  This is a

17    tall task for the Defence team because it has to prepare the

18    cross-examination of the expert witness who is going to come to testify on

19    Wednesday, the Defence team has to prepare the cross-examination of all

20    other witnesses also, and if in addition there is a third expert witness

21    who is also coming to -- calling to testify, maybe this is a little bit

22    much.  Is it really necessary to call this third expert witness before the

23    12th of July?

24            Mr. Scott, I think you wanted to take the floor.  Perhaps you can

25    answer all of these questions.

Page 2010

 1            MR. SCOTT:  Thank you, Mr. President.  Your Honours, good

 2    afternoon.  Let me start with the last question:  No, there is no

 3    intention to call a third expert between now and the summer recess.  It

 4    was simply a matter of disclosure.  So the Defence have plenty of time to

 5    plan for the future, but there is no intention to call that witness prior

 6    to the summer recess.

 7            The other matter that I rose to my feet concerning a moment ago

 8    was concerning Mr. Tomljanovich.  Your Honour, I raised last week when

 9    this issue came up whether the -- essentially, whether the Chamber would

10    entertain the notion of a rule in this particular set of circumstances by

11    which Mr. Tomljanovich would not be essentially, if you will, barred from

12    having communication with the Prosecution, or you might use the word

13    "sequestered," until such time as his cross-examination had begun,

14    because that, of course, is the normal time when, once Defence starts

15    putting questions to a witness, then the question arises, or the concern

16    arises that there should be no opportunity for the Prosecution to

17    influence the witness's potential answers once the cross-examination

18    begins.  As I indicated last week, obviously cross-examination now won't

19    begin until sometime later, and there is no risk or prejudice that can

20    arise from the Prosecution attempting to influence the witness since the

21    cross-examination has not started yet.  Having thought about this further

22    over the weekend, Your Honour, I think I must press the Chamber, with all

23    respect, to apply a rule in this case which would not in any way prevent

24    the Prosecution from having continuing contact with Mr. Tomljanovich

25    between the time that he finishes his direct examination and the time that

Page 2011

 1    he begins his cross-examination.  And from among other reasons are this,

 2    Your Honour:  Mr. Tomljanovich is a member of the Prosecution team.  We

 3    work with him on a number of items, on a given day on a week-to-week

 4    basis.  Some of these matters are so closely related I do not want to

 5    raise the possibility of someone making an allegation that we've spoken to

 6    him inappropriately on something that might be interpreted to be so

 7    closely related to his testimony that someone is going to raise the

 8    allegation that we have talked to him about his testimony.  As Your

 9    Honours can see from his expert report, he talks about many, many aspects

10    of the case, many dimensions of the case, and any number of which can

11    conceivably come up in the course of any set of daily discussions about

12    the case in general, about some other preparation of some other aspect of

13    the case, et cetera.  So under these particular circumstances, Your

14    Honours, I would -- I don't think the Prosecution can go forward with

15    putting Mr. Tomljanovich on the witness stand unless we can have a ruling

16    and understanding that there will be no bar -- no caution, no bar, to the

17    Prosecution continuing to speak with -- and work with Mr. Tomljanovich,

18    because we work with him on a daily basis, until the cross-examination

19    actually begins, albeit in September or whenever, and, of course, at that

20    time, of course, no contact.  But in the meantime -- in the interim time

21    period, Your Honour, I do not think it is workable and I think it raises

22    the opportunity for mischief, frankly, and allegations being made against

23    the Prosecution that something has been said that someone will

24    characterise as related to Mr. Tomljanovich's testimony.  So I would ask

25    the Court -- I'm asking the Court for a ruling that that -- any such

Page 2012

 1    caution or sequestration order not take affect until Mr. Tomljanovich's

 2    cross-examination begins.  Thank you.

 3            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] I shall give the floor to

 4    Mr. Karnavas, but as far as this particular point is concerned, before

 5    giving the floor to Mr. Karnavas, the Bench have discussed it.  As far as

 6    we are concerned, we don't see any impediment to this but we should

 7    mention the fact that there is no question that you or Mr. Mundis discuss

 8    with this expert witness who works with you on other topics, that you

 9    discuss his report, and the answers he has provided to your questions

10    during his examination-in-chief.  Of course, you can talk to him about the

11    weather and other cases and whatever; you name it.  That, of course, you

12    can do.  But there is no question of you telling him, "I have asked you

13    such and such a question.  You have answered in such a way.  During the

14    cross, you will have to provide a different answer."  This would be a

15    contempt, of course, and nobody would even think of it.  And I think all

16    attorneys and lawyers have understood it this way.

17            Mr. Karnavas, you would like to take the floor?

18            MR. KARNAVAS:  Yes, on this issue, and then I have other issues

19    that perhaps we can raise at -- later on but before the next witness comes

20    in.

21            First, I'm sure that no one on the side of the Prosecution will

22    attempt to influence the witness as to what to say on cross-examination

23    and changing their statement.  I take them at their bona fides.  They are

24    professional, so I don't see that as a problem.  The problem I do see,

25    however -- I'll slow down for the interpreters.  The problem I do see,

Page 2013

 1    however, is where Mr. Tomljanovich gives his direct examination, we have

 2    other witnesses coming in, now Mr. Tomljanovich is used as a resource to

 3    assist the Prosecution with respect to other witnesses.  Of course, all

 4    with a sense of tailoring, perhaps, their testimony to fit

 5    Mr. Tomljanovich's direct examination, and there lies the problem.  Now my

 6    heart goes out to it these folks, but let's face it, this trial was

 7    supposed to start in February.  In fact, when I first got in the case, it

 8    was last October.  We just got this report last week.  One might ask:  Why

 9    did it take them so long?  I don't want to go into perhaps there were

10    reasons that they wanted to frustrate the Defence.  I don't want to go

11    there, but the bottom line is we just received it.  And I can tell you

12    right now, Your Honours, I am going to need five days, minimum, of

13    cross-examination.  I'm going to be asking for that.  This is the entire

14    Prosecution case with respect to Mr. Prlic.  I desperately will need that

15    time and I desperately will need the time to go over that report because

16    Mr. Tomljanovich, unlike Mr. Donia, was pretty thorough in documenting his

17    positions, and so we will need to go through all of that.  So I think that

18    the problem with Mr. Tomljanovich is that it was -- their tardiness in

19    bringing their report to us.  Now they wish to put him on because they

20    need to fill a gap.  Fine.  If they want to hold off, that's fine too but

21    the bottom line is you can't put the Defence in a position where we might

22    be prejudiced.

23            One other thing with respect to expert witnesses, because I think

24    this is going to come up again.  The last report --

25            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Let me just interrupt you for a

Page 2014

 1    few minutes.  I would just like to finish off with Mr. Tomljanovich.  For

 2    the length of time you have asked for, we haven't discussed it yet and the

 3    Bench hasn't discussed it yet but we would let you know how much time you

 4    will have for your cross-examination.  But you have just raised an issue

 5    which I had not thought of.  You are telling us that this expert witness

 6    works together with the Prosecution and can also work with witnesses to

 7    be.  This is a real issue.

 8            Mr. Scott, this expert witness, is he going to be working with you

 9    in this case?  In other words, to prepare other witnesses?  Or is he going

10    to be disconnected until September from the -- from trial management and

11    he will be working on other things?  Because if he is preparing the

12    testimonies to come, and preparing the next witness, then there can be a

13    certain degree of interference.  I had understood you to say that this

14    expert witness was in broad terms working for the Prosecution but was not

15    specifically working on this case.  If he's one of your close associates

16    who is helping you to prepare the case and the examination-in-chief, this

17    may raise an issue.  Could you please fill us in on this, please.

18            MR. SCOTT:  Yes, Your Honour.  That was largely the point that I

19    was in fact trying to make and perhaps not well enough, in explaining the

20    unworkability, the unworkability of having Mr. Tomljanovich separated from

21    the team during this period of time.  Your Honour, in light of these

22    concerns that have been expressed and in light of these issues that have

23    been raised, we will not call Mr. Tomljanovich on Wednesday and we will

24    just delay his testimony to the future.  That means, however, we will have

25    no witnesses this week on Wednesday and Thursday.  Thank you.

Page 2015

 1            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well.  Well, at least in an

 2    adversarial system you are able to solve some problems.  We will not hear

 3    this witness on Wednesday.  Unfortunately, you cannot call another

 4    witness, can you?

 5            MR. SCOTT:  No, Your Honour, it's impossible for us to make other

 6    arrangements that quickly, I'm afraid.  We have worked very hard in the

 7    last week to find witnesses who can come.  I apologise for that.

 8            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Well, Mr. Karnavas is now

 9    satisfied.  You may proceed.

10            MR. KARNAVAS:  That gives me more time to make my record, Your

11    Honour.  As I was talking about experts, just to finish on that point,

12    General Pringle's expert is dated -- he signed it on the 26th of March

13    2006.  26th March, 2006.  We are into May right now, as I understand it.

14    The question is:  Why didn't we get this report earlier?  Now, the

15    Prosecution can say, well, maybe they weren't planning on calling him.

16    Nonetheless, the problem is if they have an expert, they know they are

17    going to use this expert, they have the report, it's a signed report by

18    the expert, why are they waiting until the last moment to give it to us?

19    It really poses a problem.  It's a problem of fairness, it's a problem of

20    equality of arms.  It is virtually impossible for us to be doing all of

21    these things at the same time; go through an expert's report, check all

22    the footnotes, check the resources.  These are experts that we need

23    experts to look over the expert reports.  That's how it's done.

24            So I just mention this for -- perhaps, you know, it was an

25    oversight, but -- perhaps this won't happen again, perhaps the Court may

Page 2016

 1    wish to issue an order.

 2            Next --

 3            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well.  Mr. Scott, I think

 4    fair play is no mean virtue.  The Defence team is asking you how come that

 5    a report dated the 26th of March was only recorded a few days ago.  Is

 6    there some administrative reason for this or was it just a lack of fair

 7    play?

 8            MR. SCOTT:  Your Honour, it was just lack of -- lack of attention

 9    to it, if you will, in the sense of inadvertence.  It had not been

10    displayed earlier.  I'm not sure why this is a basis of complaint at this

11    juncture.  I've just indicated a few moments ago this witness will not be

12    called until sometime next fall.  I cannot imagine any possible prejudice

13    to the accused.  You know, believe it or not, the Prosecution is also

14    working very, very hard and has many issues to deal with on a day-to-day

15    basis.  Mr. Pringle's report didn't go out earlier.  We sent it out last

16    week, fully knowing - fully knowing - that he would not be coming for some

17    number of months. So I think the Defence has adequate time to prepare,

18    under the circumstances.

19            MR. KARNAVAS:  If I may just respond to that because I think

20    perhaps there is a different way of doing things --

21            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Just a minute, please,

22    Mr. Karnavas.  I think we've settled the issue.  You have asked your

23    question.  The Prosecution has answered your question.  Let's move on to

24    another issue now, please.  So which is the other issue you would like to

25    raise?

Page 2017

 1            MR. KARNAVAS:  Very well.  But I'm coming back to this particular

 2    issue because in preparing for a Defence, Your Honour, you need to prepare

 3    it completely, not in snippets.  That's my point.

 4            My next point was Mr. Donia.  Obviously I'm highly disappointed

 5    that the report is coming in, albeit you're going to be giving it some

 6    weight at some other point of time, but I must express for the record

 7    certain concerns:  One, there was the issue that we were not allotted

 8    sufficient time.  This is an expert report.  I can state on the record

 9    with full responsibility that this particular Defence team, my team alone,

10    spent literally hundreds of hours preparing for Donia's cross-examination.

11    We were limited to about 3 and a half hours.  I was wondering over the

12    weekend why am I preparing a case if I'm not going to be allowed to fully

13    challenge each and every word that the report has in it?  So I had to gut

14    my cross-examination.  It was very disjointed.  I have here what I would

15    like to put on the record, or make part of the record, on an ex parte

16    basis, an outline of my cross-examination, ex parte in the sense that the

17    Prosecution should not be able to have my theory or -- of how I was going

18    to challenge Mr. Donia, since I wasn't allowed to cross-examine him on

19    several areas.  I don't know how to go about it but that's something to

20    consider.

21            Secondly with respect to Mr. Donia, I thought it was

22    inappropriate, and I say this with all due respect but I cannot find any

23    other word to describe it, but I thought it was inappropriate for a member

24    of the Bench to comment to the witness that they found the report to be a

25    good report when in fact the witness was still being -- hadn't been fully

Page 2018

 1    cross-examined by all the Defence.  I can only assume that it was to

 2    comfort the witness.  After all, the witness was under attack by the

 3    Defence for a day and a half, and so I think the comment was not meant in

 4    any particular fashion; however, from the Defence standpoint, I can assure

 5    that it generated a big deal --

 6            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Karnavas.

 7            MR. KARNAVAS:  Yes, sir.

 8            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Karnavas, the witness

 9    Mr. Donia came here to testify before this Trial Chamber, or rather, came

10    to this Tribunal to testify eight times already.  He testified in eight

11    different trials.  It's up to you to do what you wish.  Of course you can

12    challenge his work, report or his competence.  But as I've told you

13    previously, the fact that some expert report is tendered into evidence

14    doesn't mean that the Trial Chamber will fully rely on it.  In addition to

15    that, you yourself have a chance to challenge that report in your

16    submissions.  When other witnesses come, you will have a chance to point

17    out through these other witnesses precisely why in your view this report

18    was bad.  You can bring in your own expert witnesses who will testify

19    differently.  So please don't let this upset you, the fact that somebody

20    said that this was a good report.  Don't confuse the quality of report and

21    quality work put in report and the probative value of a report.  Please

22    don't let yourself be upset about it.

23            The second issue has to do with time.  All of us would like to

24    have more time available to us, however we are all faced with temporal

25    limitations.  We cannot give you an unlimited amount of time.  When you

Page 2019

 1    cross-examined this witness, you used up about an hour and a half in

 2    dealing with questions which were perhaps interesting but, given that you

 3    were aware of the lack of time, you could have abbreviated your

 4    cross-examination.  This is your strategy.  This is your line of defence.

 5    You chose not to abbreviate it.  But as the trial goes on, you will have

 6    an opportunity to challenge everything that this witness said.  I'm

 7    reminding you once again that we are not here to decide about the history

 8    but, rather, to decide on relevant issues in this trial.  Let me remind

 9    you that in the Blaskic judgement, the testimony of Dr. Donia was

10    mentioned only in two footnotes, so please don't ignore this fact.  You

11    may proceed.

12            MR. KARNAVAS:  Mr. President, I'm not ignoring the fact and I'm

13    very cognizant and mindful of the special rules of evidence that we have

14    here.  I am.  But for me to challenge, I cannot challenge through other

15    witnesses if I don't have, for instance, the facilities or the means to

16    hire experts in my case.  There is a presumption that somehow we are going

17    to be able to have these resources to challenge.  And I raise this issue

18    with Donia because when it comes to other witnesses, such as Tomljanovich,

19    I dare say if strict limitations are placed, we are going to be faced with

20    a quandary here:  Can we serve the interests of the Security Council and

21    the interests of justice in the same time?  And I don't think that those

22    are irreconcilable at this point, if we have a strict time line.  Now, I

23    had proposed that Donia not appear and his report not come in because I

24    thought he's not relevant to the case, but I was overruled on that.  But

25    be that as it may, I take your point, Mr. President, but nonetheless, I do

Page 2020

 1    have an outline I would like to make part of the record with respect to

 2    Mr. Donia.

 3            The next thing is some -- that I wanted to bring up are some

 4    technical issues, just very briefly.  There are some technical issues:  No

 5    access to -- remote access to LiveNote, no remote access to exhibits.

 6    There is an issue with the 65 ter exhibits, 9.500 of them, technical

 7    issues that impact us.  I just raise that because I'm hoping that the

 8    Trial Chamber will look into this, and of course, if we are fumbling on

 9    this end, it's only because we are trying to work with everybody else in

10    resolving these issues.  And I'm not blaming anyone, I'm just stating that

11    for the record.

12            Lastly, it goes to the next witness who is about to appear.  I

13    wanted to raise a couple of issues.  One, we received today some witness

14    information, a witness statement.  It's not much, but nonetheless we

15    received it today.  I'm not going to belabour the point.  Normally I

16    would, but I'm not.  There are two particular videos, that I'm aware of,

17    at least.  One is an interview taken by my client.  Obviously, I have no

18    objections to that entire interview coming in in its entirety, and if that

19    was the -- if that's the only thing that comes in, I certainly have

20    nothing to ask this witness.  With respect to the other video, however,

21    it's a montage, it's snippets of interviews of various people, including

22    something taken out of context from my client.  There is footage.  There

23    is all this dramatic language involved.  We don't have the full and

24    complete text of everyone who was interviewed.  So, for instance, the late

25    President Tudjman, we don't have the full text.  Or Boban or Susak or the

Page 2021

 1    others.  It's a montage, we believe -- or at least I believe, that there

 2    is no probative value to this video.  It's only prejudicial.  There is

 3    absolutely nothing from which you can draw from other than it's a

 4    something that is for public audience, it has a particular point of view,

 5    it's slanted, and it is certainly not evidence worthy of being in any

 6    Tribunal anywhere in the world.  Therefore, I would move at this point in

 7    time that before the witness -- before we see this video, that the

 8    Prosecution put forward questions in order to establish a foundation as to

 9    why this video is worthy and then give us perhaps the opportunity to raise

10    this issue again, but I move that the video not be shown, that it not be

11    admitted, that it's inadmissible because it's more prejudicial than

12    probative, and that if that video doesn't in, then obviously I have no

13    real cross-examination at all to do.  But if it does come in, then it puts

14    us again back into that time frame situation.  I would have to go and

15    challenge virtually every sentence that this woman says on this video.

16    And also, it puts me at a great disadvantage because I don't have the full

17    transcript of the late President Tudjman or the late Susak or the late

18    Boban to see in what context they were speaking when they made those

19    remarks.  In fact, we don't have a transcript at all of any of these

20    folks, and there are other -- two other or three other or five other

21    individuals that are questioned.  We don't have transcripts for any one of

22    them.  So based on those reasons, we are being prejudiced, it shouldn't

23    come in Your Honour, and we could save a lot of time by simply admitting

24    the one full interview of my client and we can thank the young lady -- or

25    the lady - I don't know how old she is - but we can thank her and she can

Page 2022

 1    go on her business.  Thank you.

 2            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Just a minute, Mr. Kovacic.  I

 3    will give you the floor, but prior to that I would like to hear from

 4    Mr. Scoot.  Mr. Karnavas raised a problem here, and if I understood him

 5    well, there are two videotapes that you intend to play.  The Defence

 6    believes that there could be problems regarding something contained on one

 7    of the tapes because this is actually a montage, a videotape containing

 8    several different clips, and certain things have been taken out of

 9    context, because all of these clips were edited and then put together.  So

10    what is your intention?  Do you intend to first examine the witness and

11    then play the tape, or how do you intend to proceed regarding this?

12            I see that it's going to be you, Mr. Mundis.  Please go ahead.

13            MR. MUNDIS:  Thank you, Mr. President.  The Prosecution was

14    planning on laying a foundation, asking the witness precisely how it was

15    that she came about to produce this film.  It's basically a documentary,

16    what we might call a documentary.  She went, and she will explain to you

17    how she went and interviewed people and shot video contemporaneously in

18    the late autumn of 1993, how she had edited this together and produced

19    this television show which was then aired on a British television network.

20    We were planning on laying the foundation for that.  It's not a lengthy

21    foundation, but it's a foundation nevertheless.  We would then ask the

22    videotape be played.

23            The issues raised by my learned colleague Mr. Karnavas go to

24    weight and not to admissibility.  That is, that the issues that he's put

25    forward before you go to, again, the issue what weight you might give to

Page 2023

 1    that videotape.  The items, the issues that he's raised concerning the

 2    bias, if you will, of the witness, to use a shorthand term for what

 3    Mr. Karnavas has described, that's clearly an issue for cross-examination.

 4    The witness can be cross-examined on any bias that she may have had.

 5    These are all issues, Your Honour, that can be addressed in

 6    cross-examination.  And again, just because something is contained in a

 7    videotape doesn't mean that the Chamber will give it a great deal of

 8    weight.  It's contextual.  It goes to providing the Trial Chamber at this

 9    early stage in these proceedings with an overview.  That's all it is,

10    Mr. President.  It's a 50-minute, 45-minute long documentary that was

11    produced for British television.

12            MR. KARNAVAS:  Mr. President --

13            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Karnavas.

14            MR. KARNAVAS:  Mr. President, I was going to ask the question:

15    What's the relevance?  And I guess I heard it:  This is an overview.  The

16    title of it is "A Greater Croatia."  Now, if that's not a result-oriented,

17    you know, documentary, if you want to call it that, I don't know what is.

18    I can assure you that when my client was approached and signed a waiver,

19    he wasn't aware of the title of it, and that certainly wasn't the case,

20    and I agree with my learned colleague Mr. Mundis that just about anything

21    can come in and then we sort it out at the end, but here, I think one of

22    the fundamental principles of keeping certain evidence out is whether it's

23    more prejudicial than probative, and if it has no probative value -- and I

24    suggest, Your Honours, it has zero probative value, and it doesn't give

25    context, because when you see the video, it doesn't present a balanced

Page 2024

 1    point of view, so what kind of context does it give?  And if they are

 2    going to lay a foundation through the witness, then I'd ask Your Honours

 3    that before we even see the video, that I would be permitted to do what

 4    they call a voir dire to pose questions to the witness specific to the

 5    issue of foundation.  Not into contents but strictly issues of foundation

 6    and then you can make a determination as to whether the video should be

 7    played or not.  I'm confident that when you see the video, and even if

 8    it's admitted, you're not going to give it any evidentiary value, or any

 9    weight.  I'm confident of that.  But I'm saying that I don't think that we

10    should bringing in all this sort of inflammatory footage simply because

11    it's convenient or because somehow it fits the Prosecution's theory.  It's

12    not a balanced documentary.

13            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] There are two sets of rules when

14    it comes to video material.  One type of video material is the one that

15    can be introduced when the witness itself was a director or interviewed

16    the person, and then that witness is expected to say well on such-and-such

17    day, you taped this footage, or you interviewed this person, and this is

18    how it is confirmed.  So that's one way that this can be done.

19            The other way is that sometimes video material is introduced into

20    evidence even though we don't have the director, cameraman, or the

21    journalist.  However, this material is nevertheless relevant if it

22    pertains to an event covered by the indictment.  This is why it is

23    relevant.  As for its probative value, this is something that the Judges

24    will decide upon after hearing both sides.  We will decide on the

25    probative value at the very end.  In all trials, there are numerous video

Page 2025

 1    tapes that are tendered into evidence, or photographs, and then at the

 2    end, you will see that 5 per cent or less of them are actually relied

 3    upon.  They are only sometimes mentioned in the footnotes.  And it is only

 4    sometimes that they are relied upon.

 5            Mr. Karnavas, you touched upon the relevant issues.  First of all,

 6    we haven't heard the witness, and second, we haven't seen the video

 7    material, so how are the Judges supposed to know this in advance?  In

 8    addition to that, another judge would like to address you.

 9            JUDGE TRECHSEL:  You are quite well aware of this, but it is

10    important, that this is a professional Bench and we do not have a jury.

11    So a jury might be impressed by seeing a video and are not able then to

12    take a critical distance, but I hope you trust that these professional

13    judges are able to look at the video and all the time think, "We'll see

14    what it's worth."

15            MR. KARNAVAS:  That's precisely.  If I had a jury, if it was in

16    front of a jury, I can see why they would want to sneak in something like

17    that to prejudice and inflame the passions of the jury.  But we don't.  We

18    have dispassionate judges.  That's why I don't see why they would bring in

19    something that has no value.  That's precisely my point.  I am fully

20    confident of this Bench.

21            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Yes, Mr. Kovacic.

22            MR. KOVACIC:  Even though I agree with almost everything

23    Mr. Karnavas said, but I don't think that actually he represents the

24    entire Defence here, so I will also -- I would like to add two or three

25    minor issues here.  If I may.

Page 2026

 1            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Please go ahead.

 2            MR. KOVACIC:  [Microphone not activated]

 3            THE INTERPRETER:  Microphone, please.

 4            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] I apologise.  Perhaps I cut you

 5    off.

 6            MR. KOVACIC:  It's working now?  [Interpretation] It seems to be

 7    working now.  As for the expert witness Tomljanovich, I fully support

 8    everything said by the Defence of Mr. Prlic.  I don't think I need to add

 9    anything there.  However, in view of some questions raised by the

10    Honourable Trial Chamber, I would like to say this as I don't know whether

11    the Chamber is informed about this, based on the discussion.

12            I remember, on the basis of reading some witness statements,

13    witnesses who were called in and interviewed in this case.  These were

14    witnesses who were called here as suspects, called here and examined by

15    the Prosecution, and Mr. Tomljanovich was present in a large number of

16    such examinations.  Based on what I heard from suspects and witnesses -

17    and I think that this can be found in certain records that we received -

18    Mr. Tomljanovich occasionally took a very direct part in such

19    examinations.  My question now is whether the role of Mr. Tomljanovich is

20    limited to what was portrayed here by the Prosecution or is

21    Mr. Tomljanovich so involved in the Prosecution work that it makes no

22    difference whether one of the prosecutors will come to testify here or

23    Mr. Tomljanovich himself.  I'm not saying this is a completely identical

24    situation but it is a fact that it is very, very close and it would be as

25    though I proposed my co-counsel, Ms. Nika Pinter, as a witness here

Page 2027

 1    because she's been so involved in this case that she's obviously an expert

 2    here.  And I don't think that I could do this in view of many formal,

 3    legal limitations.

 4            On the other hand, the Prosecution is proposing that one of their

 5    own, a member of their team, be called here to testify.  I think this goes

 6    against some basic rules, safeguarding fairness of the trial.

 7            But we don't need to go into this now because this witness is not

 8    coming, after all, this week and perhaps we will be submitting our

 9    position in writing.

10            As far as expert witness Tomljanovich is concerned, my formal

11    proposal is that he not be allowed to come here to testify as expert

12    witness and that, likewise, his expert report not be admitted into

13    evidence.

14  (redacted)

15  (redacted)

16  (redacted)

17  (redacted) The witnesses

18    scheduled for the 22nd and 23rd.  I'm not going to mention any names.

19            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] No names were shown in the

20    transcript.  Was that what you wanted to intervene about, Mr. Mundis?

21            MR. MUNDIS:  No, Mr. President, actually, I'm just wondering if we

22    need to be raising a number of administrative issues right now, given than

23    we will have some time later this week that's now available because

24    Mr. Tomljanovich will not be testifying, while at the same time we have a

25    witness whose -- who was expecting to start her testimony at 2.15 and --

Page 2028

 1            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] All right.  Please go ahead,

 2    Mr. Kovacic, but speed up, please.

 3            MR. KOVACIC: [Interpretation] Very briefly, Your Honours.  Here in

 4    the courtroom on Thursday last week, the Prosecution gave us a new

 5    calendar.  It caught us unprepared.  We were unable to verify it.  I

 6    wasn't going to object about these witnesses coming one day before they

 7    come, and today was the first day when I was able to object because today

 8    was the first day that I was able to look at the calendar.  So these

 9    witnesses scheduled for Monday and Tuesday next week, 22nd and 23rd, are

10    not listed in the second table where we have more detailed information

11    about the witnesses coming before summer recess.

12            They were put on the list of viva voce witnesses, the annex that

13    came in with the pre-trial brief, but they were not put on the other

14    list.  So a week before they are scheduled to come, we are being told that

15    these witnesses are coming and we were not expecting them before summer

16    recess.  So this caught us unprepared.

17            MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours, by your leave, just

18    two sentences concerning the expert witness Tomljanovich.  I believe that

19    the jurisprudence of this Court as well as the Court in Rwanda is telling

20    us that the person employed in the OTP cannot be considered a biased

21    witness a priori and should not be banned on the basis of that.  However,

22    I think that there are plenty of cases showing that a person working for

23    the Prosecution and involved in the case can be viewed with -- more

24    thoroughly.  I think that there is bias with this witness, and I agree

25    with what my colleagues before me said, both Mr. Karnavas and Mr. Kovacic.

Page 2029

 1      I think that this witness is a biased witness and we should view him as

 2    such.

 3            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] All right.  We are going to

 4    discuss this among the Judges.  We have two more issues to discuss but we

 5    will go into private session first.

 6                          [Private session]

 7  (redacted)

 8  (redacted)

 9  (redacted)

10  (redacted)

11  (redacted)

12  (redacted)

13  (redacted)

14  (redacted)

15  (redacted)

16  (redacted)

17  (redacted)

18  (redacted)

19  (redacted)

20  (redacted)

21  (redacted)

22  (redacted)

23  (redacted)

24  (redacted)

25  (redacted)

Page 2030

1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 6 

 7 

 8 

 9 

10 

11    Pages 2030-2031 redacted. Private session.

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

Page 2032

 1  (redacted)

 2  (redacted)

 3  (redacted)

 4  (redacted)

 5                          [Open Session]

 6            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] We resume the hearing.  Good

 7    afternoon, Madam.  You have been called to testify by the Prosecution.

 8    Before you read the solemn declaration, I would like to ask you a number

 9    of questions to -- for you to introduce yourself.  Could you give us your

10    first name, last name, your date of birth and place of birth.

11            THE WITNESS:  My name is Belinda Giles.  My place of birth is

12    Paris, France.  And your other question was?  I'm sorry.

13            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Your date of birth.

14            THE WITNESS:  9th of the 6th, 1958.

15            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] What is your profession?

16            THE WITNESS:  I am currently a student.  I was a television

17    producer.

18            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Madam, have you testified before

19    on the events that took place in ex-Yugoslavia before an international

20    Tribunal or a national Tribunal or is this the first time you're

21    testifying?

22            THE WITNESS:  This is the first time I'm testifying.

23            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well.  Would you go ahead

24    and read the solemn declaration now, please.

25            THE WITNESS:  I solemnly declare that I will speak the truth, the

Page 2033

 1    whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

 2            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Madam.  Please be

 3    seated.  As I said a moment ago, Madam, you're now going to be answering

 4    questions put to you by the Prosecution, which is sitting to your right.

 5    And this will be the first stage during the afternoon.  And afterwards,

 6    the Defence teams and the Defence counsel of the accused sitting to your

 7    left will be asking you questions.  There are quite a lot of them.  A few

 8    of them will be asking you questions on the basis of what we call in

 9    common law the cross-examination, and you will be able to see that the

10    types of questions will be different than those asked you by the

11    Prosecution.  The Judges sitting in front of you, the four judges opposite

12    you, can, if they deem necessary in the interests of justice, also ask you

13    questions.

14            If you have any difficulty of any kind, please let us know.  We

15    are here to help you.  If you don't understand the meaning of a question,

16    ask the question to be reformulated, asked again.  And if you need some

17    time to think before you answer, please do so, so that we can hear your

18    testimony in the best possible conditions.

19            Once we have started the examination-in-chief, we will be working

20    for one and a half hours and then we'll take a break to give you a chance

21    to rest for about 20 minutes and then we'll reconvene and we will finish

22    today by 7 p.m.

23            Having said that, I'm going to turn to the Prosecution to give

24    them the floor.  It is Mr. Mundis.  You have the floor, sir.

25            MR. MUNDIS:  Thank you, Mr. President.

Page 2034

 1                          WITNESS:  BELINDA GILES

 2                          Examination by Mr. Mundis:

 3       Q.   Good afternoon, Ms. Giles.

 4       A.   Good afternoon.

 5       Q.   You answered in response to a question of the Presiding Judge that

 6    you had formerly been a television producer.  Can you please tell us what

 7    that job entails.

 8       A.   In my case, I was an independent television producer, working for

 9    my own company, and my job was to come up with ideas which I then sold to

10    broadcasters, in the U.K. primarily.  And if they were interested in the

11    subjects that I proposed, these broadcasters would then give me money to

12    go and fund a project that I would then make which would then be broadcast

13    on the appropriate channel that had funded it.

14       Q.   Can you tell us a little bit about the day-to-work work of a

15    television producer.  What exactly do television producers do?

16       A.   Well, television producers work -- I mean, particularly

17    independent television producers work across a variety of different tasks.

18    As I've just explained, it's -- there is a lot of development of new

19    ideas.  Once an idea has been sold to a broadcaster, it's a matter of

20    putting the ideas that you have suggested into reality by researching the

21    project, then filming it, then editing it and preparing it for broadcast

22    on television.

23       Q.   Ms. Giles, of these various constituent parts of the television

24    production business - that is filming, editing, preparing for broadcast,

25    researching - how much of that did you actually do?

Page 2035

 1       A.   Well, again, there are no hard and fast rules but I would normally

 2    do everything, every part, or certainly have a major role in every part.

 3    I might have a cameraman who would shoot the actual pictures but I would

 4    almost invariably be there to direct the pictures and make sure that we

 5    had got the right material that I needed.  I would have an editor who

 6    would actually technically put the material together but it would be me

 7    who would be in charge of determining in what way those were put together,

 8    the script; you know, all the details that ended up on the final -- on the

 9    screen in the end.

10       Q.   And who would conduct the interviews?

11       A.   Again, it depends, but I would often conduct the interviews.  It

12    depends in what circumstances you're working with.  You can be working

13    with a well-known television presenter who would do the interviews, it can

14    be the director who can do the interviews; it just varies according to

15    project.

16       Q.   What type of training or education did you have to enter this

17    profession?

18       A.   I started my career in television in the BBC.  I was what's called

19    a graduate trainee, which means that I had a degree in history and I

20    applied to the BBC to join them on a graduate trainee programme for two

21    years.  I started with 12 other people who had similar degrees, not only

22    in history but across the range of academic subjects, and I was trained on

23    the job as a researcher initially, then as an assistant producer, and then

24    I became a producer and a director.

25       Q.   And how long did you remain at the BBC?

Page 2036

 1       A.   I was there from 1979 to 1986.

 2       Q.   And what did you begin doing in 1986?

 3       A.   I then became a freelance producer, working for various different

 4    companies, and in 1988, I would say, I set up my own production company to

 5    do my own projects.

 6       Q.   What was the name of your production company?

 7       A.   It was called Sole Purpose Productions.

 8       Q.   And how many persons were employed by Sole Purpose Productions?

 9       A.   Well, initially, it was just me, but by the end -- I closed the

10    company four years ago.  By the end, we had about 50 people working.

11       Q.   What are some of the projects or films that were produced by Sole

12    Purpose Productions?

13       A.   We did a whole range of stuff across that time, from documentary

14    to historical things, to political, foreign affairs.  I suppose if there

15    is one thing I particularly majored on was projects about the former

16    Yugoslavia.  I did eight films in all about the former Yugoslavia.

17       Q.   Why did you do so many films about the former Yugoslavia?

18       A.   I became very interested in it, and I went there initially at the

19    beginning of the war to make a film about refugees, and I just became very

20    absorbed by the whole -- the politics, the war; everything.  The people.

21    It was -- it became a passion for me.

22       Q.   What -- what were these people, the first film that you've told us

23    about, refugees, who were these people and refugees from where or from

24    whom?

25       A.   Well, I was asked by the BBC to make a film about the nature of

Page 2037

 1    suffering and I made a film really based all over Bosnia and Croatia, not

 2    in Serbia at that time, just about what the experience of leaving your

 3    home, losing everything, was like.  It wasn't a political film at all.  It

 4    was an emotional film about -- about what people were undergoing at that

 5    very time.  It was in late 1992, so it was sort of -- it was at the height

 6    of the cleansing.

 7       Q.   When you say "cleansing," who was doing this cleansing?

 8       A.   At that point, it was the Serb cleansing.

 9       Q.   And who were the victims?

10       A.   The victims, we had -- we featured a lot of Croatian victims.  A

11    lot of Croatian victims.  I would say probably a majority of Croatian

12    victims, actually, who had been cleansed out of Northern Bosnia and

13    Central Bosnia, and also Croats who had actually, you know, obviously had

14    to leave their own areas in Croatia.  And there were also -- we featured

15    quite a lot of Muslim refugees who were at that time being cleansed out of

16    Central Bosnia.

17       Q.   Ms. Giles, what was the second film that you made about the former

18    Yugoslavia?

19       A.   The second film was a film called "A Greater Croatia," which we

20    made for channel 4 television.

21       Q.   Can you briefly tell us not about this film yet, because I'll come

22    back to that, but about the other six films you made about the former

23    Yugoslavia.

24       A.   I made two films about the International War Crimes Tribunal here.

25    One was about the first case, Dusko Tadic, about how he had become the

Page 2038

 1    first person to stand trial at The Hague, the sort of judicial system that

 2    had been set up to try him, and how he came to be the first defendant, and

 3    his own background in Bosnia.

 4            I then did another film about the -- after the Tadic trial,

 5    examining the process and how it had been carried out.

 6            I did a film about the Serbs and the nature of the Serbs called

 7    "The Corridor."  It was at a time when sort of the maps were yet again

 8    being redrawn and it broadly focused on the route, it was a sort of road

 9    movie, from Belgrade through to Knin.

10            And I did another film, again with a collaboration of the

11    International War Crimes Tribunal, following from day one the excavation

12    of the mass grave at Vukovar, which went from, as I say, day 1 through to

13    DNA identification in the morgue.  That was a long film that won many

14    awards.

15       Q.   Okay.  Let's return now to the film, "A Greater Croatia."  Can you

16    tell us how the idea for that film was formulated?

17       A.   Well, in the first film that I have described, the one about

18    refugees, we had been to Herzegovina and I think we had also spent some

19    time in Zagreb.  It was an area that we were, as I say, very interested in

20    by that time.  And it was not me that came up with the idea.  It was my

21    colleague, Paulette Farsides, who had a great -- who had been a journalist

22    out there, and she suggested that we look at what was going on in

23    Herzegovina as the mini-state of Herceg-Bosna was being set up.  And we

24    sold this idea to channel 4, to look at the sort of complexity of whether

25    the mini-state that was being set up was really for the Croats of Bosnia

Page 2039

 1    generally or whether it was for the Croats of Bosnia in Herzegovina, and

 2    to look at that tension, and to look also at the fact that whilst the

 3    Serbs were kind of being targeted as the people who were doing the real

 4    really bad things in Yugoslavia, whether the Croats were getting away with

 5    similar sorts of crimes whilst the world's media wasn't able to focus on

 6    another element of this very complicated conflict.  So we put this forward

 7    to channel 4 as a proposal and they immediately went for it and asked us

 8    to leave.  I think we left within a week.  As you can imagine, it was a

 9    fast-breaking story.  There was a lot going on at this period.  So we went

10    out there pretty quickly to start filming.

11       Q.   Can you tell us a little bit about the filming process for "A

12    Greater Croatia"?  Where did you go?  Whom did you interview?

13       A.   We spent some time in Zagreb.  We interviewed President Tudjman

14    and we interviewed Mr. Susak, who was then the defence minister.  We also

15    interviewed some people.  We interviewed, I remember, Bilandzic and Slaven

16    Letica, who were people who had been part of the sort of Tudjman

17    entourage, particularly, I think, Bilandzic, but had fallen out with him

18    and were quite revealing about the intentions of some elements of the

19    Croatian government, I think particularly President Tudjman.

20            We then travelled down to the region, to Herzegovina, and we

21    filmed all over the place but mostly in Capljina where we had been before

22    on the project, the previous project, and we had come to know the mayor

23    and so he gave us access to places that we wouldn't have had otherwise.

24    And shall I go on?

25       Q.   Yes, please.

Page 2040

 1       A.   And we also went to Mostar.  We went to both West Mostar and East

 2    Mostar.  I went to West Mostar under the auspices of the UN, in an

 3    armoured convoy with the Spanish Battalion that were stationed there at

 4    the time.  And I went to -- sorry, I went to East Mostar in that way, and

 5    I went to West Mostar in a -- just an ordinary van.  We went two or three

 6    times to film there, and -- yes, that's what we did.

 7       Q.   When did you first go to Herzegovina to produce this film?

 8       A.   Well, the exact date I'm not completely sure because it was around

 9    the first or the second week of November of 1993.  And I'm pretty sure

10    that the first time I went into Mostar itself was the day that the bridge

11    fell, because obviously there was a lot of talk about the bridge, and it

12    had already had -- did have quite a symbolic value, and I remember when we

13    arrived in Mostar, the news was already out the bridge has fallen, the

14    bridge has fallen, and it was a great shock to everybody, although there

15    were very few people on the streets, but I remember that, that it was a

16    great shock to everybody.

17       Q.   And Ms. Giles, just for the record, when you refer to the bridge,

18    which bridge are you talking about?

19       A.   I mean the old bridge, the old Ottoman bridge.

20       Q.   How long did it take you to produce this film or create this film?

21       A.   Again, I cannot be completely sure, but I think we were in the

22    region -- we also went to Sarajevo, and it was very complicated to go to

23    Sarajevo because we had to sort of fly out and fly in with the UN.  I

24    think the whole thing, we were there for probably three weeks in all,

25    maybe a bit longer, maybe four weeks, and then we came home and we had to

Page 2041

 1    put it together probably in another three weeks.  So it was probably a

 2    maximum of six to eight weeks, I would say.

 3       Q.   And Ms. Giles, when you say "we," who worked for you on this

 4    project?

 5       A.   There was me, I was the director, and then I had Paulette

 6    Farsides, who I've already mentioned, who had had the idea for the

 7    programme.  I had a cameraman called David Bailey, and a local translator

 8    who was from Zagreb, who was a colleague from Zagreb.

 9       Q.   And who did you interview, if anyone, during the time period you

10    were in Mostar?

11       A.   I only interviewed Jadranko Prlic.

12       Q.   Do you recall the circumstances under which this interview was

13    arranged?

14       A.   I can't be precise about it.  I have a feeling that it was

15    arranged through the office of Mate Boban, who we had also interviewed in

16    Grude, but it may have been the other way around.  It may have been that

17    we interviewed Mr. Prlic first and then Mr. Boban, I can't remember.

18       Q.   Can you tell us a little bit about how that interview started?

19       A.   I don't really remember how the interview started.  I remember we

20    turned up and Mr. Prlic welcomed us.  He was very easy.  He wanted to do

21    the interview in English, which was helpful for me because it's always

22    easier interviewing someone in your own language.  We turned up in his

23    office, and it was away from the front line, and I was very frightened by

24    being in Mostar at all.  I can't really remember any other details.

25       Q.   Can you tell us a little bit about the three- to four-week period

Page 2042

 1    that you spent putting the film together, following the time you were in

 2    Herzegovina.

 3       A.   I remember it being a very complicated -- it's a very complicated

 4    story, as I'm sure you will understand, to convey to an audience in

 5    Britain who were already extremely confused by Bosnian Croats, Bosnian

 6    Serbs.  All the details were very dense, and we were trying to make this

 7    even more complicated story, where you have funny names like Herceg-Bosna

 8    coming in, and Herzegovina.  People had just got used to the idea of

 9    Bosnia and Serbia and Croatia, and what was this new entity?  And trying

10    to get that across and trying to explain the complexities of the story, as

11    I said already; the whole idea of the Croats of middle -- Central Bosnia

12    being sacrificed for the sort of interests of Herzegovina.  I remember

13    having a lot of discussions about how we could actually put this across in

14    a way that was understandable to a lay audience, and structuring it so

15    that it had a kind of dynamic appeal that would interest an audience.  It

16    was very difficult in what was really a very short time, because channel 4

17    wanted to get it out.  It was a story that was happening then and there

18    and they didn't want it to become outdated.

19       Q.   And Ms. Giles, who worked on this phase, that is the final

20    assembly and putting together of the movie?

21       A.   It was me and my colleague, Paulette Farsides, who I've already

22    mentioned, and we had an editor - I cannot remember her name - but she, as

23    I think I've already explained, editors play a part in the editorial

24    process because their input is valuable but she is really in charge of the

25    technology to make sure the pictures and the sound work rather than the

Page 2043

 1    sort of editorial structure.  So the editorial structure was me and my

 2    colleague and, of course, the editors at channel 4 who had the -- who we

 3    were doing the work for, so they had their input as well at certain

 4    stages.

 5       Q.   And do you recall approximately when "A Greater Croatia" aired on

 6    channel 4?

 7       A.   I would say that it was before Christmas.  I would say it was the

 8    middle of December but I may be completely wrong.  It may have been early

 9    in January, but I think it was -- I think it was the end of December.

10       Q.   And the year?

11       A.   1993.

12            MR. MUNDIS:  Mr. President, at this point in time we would ask

13    that the film "A Greater Croatia" be played in court.  It has been

14    previously marked, I believe, as P 07437.  My case manager reminds me to

15    say this, it is in Sanction.

16                          [Videotape played]

17            "On Dispatches tonight, the unreported story of the Bosnian war.

18    How the Croatian government has shared in the carve-up of Bosnia just as

19    it always intended, and how it's got away with it. Tonight, as the Croats

20    meet to talk peace with their former Muslim allies in Vienna, Dispatches

21    reveals the secret protocols that betrayed those same Muslims.  That's

22    Dispatches:  How the Croats have created a brand new country in Bosnia

23    just for themselves and how the West has turned a blind eye to a Greater

24    Croatia.

25            "Capljina, a town in Herceg-Bosna, a new country few people have

Page 2044

 1    ever heard of but a country that's determined to put itself on the

 2    European map.  Herceg-Bosna is the mini-state that Croats have carved out

 3    of what was once Bosnia and now Capljina's mayor, Pero Markovic, can look

 4    forward to a brave new world.

 5            "[Interpretation] In the future, I hope that together with the

 6    world, with the help of the world, and all those who want to experience

 7    life in a democracy, we are part of Europe and we want to be like them.

 8    We must rebuild our lives.  We want to educate ourselves.  And we must get

 9    ready to take our place in Europe, where we belong.

10            "[In English] Before Herceg-Bosna can take its place in Europe

11    towns like Capljina have a lot of work to do.  Not just repairing the

12    damage caused by the Serb attack 18 months ago but also removing the

13    traces of a second, more chilling battle.  Capljina seems to be getting

14    back to normal but scratch beneath the surface and everything has changed.

15    One in four of the town's population has left.  They didn't choose to go.

16    Six months ago, Capljina was sealed off by the militia, street by street,

17    block by block, a quarter of the town's people were loaded into buses and

18    driven away.  They were all Muslims.  This was the final step in a

19    campaign of persecution which began when Muslim cafes and shops were

20    looted and destroyed.  Herceg-Bosna has not emerged by accident.  The

21    setting up of this state is the realisation of a long-term plan.  Today

22    all the players in the Capljina football team are Croats.  They play

23    beneath the Croatian chequerboard flag.  The story of how the Serbs carved

24    out their chunk of Bosnia is well known.  The Croats have now done the

25    same, but their game plan has been overlooked.  Herceg-Bosna owes its

Page 2045

 1    existence to one man - Croatian president, Franjo Tudjman.  For him, the

 2    making of a Croat state on Bosnian land has been a personal obsession, an

 3    obsession which drove him to bang the final nail into Bosnia's coffin.

 4    Tudjman has built this state on concentration camps, ethnic cleansing,

 5    torture, starvation, all executed by his henchman, Mate Boban.

 6            "The Croats were the smallest group in Bosnia, fewer than a fifth

 7    of the population, but they've always dominated the barren landscape of

 8    Herzegovina.  Herzegovinians looked to the Croatian capital, Zagreb,

 9    rather than Sarajevo, as their capital.  This rocky terrain bred the

10    fascist Ustashas of World War II.  To this day, Herzegovinians display a

11   virulent strain of Croatian nationalism.  It's a philosophy of intolerance,

12    a lot of prejudice.  They hate state as an institution.  They hate texts. 

13    They hate everything.  They need only space and territory.

14    "After World War II poverty drove tens of thousands of Herzegovinians to

15   abandon this infertile land. In emigre communities abroad their nationalist

16   fervour only deepened. They dreamed of their region becoming part of

17   Croatia.  It was a dream shared by Croatian president Franjo Tudjman. He

18    always believed that Croatia had an historic claim in Bosnia.

19            "[No interpretation]

20            "[In English] Tudjman's obsession with Croatian claims in Bosnia

21    runs deep.  In 1991, he meets his arch enemy, Serbian president, Slobodan

22    Milosevic, for secret discussions.  Even though Serbia is threatening to

23    invade Croatia, Tudjman is still happy to talk about their one common

24    interest, a carve-up of Bosnia-Herzegovina.  Two eye witnesses of this

25    meeting in Karadjordjevo can now reveal the real agenda.

Page 2046

 1    "That was never… in the mass-media and no complete information about that

 2   was ever given. Hence, they were secret talks. But the mass-media portrayed

 3   them as being talks between Serbia and Croatia on unresolved problems

 4   between the two states.  Nothing more.  Moreover, it was denied… the rumors

 5   and stories going around and all the speculations that it was about Bosnia

 6   were denied. It was denied.

 7            "[In English] There were several maps on the table, I guess, and

 8    the idea was more or less close to the recent ideas on Bosnia-Herzegovina,

 9    that -- that means either to divide Bosnia-Herzegovina into ten or 15

10    units or in three semi-independent states.

11            "Did the Muslims attend this meeting?

12            "No, absolutely.  Absolutely no.  [No interpretation]

13   "Tudjman has swept to power on a nationalist ticket but most of his

14   advisers opposed his ambitions in Bosnia. However, Tudjman is an autocrat

15   who listens only to the people who agree with him.  He found unconditional

16   support elsewhere.  Emigre Herzegovinians had poured money into Tudjman's

17   election campaign.  They were confident he would promote their nationalist

18   ambitions not only in Croatia but also in Bosnia.  The most prominent is

19   Gojko Susak.  Until four years ago, Susak was a pizza parlour entrepreneur

20   in Toronto.  Now he's the defence minister of Croatia.

21            "President had a view on Bosnia-Herzegovina long before we met.

22    He was very explicit, and that at the very first public speech when he

23    came to the US and Canada, that's when I first met him.  His politics were

24    on known Bosnia-Herzegovina were defined.  They do coincide with my view

25    of Bosnia-Herzegovina in many ways.

Page 2047

 1            "There is a double game between the two.  At personal level,

 2    Mr. Susak is a kind of Tudjman's slave.  He accepts every decision made by

 3    Mr. Tudjman, so his non-existing personality at personal level, but in

 4    political sense, Mr. Tudjman sometime or even at present time, very often

 5    exhibits political -- Mr. Susak's political philosophy.

 6            "But for the Croats of Sarajevo and the rest of Bosnia, Tudjman's

 7    ambitions were dangerous.  The Herzegovinans, who number only 200.000, had

 8    always lived together, but 600.000 other Croats were scattered in mixed

 9    communities throughout Bosnia.  They couldn't easily be disentangled.

10    These Croats already had their own leadership in Sarajevo.

11            "[No interpretation]

12            "[In English] But unknown to Kljuic, the president of all Croats

13    was already preparing the ground for a division of Bosnia.  Even as he

14    makes his first presidential visit to the Croats of Sarajevo, Tudjman is

15    secretly backing a small group of extremist Herzegovina politicians who

16    are plotting a separate Croat state in Bosnia.  But he reveals nothing of

17    his true intentions to this audience.

18            "[No interpretation]

19            "[In English] Dispatches has obtained the signed secret protocol

20    produced by that group in November 1991.  It confirms decisions reached

21    with Tudjman in Zagreb.  It declares Croatian people within

22    Bosnia-Herzegovina must finally start a decisive and active policy, which

23    is supposed to lead us to our centuries' long dream: A common Croatian

24    state.  They'll show Europe and the world which regions in

25    Bosnia-Herzegovina are Croatian and where our future lies.

Page 2048

 1            "The document lays out the real plan.  First, a Croat province in

 2    Bosnia is declared, next any Croat leaders who support a united Bosnia

 3    must be removed.  Within two months of the meeting, with Tudjman's

 4    backing, the separatists force Kljuic to resign.  Herzegovinan Mate Boban,

 5    whose main claim to fame was a spell in jail for black marketeering, is

 6    installed as the new leader.  A plan is underway.  Boban moves the Croat

 7    power base to this factory in his home town of Grude in Herzegovina.

 8   "This town with just two main streets and no town square takes the place

 9   of sophisticated Sarajevo.  The next stage is simple:  Boban sets up a

10  separate Croat army in Bosnia, the HVO. March 1992, Croats vote with Muslims

11  for independence.  The Serbs rebel and war breaks out.  As the Serbs cut a

12  swathe through Bosnia, Croatia steps in to help the beleaguered state.

13  Tudjman signs a military alliance with Bosnian President Izetbegovic to

14  fight the Serbs.  Tudjman knows that the mainly Muslim Bosnian government

15  has little choice but to rely on Croatia.  This serves his purpose.

16            "[No interpretation]

17            "[In English] He thought that Muslims would join Croatia, that was

18     -- I mean, that was a second thought behind his political mind.

19            "Croats and Muslims link up to fight the Serbs.  Many Muslims join

20    the HVO, which is better prepared than government forces.

21            "[No interpretation]

22   "[In English] But once the alliance has halted the Serb advance, Boban

23    moves to the next stage of the master plan.  He declares that the Bosnian

24    government is dissolved and announces that the HVO has taken over in all

25    areas unoccupied by the Serbs.  The strains in the alliance are obvious.

Page 2049

 1            "Well, superficially they were working together as partners.

 2    There was a coalition which had taken them through the referendum on

 3    independence, and on the face of it, you thought that you were dealing

 4    with the Croats and the Muslims versus the Serbs.  It was not many weeks

 5    before I realised that this was not a true coalition.

 6            "[No interpretation]

 7            "[In English] But to the HVO's supposed partner in the alliance,

 8    the takeover seems far from temporary.  Ivan Negovetic is a Croat who

 9    enlisted not in the HVO but in the Bosnian government army.

10            "[No interpretation]

11            "[In English] To tighten its grip across Bosnia, the HVO has to

12    weaken its alliance partner.  Dispatches has obtained official documents

13    which show the restrictions the HVO placed on the Bosnian army.  In many

14    areas, supposedly under joint control, the HVO requisitions all industry,

15    power supplies, and transport.  All consignments of weapons to the Bosnian

16    army need to pass through Croatia and Herzegovina.  At each check-point,

17    some of the consignment is hived off and most of the weapons end up in HVO

18    hands.  In Grude alone, 37 trucks of weapons intended for the defence of

19    Sarajevo are halted and plundered.

20           "[No interpretation]

21           "[In English] The alliance starts to collapse.  In some areas

22    Bosnian forces are disarmed and expelled by the Croats.  In others, they

23    fight back and push the HVO out.

24            "Serb aggression becomes a distant memory as Croats and Muslims

25    begin a scramble for territory.  They fight each other with the bitterness

Page 2050

 1    born of betrayal.  Bosnia is dead.

 2           "[No interpretation]

 3           "[In English] Tudjman and Boban are already rewriting history.

 4    They planned to seize power across Bosnia but the Bosnian army stopped

 5    them.  Now the official Croat line blames Muslims for destroying the

 6    alliance.

 7            "[No interpretation]

 8            "[In English] As the alliance crumbled, Western negotiators failed

 9    to react to the Croat territorial ambitions.  The Croats have taken care

10    to pose as the reasonable party in the Bosnian conflict.

11            "They were the weakest group because they are the smallest group

12    and I think they were quite clever politically to decide that by and large

13    they would go along with the negotiators.  They would be the reasonable

14    party, that was in their interest to be that.  And I think that was a

15    clever strategy.

16            "That strategy is about to pay dividends.  Now the peace

17    negotiators are poised to give the Croats the green light for the final

18    dismantling of Bosnia.

19            "December 1992, Geneva.  As the Vance-Owen peace plan is being

20    drafted, the Croats are tightening their grip throughout their planned

21    mini-state Herceg-Bosna.  The plan divides Bosnia into ten provinces but

22    it appears to ignore Mate Boban's obvious territorial ambitions, ambitions

23    which the negotiators knew only too well.

24            "One was well aware that they had been pursuing their own agenda

25    way before the Vance-Owen plan was announced.  That was, we were very

Page 2051

 1    conscious of it.  The Herceg-Bosna question was a constant issue between

 2    President Izetbegovic and President Tudjman.  So there was nothing --

 3    there was no surprises by then.  We were fully aware of what was their

 4    private agenda.

 5            "Even so, the Croats see the Vance-Owen peace plan as an

 6    endorsement of their private agenda.  Two of the provinces have a clear

 7    Croat majority, the third is half Muslim.  Boban claims this province for

 8    himself.  He insists that Vance-Owen has rewarded Croats with over a

 9    quarter of Bosnia.  He hurries to sign.

10            "[No interpretation]

11            "[In English] The Vance-Owen plan places the mixed city of Mostar

12    in a Croat province.  The Croats have long coveted Mostar as their

13    capital.  They use the peace plan as the green light for a takeover but

14    Vance-Owen also binds each province to protect ethnic minorities.  The

15    Croats appear not to notice.

16            "[No interpretation]

17            "[In English] May the 9th, 1993, the Croats mount an all-out

18    assault in Mostar.  The Bosnian forces resist.

19            "Have you always seen Mostar as the capital of Herceg-Bosna?

20            "Yes, all the time.

21            "Even though it was a majority Muslim?

22            "No, there are no majority in Mostar of any nation.  Before the

23    war, the equal number of inhabitants were Muslims and Croats.  Difference

24    was only few hundred.

25            "But still you saw it as the capital of the Croatian part of

Page 2052

 1    Bosnia-Herzegovina.

 2            "Yes, yes, it is.

 3            "Why?

 4            "Because this republic must have a capital.  Must have one centre.

 5    Must have university.  Must have other things which makes a republic a

 6    republic.  Our own civilisation, level with theatre, symphonic orchestra,

 7    and so on.

 8           "But that civilised capital does not include Muslims.  All the

 9    Muslims living on the west side are rounded up and forced across the river

10    to the devastated east side.  A brutal siege begins.  Civilians become a

11    weapon of war.

12           "[No interpretation]

13            "I saw a film where there was a night shot of people being driven

14    out of West Mostar into East Mostar by HVO troops.

15            "[No interpretation]

16            "[In English] For four months, the HVO blocks all relief convoys

17    to Muslim-held East Mostar, as the battle for the capital of Herceg-Bosna

18    grinds on, Boban continues to starve civilians there.  He is still using

19    food as a weapon in his war.

20            "[No interpretation]

21            "[In English] Across the river, on the Croatian-held side of

22    Mostar, there is no shortage of food.

23            "Mostar don't have west bank, don't have east bank.  Mostar is a

24    unique town and I don't recognise this division.  It's temporary front

25    line but I'm an inhabitant of Mostar.  Mostar is my native town and I

Page 2053

 1    don't want to divide it.

 2            "Other natives of West Mostar are busy sweeping away the last

 3    traces of their neighbours.  Dispatches found some photographs among the

 4    ashes.

 5            "[No interpretation]

 6            "[In English] The Croats steadily work their way through the order

 7    of war pioneered by the Bosnian Serbs.  In the Mostar region Muslim men of

 8    fighting age are herded off to camps such as Dretelj.  Many had fought in

 9    the HVO.

10            "[No interpretation]

11            "[In English] On an island just off the Croatian mainland, victims

12    from Dretelj are still held under police guard.  Dispatches filmed there

13    secretly.

14           "It's important for you at the moment to go somewhere safe because

15    your refugee status has only been extended for one month.

16            "The government of Herceg-Bosna released these men only on

17    condition that they would be sent abroad by the United Nations.  They have

18    left Bosnia forever.

19            "It's important that you secure your safety first and foremost.

20            "[No interpretation]

21            "[In English] Throughout the war against Bosnian government

22    forces, the regular Croatian army continues to pour into Bosnia to

23    reinforce the HVO.  This Croatian soldier was photographed on the front

24    line of Mostar last June.

25            "[No interpretation]

Page 2054

 1            "[In English] We have evidence of Croat army tanks in Ljubuski.

 2            "[No interpretation]

 3            "[In English] There is, and as I speak, a very substantial element

 4    of the Croatian army in Bosnia-Herzegovina, very substantial.  And I must

 5    say I think it's an issue which the world ought to address more strongly.

 6    They addressed it in terms of the Serbs in the spring of 1992, with very

 7    considerable strength of purpose, but they have, to a great extent,

 8    ignored it in the last six months as it's built up.

 9            "President Tudjman's ambitions in Bosnia have been so ignored that

10    in the Croatian capital of Zagreb it's business as usual.  Croatia's

11    backing of atrocities in Bosnia has gone unpunished.  A senior diplomat

12    told Dispatches the Croats have got away with murder, literally.  At a

13    European Community meeting in July ministers rejected sanctions.

14            "Certainly that has been the view of the European Community,

15    obviously influenced by the Federal Republic of German and other friends

16    of Croatia, like Austria in the United Nations, Hungary and others and the

17    United States.  So the general feeling has been that it's better to make

18    representations to President Tudjman and to criticise and to argue rather

19    than to take action in terms of sanctions against Croatia.

20            "We need an appropriate international approach to the Balkans, and

21    until present time we have experienced many -- I mean many strange

22    international politicians, genuinely losers in their own countries, like

23    Lord Owen, Lord Carrington, lord that and that, and they were sent to this

24    part of the earth to play an irresponsible political games.

25            "One winner in these irresponsible political games has been Franjo

Page 2055

 1    Tudjman.  In July he abandoned any pretense of supporting a unified Bosnia

 2    by calling openly for a carve-up.  Peace negotiations are now based on a

 3    union of republics or mini-states.  Tudjman has satisfied his obsession.

 4    Next on the agenda, the joining of this part of Bosnia with Croatia.

 5            "[No interpretation]

 6            "[In English] In Herceg-Bosna, in towns like Capljina, the new

 7    state is taking shape.  The few factories are getting back to work.

 8    Children are getting used to a new curriculum, the same one taught in the

 9    Croatian motherland.

10            But just outside Capljina, a convoy waits to collect the Croat

11    refugees driven out from Central Bosnia.  For these people, Tudjman and

12    Boban's land grab has backfired.  They come from outside Herceg-Bosna,

13    where the HVO is losing more and more territory to Bosnian government

14    forces.  The Croats of Central Bosnia are now reduced to a few besieged

15    pockets, falling one by one.  The latest is Vares, where 20.000 people

16    have fled.  Mate Boban's only solution is to offer them a home in the

17    barren land of Herceg-Bosna.

18            "In Sarajevo, Croats face an uncertain future.  30.000 Croats live

19    here.  It's still the largest Croat city in Bosnia but the Herceg-Bosna

20    government has abandoned them.  Only the church is left to protect them.

21    The spiritual leader of all Croats in Bosnia, Archbishop Vinko Puljic,

22    refuses to leave his cathedral despite constant pressure to move to

23    Herceg-Bosna.

24            "[No interpretation]

25            "[In English] Ivan Tomislav is a Croat citizen of Sarajevo.  He

Page 2056

 1    feels betrayed by Mate Boban and his fellow Herzegovinans in Grude.

 2            "[No interpretation]

 3            "[In English] For the Croats in Sarajevo, Mate Boban's invitation

 4    to come and join other Croats in Herceg-Bosna is unacceptable.

 5            "[No interpretation]

 6            "[In English] This is a tragedy.  And this tragedy could be

 7    attributed to the leadership of Mr. Tudjman because he has made many wrong

 8    decisions, and I mean he is simply, and his mentality is a mentality of a

 9    genuine loser.

10            "[No interpretation]

11            "[In English] The choice now facing Bosnian Croats is stark.  For

12    most it's Herceg-Bosna or nothing.  Franjo Tudjman has carved out his

13    chunk of rock in Bosnia.  He's fulfilled his personal obsession with no

14    international reprisals.  But the price has been the betrayal of Bosnia

15    and the sacrifice of his own people."

16            MR. MUNDIS:

17       Q.   Ms. Giles, I just have a couple of remaining questions concerning

18    the documentary that we just saw.  Do you recall who was the narrator?

19       A.   I can only remember her first name but she was someone -- I wrote

20    the script, she just read the script.

21       Q.   That was my next question.

22       A.   Right.

23       Q.   Let me ask you this, because we did see in this piece an interview

24    with Mr. Prlic.  Who conducted that interview?

25       A.   I did.

Page 2057

 1       Q.   And was that the interview that you told us about prior to

 2    watching the film?

 3       A.   Yes.

 4       Q.   Okay.  When was the last time you have watched the tape of that

 5    interview?

 6       A.   A long time.  I can't put it in time.

 7       Q.   Okay.  Let me ask you specifically about the Prlic interview tape.

 8    When was the last time you saw the Prlic interview tape?

 9       A.   I saw that this morning.

10       Q.   Okay.

11            MR. MUNDIS:  Mr. President, I would ask at this point in time that

12    we see part of the Prlic interview tape.  In terms of time, I will -- we

13    will be tendering both of these tapes into evidence, but I don't believe

14    at this point, in light of some of the comments made by Mr. Karnavas

15    earlier, that we will need to watch the whole tape but I would like to

16    show her a couple of minutes.

17            MR. KARNAVAS:  I would object.  It's the entire tape or no part of

18    the tape.  I think for completeness, this is for the public audience as

19    well.  I think --

20            MR. MUNDIS:  We'll play the tape, then.  We'll play the tape.

21            MR. KARNAVAS:  They have it.  They should play it.

22                          [Videotape played]

23             "Journalist:  Okay, so if you just look at me.  Could you tell me

24    first about what happened this week when you became Prime Minister?  Why

25    did you become Prime Minister?

Page 2058

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  You must ask those persons who choose me.  Now

 2    we have a new government of Herceg-Bosna with many new persons, and I

 3    think that this new government will be very good and this government has

 4    responsibility for all things in Croatian Republic Herceg-Bosna.  Now we

 5    have all ministry in our government and I think we are able to do good

 6    business.

 7            "Journalist:  Before you were acting Prime Minister.  Why have

 8    you now changed to become Prime Minister?

 9            "Jadranko Prlic:  Before?  Because we didn't be republic.  We had

10    been Croatian Community Herceg-Bosna, as temporary organisation.  Now

11    according to Geneva agreement, we created a Croatian Republic of

12    Herceg-Bosna, and I am the Prime Minister of this new government in new

13    structure of Croatian Republic Herceg-Bosna, in future union of Republic

14    of BH.

15            "Journalist: And you've done that even though Geneva Agreement

16    hasn't gone ahead, it hasn't been signed by all three parties?  You still

17    set up a government?

18            "Jadranko Prlic:  But all three parties accepted principles, this

19    thing of principles, not border realign of -- excuse me, I made a mistake.

20    All three parties accepted principle of organisation of future BH.

21            "Journalist:  You said when I asked you why you'd become Prime

22    Minister, that depends on the people who chose you.  Who did choose you?

23            "Jadranko Prlic:  Our parliament, parliament of Croatian Republic

24    of Herceg-Bosna and the president of Croatian Bosnia, according to law.

25            "Journalist:  And are they representative?  Who did they

Page 2059

 1    represent, the Parliament?  How were they elected?

 2            "Jadranko Prlic:  All municipalities of Croatian Republic

 3    Herceg-Bosna, more than 30 municipalities in this parliament.  This

 4    parliament has 70 members.

 5            "Journalist:  And do they come from all over Bosnia?

 6            "Jadranko Prlic:  Not all over Bosnia.  All parts of Bosnia in

 7    which Croat lives.

 8            "Journalist:  So you have representatives from Central Bosnia and

 9    from --

10            "Jadranko Prlic:  From Central Bosnia, Northern Bosnia or Bosanska

11    Posavina, Middle Bosnia, Herzegovina and --

12            "Journalist:  Where is the seat of government?

13            "Jadranko Prlic:  Here in Mostar.

14            "Journalist:  Could you tell me that like in a statement here,

15    Mostar is the seat of government, just it makes it easier.

16            "Jadranko Prlic:  Mostar is the seat of government all the time.

17            "Journalist:  And what is the division of responsibility between

18    Mostar and Grude? Is there --

19            "Jadranko Prlic:  There is no Grude in any document of Croatian

20    Republic of Herceg-Bosna.  In all documents Mostar is the capital of

21    Herceg-Bosna.

22            "Journalist:  And has that always been so?

23            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

24            "Journalist:  Why are you not all united here working together in

25    Mostar?  Why -- there seems to be two different administrations.

Page 2060

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  No, we have only one administration, but we

 2    have somebody, some ministries, all around Herceg-Bosna.

 3            "Journalist:  So the president lives in Grude and the Prime

 4    Minister lives in Mostar.

 5            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.  You may say it, it's true.

 6            "Journalist:  Why would that be?

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  Because president lives in Grude.  I live in

 8    Mostar all my life.

 9            "Journalist:  One day, will the president come and live here, do

10    you think?

11            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

12            "Journalist:  When do you think that will be?

13            "Jadranko Prlic:  Officially president of Croatian Republic of

14    Herceg-Bosna, his seat is in Mostar, temporarily seated in Grude.

15            "Journalist:  Have you always seen Mostar as the capital of

16    Herceg-Bosna?

17            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes, all the time.

18            "Journalist:  Even though it was a majority Muslim?

19            "Jadranko Prlic:  No, there are no majority in Mostar, of any

20    nation.  Before the war an equal number of inhabitants were Muslims and

21    Croats.  Difference was only few hundred.

22            "Journalist:  But still you saw it as the capital of the Croatian

23    part of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

24            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.  Yes, it is.

25            "Journalist:  Why?

Page 2061

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  Because this republic must have a capital, must

 2    have one centre, must have university, must have other things which makes

 3    a republic as republic, around civilisation level, with theatre, with

 4    symphonic orchestra, and so on.

 5            "Journalist:  Do you think the Muslims agreed with that at the

 6    beginning?

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think so.  At the beginning, yes, but after

 8    that, when BH army became stronger and stronger, they choose their mind.

 9            "Journalist:  Sorry, they did what?

10            "Jadranko Prlic:  They have choose their mind about it.

11            "Journalist:  They changed their mind.

12            "Jadranko Prlic:  They changed their mind.

13            "Journalist:  And what happened?  Tell me what happened when they

14    changed their mind.

15            "Jadranko Prlic:  You know, as in other part of Croatian Community

16    Herceg-Bosna, in one year before, there were more than 120.000 of

17    refugees, of Muslim refugees, in this region.  About 20.000 refugees in

18    Mostar, 15.000 refugees in Travnik, and so on.  And it was a very easy to

19    manipulate with refugees.  If you say to them you will stay in this flat,

20    you will have job, you will have everything, because those person lose

21    everything in their life, their old homes and so on.  And it is very easy

22    to manipulate with this population.  It is one of the main problem in

23    development, the process in BH, because almost all soldiers have been

24    taken from this population.

25            "Journalist:  So can you tell me about how Mostar was saved from

Page 2062

 1    Serbs?  What happened here in Mostar to repel the Serbs?

 2            "Jadranko Prlic:  Liberated Mostar.  It was more than one year

 3    ago, HVO liberated Mostar, because in this period, only military troops in

 4    Mostar was HVO.  There was not BH army in this region.  After

 5    liberalisation, Muslims created BH army.

 6            "Journalist:  So did the Croats alone fight to --

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  Not only Croats.  Many Muslims fight in HVO.

 8            "Journalist:  As part of HVO, they were part --

 9            "Jadranko Prlic: Not as part, member of HVO.

10            "Journalist:  And let's say you empowered the Serbs and then

11    Mostar was at peace.

12            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

13            "Journalist:  And then what happened?

14            "Jadranko Prlic:  Refugees, changing of politics, of Muslims and

15    so on, is the real cause of conflict between Muslims and Croat in our

16    region, because you know, if Croats want to ethnic cleansing, or to win

17    Muslims, they might do at any moment, because we was much stronger than

18    Muslims.  We didn't want it.  After BH army became stronger and stronger,

19    they started fighting with Croats, and now we have result of this

20    fighting.

21            "Journalist:  Do you think you could have repelled the Serbs

22    without the Muslim soldiers in HVO?

23            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes, yes.

24            "Journalist:  Without any Muslim soldiers.

25            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes, we were able to do it.

Page 2063

 1            "Journalist:  Why did you arm them?  Why did you allow them to be

 2    part of HVO?

 3            "Jadranko Prlic:  Because they want to be member of HVO.  HVO in

 4    this period was voluntary army.

 5            "Journalist:  So then you issued, as far as I understand, a

 6    declaration that they -- that all BH army soldiers should hand over their

 7    weapons on the 15th of April, is that right?  Is that correct?

 8            "Jadranko Prlic:  Excuse me, I didn't understand it.

 9            "Journalist:  You said on the 15th of April that BH soldiers

10    should give their weapons back to HVO.  Is that correct?

11            "Jadranko Prlic:  I didn't understand you.

12            "[No interpretation].

13            "Jadranko Prlic:  No, did nothing.  It's not correct, no.

14            "Journalist:  So what did happen?

15            "Jadranko Prlic:  Nothing.

16            "Journalist:  Why are you in this situation where you're fighting

17    now?  You were in alliance with these soldiers, now you're fighting

18    against them.  How did that happen?

19            "Jadranko Prlic:  Muslim army want to occupy all Mostar.  It's

20    only true.  Because HVO had all, all town.  Had everything in Croatian

21    Community Herceg-Bosna.  There was not BH army in this period.  After

22    that, Muslims became and create -- became creating new army, BH army, or

23    Muslims Army.  In first period it was BH army, now it's only the name.  In

24    reality, it is Muslims army.

25            "Journalist:  So they started the fighting in Mostar against

Page 2064

 1    Croats.

 2            "Jadranko Prlic:  They started fighting in all Croatian Community

 3    of Herceg-Bosna.

 4            "Journalist:  But in Mostar?

 5            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

 6            "Journalist:  It was the Muslims who started the fighting.

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.  It's official statement.

 8            "Journalist:  And what did the HVO do when the fighting started?

 9            "Jadranko Prlic:  Defend.  Start defend.

10            "Journalist:  But why did you use Muslim troops if you didn't need

11    them at all?  Because at the beginning you fought side by side, you fought

12    to defend your city.

13            "Jadranko Prlic:  No, we didn't use Muslim troops.  We have

14    Muslims in HVO.  It was voluntary army and those Muslims want to be member

15    of HVO. They are no any Muslim troop.

16            "Journalist:  So really you think the breakdown between Muslim and

17    Croat troops happened only because the Muslims became aggressive, not --

18            "Jadranko Prlic:  You know, Muslims wanted to find new territory

19    for all Muslims.  You know, many Muslims were pushed away from their

20    territory by Serbs, and Muslims tried to get new territory.  It was very

21    hard task to do it against Serbs.  It was easier to do with Croats.  It's

22    the main reason for this conflict.

23            "Journalist:  So what's happening now?  You've got most of the

24    west bank is Croat.  What's happening in the east bank?  Can you describe

25    that to me?

Page 2065

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  No, Mostar don't have west bank, don't have east

 2    bank.  Mostar is a unified town, and I don't recognise this division.

 3    It's temporary front line.  But I'm an inhabitant of Mostar.  Mostar is my

 4    native town.  And I don't want to divide them -- to divide it.

 5            "Journalist:  So what do you think will happen?  Because at the

 6    moment you couldn't go to the east.  I mean it is effectively a divided

 7    town, isn't it?

 8            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

 9            "Journalist:  So how --

10            "Jadranko Prlic:  It is a temporary situation.  I think that

11    inhabitants of Mostar, Croat, Muslims and Serb, will overcome the

12    situation in near future.

13            "Journalist:  How?

14            "Jadranko Prlic:  On political way.

15            "Journalist:  So you will have a united town again?  You will have

16    all the people on the east bank?

17            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes, we will have united town with all other

18    inhabitants; Croats, Muslims and Serbs.

19            "Journalist:  On what terms?  What terms?  What --

20            "Jadranko Prlic:  I'm not sure.  But I really believe it.

21            "Journalist:  And will you allow the BH army to have a part in

22    Mostar as well?

23            "Jadranko Prlic:  No one army will have any part of Mostar.  We

24    don't need any army.

25            "Journalist:  Not even the HVO?

Page 2066

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  No one army.

 2            "Journalist:  Can I ask you now about Central Bosnia, what is

 3    happening in Central Bosnia at the moment?

 4            "Jadranko Prlic:  We have war in Central Bosnia between Croats and

 5    Muslims.  Muslims army succeeded to occupied many towns in Central Bosnia,

 6    for instance, Travnik, Bugojno, Fojnica, in Northern Herzegovina Konjic

 7    and Jablanica, and in those towns, there are no Croats in this moment

 8    except [indiscernible].  Muslim finished ethnic cleansing of Croats in

 9    this region of BH.

10            "Journalist:  What is HVO doing at the moment for those areas?

11            "Jadranko Prlic:  Defend -- defend one -- two enclaves, no.  HVO

12    in this moment is in situation to defend three enclaves Middle Bosnia.

13    Zepce second, Kiseljak part of Fojnica and Kresevo, and Vitez, Busovaca,

14    part of Travnik and New Travnik.

15            "Journalist:  How are they doing?  How is the strategy proceeding?

16      Is it going well?

17            "Jadranko Prlic:  It is going not so good because we are in war

18    but I think that we are able to defend this town, this municipality.

19            "Journalist:  Is that where HVO is now concentrating its effort in

20    Central Bosnia?

21            "Jadranko Prlic:  It's probably problem of military strategy.  I

22    am not military man.  I am just president of government.

23            "Journalist:  It seems to me that it was a strategy that was --

24    that was almost bound to fail, to try and get the whole of Central

25    Bosnia.  That it was too ambitious  [indiscernible].

Page 2067

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  No.  We have only one ambition:  To defend

 2    Croats in all BH.  We don't want all BH or great part of BH.  We want only

 3    one part of BH in which we have sovereignty in BH.  And all other people

 4    who live in this part has the same right as Croat any other region with

 5    Serbian or Muslim majority.

 6            "Journalist:  Going back to Mostar again, if all Muslims have

 7    rights here, why have so many Muslims left this part of Mostar?

 8            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think that more Croats leave Mostar than

 9    Muslim.  It's our evidence.

10            "Journalist:  And also talking about the HVO policy, Croat policy

11    is to defend all Croats in Bosnia, the fact is that the people, the Croat

12    people of Central Bosnia are being, as you said cleansed down.  Is that

13    not a rather unfortunate thing?

14            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.  It's very unfortunate thing, because we

15    didn't prepare for war with Muslims.  We tried to establish good

16    cooperation with Muslims.  You must know one thing:  We gave

17    [indiscernible] to Muslim, all the war.  We gave them our house and

18    anything else, refugees of Muslims.  We constructed new road to Central

19    Bosnia, through the mountains.  Through this road all refugees, all Muslim

20    refugees, went out from BH and all humanitarian aid now go through this

21    road.  We didn't want to fight Muslims.

22            "Journalist:  Were you in any way influenced by the peace plans?

23    I mean the peace plans have changed since the beginning.  What did you

24    think, for instance, about Vance-Owen in the way that it treated Croats?

25            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think it was very good plan for all three

Page 2068

 1    sides in BH.  I think that this plan was the best among all other plan.

 2            "Journalist:  Why?

 3            "Jadranko Prlic:  Because in this plan, BH will be state.  Only

 4    Croats now in BH want BH state.  Serbs and Muslims don't want BH.  Serbs

 5    want Serbian Republic or Greater Serbia.  Muslims want Muslim state.  Only

 6    Croats want BH as a state.  And I think that Vance-Owen plan has a

 7    guarantee to establish new state, decentralised state, and achieve all

 8    nationality in BH.

 9            "Journalist:  Okay.  So what do you think your policy, Croat

10    policy, in BH has really achieved for Croats?  What do you think that you

11    have achieved for Croats?

12            "Jadranko Prlic:  We achieved one thing:  Croats became factor in

13    BH.  We are not satisfied with the result of this war, but it's problem of

14    other three nations, not Croats.  You must know that before the war, in

15    all population of BH, were only 17.6 Croats.  Croats lives in many part of

16    BH, from the north to the south.  We don't have so huge concentration of

17    Croat to establish some new state.  We don't want Croat state in BH.  It's

18    it.

19            "Journalist:  But the people of Central Bosnia, as we've seen,

20    from Vares and other places, are coming down, being made refugees.  Do you

21    not think that in some way you are responsible for that fact, that people

22     -- that Croats are having to leave Central Bosnia?  Do you not think you

23    put so much effort into this area of Herceg-Bosna, into Herzegovina, that

24    actually the people of Central Bosnia have been abandoned?

25            "Jadranko Prlic:  Vares is one Croat enclave in Central Bosnia

Page 2069

 1    with no communication with the main body of Croatian Republic of

 2    Herceg-Bosna.  Vares has only one very little [indiscernible] 1.000

 3    soldiers.  Front line between Croats and Muslims was about 60 kilometres.

 4    When Muslims concentrated so huge troops, two corps, it was obvious that

 5    Croats didn't have any chance to defend this town.   It's the main reason

 6    for fail of Vares.

 7            "Journalist:  Can we pause there for a minute.

 8           "Okay.  I want to change slightly to find out some more details

 9    about things we were talking about at the beginning.  Can you explain to

10    me -- you said you've now become Prime Minister, which I understand.  Are

11    there any plans for elections in Herceg-Bosna?

12            "Jadranko Prlic:  Excuse me?

13            "Journalist:  Are there any plans to hold elections in

14    Herceg-Bosna?

15            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.  We have plans for elections in

16    Herceg-Bosna but in this period, it is not -- it is not real.  We must

17    wait the end of war.  We must know which territory will be boundaries and

18    so on, and after that, it may be -- excuse me -- after that, we will be

19    able to organise election in Herceg-Bosna.  Election in this period may be

20    manipulated and may be not real, real result, because as you know, now we

21    have more than 200.000 of refugees who are abroad.

22            "Journalist:  When the war comes to an end, can you -- can you see

23    what sort of shape Herceg-Bosna will be where the territory will be, and

24    the boundaries?

25            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think that politics negotiation will resolve

Page 2070

 1    this problem and Croat will be accept all solution.  As you know Croat

 2    first accepted all plan from international community, and we are ready to

 3    do the same if this plan will be satisfying for Croat as a minimum,

 4    requesting.

 5            "Journalist:  Did -- talking about plans, did the Vance-Owen plan

 6    have any influence over Croat policy?

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  As you know, Croat accepted this plan first, and

 8    I think it was some kind naive of Croats.  Really they believed in this

 9    plan.  But from the point of view of Muslims, it was only buying of time,

10    prepare for war against Croats.  It's one of cause of this conflict in BH.

11            "Journalist:  But in the Vance-Owen plan Croats got significantly

12    more than their 17 per cent, didn't they?  Why was that?

13            "Jadranko Prlic:  Croats didn't -- excuse me.  Would you repeat

14    once again?

15            "Journalist:  I just wondered what you thought about the fact that

16    in the Vance-Owen plan, Croats got nearly, I think, 25 per cent.

17            "Jadranko Prlic:  Croats didn't get anything.  Croats has it from

18    the previous period, and it is not the true.  This part of BH will be only

19    provinces, and these provinces got all inhabitants, which lives in this

20    territory, but not Croats.

21            "Journalist:  So it didn't have an influence in the provinces,

22    that you began to think that the provinces you'd been allocated under

23    Vance-Owen were Croat provinces which needed --

24            "Jadranko Prlic:  These three provinces were with Croat majority.

25    It's only true, nothing else.

Page 2071

 1            "Journalist:  So no action was taken as a result of those

 2    provinces being given officially through the Vance-Owen plan?

 3            "Jadranko Prlic:  No.  We made a deal with Muslims to create new

 4    government in provinces and we elected candidates, as proposal, but

 5    Muslims didn't want to participate in this process.  But you know that

 6    Izetbegovic signed the declaration with Croats about future constitution

 7    of these provinces.  But as you know, Muslims didn't want to do it.

 8            "Journalist:  Can I ask you about the structure of HVO?  What is

 9    the HVO?

10            "Jadranko Prlic:  HVO, HVO, is the name of our army, Croatian

11    Council of Defence.  It is significant.  We are Council of Defence, not of

12    attack.  And it's true during all war.

13            "Journalist:  What else does it do?  Is it just involved in the

14    military?

15            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

16            "Journalist:  So it has no role in other part of the

17    administration?

18            "Jadranko Prlic:  No.  Role of HVO is the same as the role of any

19    army in any state in the world.

20            "Journalist:  How is it financed?  How do you pay for it?

21            "Jadranko Prlic:  From our fiscal system.  We have customs, we

22    have taxes, and so on, and we have enough money to finance the war.

23            "Journalist:  Not from a local based system?

24            "Jadranko Prlic:  Not from?

25            "Journalist:  Locals; each unit being financed locally?

Page 2072

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  You think municipal?

 2            "Journalist:  Yes.

 3            "Jadranko Prlic:  It's a part of all system, all financial

 4    system.

 5            "Journalist:  Does each municipality have a control over their bit

 6    of the HVO?

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  No.  We have central organisation of that.

 8            "Journalist:  Where is that based?  Where is the central

 9    organisation of the army?

10            "Jadranko Prlic:  Where is the headquarters?

11            "Journalist:  Yes.  Where is it based?

12            "Jadranko Prlic:  Excuse me.  In Citluk and Posusje.

13            "Journalist:  I wondered about how much help the Croatian army has

14    given the HVO.

15            "Jadranko Prlic:  They are no of any help from the Croatian army

16    from beginning of war except volunteers from Croat.  You know that people

17    from this region have been first volunteers in the war in Croatia, and

18    after the beginning of war here, all of them came back to this region and

19    started to defend this region.

20            "Journalist:  So there is nobody fighting here who is not from

21    this region?

22            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think so.

23            "Journalist:  So what was the significance of the alliance

24    announced between President Tudjman and President Izetbegovic, the

25    military alliance?  What was the meaning of that alliance?

Page 2073

 1            "Jadranko Prlic:  The meaning as any alliance.

 2            "Journalist:  Can you explain that?

 3            "Jadranko Prlic:  No.

 4            "Journalist:  I think my last question at the moment is just can

 5    you tell me why -- what you felt about the bridge coming down?  The Sanski

 6    Most, Stari Most, sorry.

 7            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think it is terrible, and I think that the old

 8    bridge or Stari Most have been destroying more than one year and a half,

 9    and this week is final date of this destroying.  Now we are going to

10    [indiscernible] some activity for preparing documentation, planning,

11    projecting and so on, and start activity to reconstruct this old bridge

12    just after the end of there war.

13            "Journalist:  Why did it need to be destroyed, then?

14            "Jadranko Prlic:  I don't know.  There are no any political and

15    military reason to destroy this bridge.  But destroying of this bridge is

16    just to -- one evidence of the kind of this war, of dirty kind of this

17    war, of anything, as you know, about the character of this war.

18            "Journalist:  It seems to me such a symbol of Mostar, being an

19    ethnically mixed city.  Do you see it as being the end of that

20    possibility, that Muslims, Croats and Serbs can live together in Mostar?

21            "Jadranko Prlic:  No, no.  I believe in some kind of joint living.

22      We will live in the future in this region as neighbour.  I believe good

23    neighbour.

24            "Journalist:  Equal neighbours.

25            "Jadranko Prlic:  Yes.

Page 2074

 1            "Journalist:  Even though this will be a Croat province and this

 2    will a Croat capital, you will be equal neighbours.

 3            "Jadranko Prlic:  Equal.  You may live in France as American

 4    without any problems.  Do you have any problem in Paris or in Bonn,

 5    Amsterdam?  No.  You may live in this town.  I think that all -- all

 6    inhabitants of Mostar must live in this Mostar.

 7            "Journalist:  And they won't have any problems living here?

 8            "Jadranko Prlic:  No.

 9            "Journalist:  Finally, why -- can you just explain to me the

10    decision to reopen the cafes yesterday?  It seems to be --

11            "Jadranko Prlic:  I didn't know.  It's a decision of municipal,

12    not central government.

13            "Journalist:  So it's nothing to do with you?

14            "Jadranko Prlic:  I think it is good cafe is open.

15            "Journalist:  Why is it good?

16            "Jadranko Prlic:  Because you may drink coffee.

17            "Journalist:  Okay.  Can we pause there?  I just want to --"

18            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well.  We shall also have a

19    break now.  It is now 25 minutes to 6.  We shall have a 20-minute break

20    and resume at five minutes to 6.00.

21                          --- Recess taken at 5.35 p.m.

22                          --- On resuming at 5.58 p.m.

23            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] So we have resumed our hearing.

24    I've been informed about a personal problem regarding the witness.  She

25    has a child and must fly back after the hearing today, after 7.00.  So we

Page 2075

 1    have an hour left.  If we have not finished the examination-in-chief or

 2    the cross-examination today, the witness will have to come back on another

 3    day.  I don't know where you stand, Mr. Mundis.  Have you finished viewing

 4    the film?

 5            MR. MUNDIS:  Yes, Mr. President.  We have no further questions for

 6    the witness.

 7            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] So if you have no further

 8    questions, the Defence team has one hour for its cross.  The Prosecution

 9    has had an hour and a half, so you are half an hour short, Mr. Karnavas.

10    I assume you are the person starting?

11            MR. KARNAVAS:  Yes, Mr. President.  By agreement from -- well, it

12    would be nice in the future if we know if there is a problem with the

13    witness, so we could dispense with the formalities in the beginning.

14            Maybe I should use this microphone, Mr. President, so if I could

15    have just one second.

16                          Cross-examination by Mr. Karnavas:

17       Q.   Good afternoon.

18       A.   Good afternoon.

19       Q.   My name is Michael Karnavas, I represent Jadranko Prlic, the

20    gentleman that you interviewed.  I'm going to try to hit some of the

21    general areas and hopefully my colleagues will have enough time to go into

22    more specifics.

23            First I want to talk to you a little bit about this production of

24    yours.  You indicated -- you told us a little bit about your background

25    and you indicated that normally, when you're an independent producer, you

Page 2076

 1    have to pitch the idea, right?

 2       A.   Correct.

 3       Q.   And then I take it, in pitching the idea, you have a result in

 4    mind before you even pitch it?

 5       A.   I think you have an idea of the story, of course, but with a fast

 6    turn-around as I described - and a six weeks turn around for 40-minute

 7    film is a very fast turn-around - you go relatively unprepared.  You go

 8    with what you have read in the newspapers and nothing else.  You are not

 9    able to research too much in advance so you pick things up as you go

10    along.

11       Q.   Precisely.  Would it be fair to say that when you pitched the

12    idea, the idea that you pitched was Greater Croatia, the carving up of a

13    certain part of Bosnia-Herzegovina to be annexed to Croatia?  Would that

14    be correct?

15       A.   Correct, yes.

16       Q.   Okay.  So it would fair to say that it was with that in mind that

17    you went, later on, into the field in order to create this film?

18       A.   Yes.

19       Q.   All right.  Now, if we could step back, as I understood you, you

20    were under the impression at the time that this was a fast breaking story,

21    so to speak.  Those were your terms, by the way.

22       A.   Yes.  It was happening.  I mean, I have to say, looking at the

23    film, again, I had forgotten, I have to say, how much had already

24    happened, how far down the road it already was.

25       Q.   Okay.  Now, I'm going to stop you right there.  So may I take that

Page 2077

 1    as an admission, somehow, that after looking at the film now, you see that

 2    part of your thesis was perhaps maybe wrong?

 3       A.   No, not at all.  In fact, quite the reverse.  I'd say looking at

 4    the film reminded me of what a powerful story and how convincing it was.

 5       Q.   Especially when you take that footage and you zoom the camera into

 6    the flag with the Catholic church in the background, because you want to

 7    stress the point that here are these Croatian Catholics doing all these

 8    things to the Muslims, right?

 9       A.   I think I made it quite clear in my first piece of evidence that I

10    wasn't arguing for, you know, the Muslims.  I was arguing -- what the

11    point that the film was trying to make was that there was a mini-state

12    being carved out in Herzegovina in a very similar way to the way the Serbs

13    had -- were trying to carve out their mini-state in Serb Republic, so I

14    don't think that -- I don't like the idea that I was kind of special

15    pleading for the Muslims.  That was not my role.

16       Q.   And that wasn't what I was suggesting, that you were pleading for

17    one side or the other.  What I am saying, however, is, and I put to you,

18    that you went there with a result in mind, and your result in your mind

19    was these Croats are -- from Croatia are, one, trying to establish a

20    Croatian state within Bosnia-Herzegovina, and secondly, the Croats from

21    the Herzegovina area of Bosnia-Herzegovina were abandoning and sacrificing

22    the Croats of Central Bosnia; correct?

23       A.   It is correct.  It wasn't a particular -- it's not a particularly

24    original argument.  It was the first time it had been put together on

25    British television in that way but it was very well documented in the

Page 2078

 1    press, which was how I had got hold of the story in the first place.

 2       Q.   All right.  So you read the press, that gave you the idea, you

 3    pitched the idea, off you went into the field.

 4       A.   Correct.

 5       Q.   Now, you indicated to us -- maybe I should slow down a little bit

 6    because even though I didn't have my coffee, usually I tend to rush these

 7    things.  We speak the same language and the interpreters are going to yell

 8    at us fairly soon.

 9       A.   Okay.

10       Q.   Rightly so.  So let's slow it down.  So as I understand it, you

11    were a history major?

12       A.   History and theology.

13       Q.   History and theology.  Is there a particular period?  I mean

14    history is a big picture, you know.

15       A.   I guess I did 19th century British history, 17th century European

16    history, and 13th century Anglo-Saxon history.  I mean, no.

17       Q.   So fair to say not much on the Balkans?

18       A.   Not much on the Balkans.

19       Q.   Okay.  And I take it you didn't research, do any original research

20    other than, say, reading the newspapers in order to pitch this particular

21    idea?

22       A.   We did have our document by that stage.

23       Q.   Let me stop you here.  Did you do any research, original research?

24       A.   What would you count as original research?

25       Q.   Okay.  Maybe getting not just one document but getting more.

Page 2079

 1    Maybe not just targeting one person or two people to interview but

 2    targeting many.

 3       A.   Well, we had spoken to Lord Owen, who I think put his views pretty

 4    firmly.  We had spoken to journalists and politicians who were pretty

 5    shocked and horrified by what was going on in Zagreb.  We had a couple of

 6    documents.  We had -- I mean, you know, we -- we had enough evidence to

 7    persuade channel 4 to let us make the programme, and they are renowned for

 8    their journalistic, you know, acuity.

 9       Q.   Okay.  Well, I wasn't aware of that, but let me ask you this:  Did

10    you do any research to see what the Cutileiro Plan was?

11       A.   I can't remember what the Cutileiro Plan was.

12       Q.   Well, what about did you look at any other -- did you look at the

13    Vance-Owen Plan that was being proposed?  Did you actually see it, study

14    it?

15       A.   We -- we did study it, yes.

16       Q.   When you say "we," does that include you in that "we"?

17       A.   Me and my colleague, Paulette Farsides, we studied it quite

18    thoroughly.  It seemed to me to have an instrumental effect on the whole

19    -- what was going on, so it seemed necessary, yes.

20       Q.   Can you tell us what plan came after that one, the Vance-Owen

21    Plan, do you recall?

22       A.   I certainly don't at this stage.

23       Q.   Do you recall seeing a plan that came after that, any original

24    documents?

25       A.   Well, as I said, we went and did the film about "The Serbs in the

Page 2080

 1    Corridor."  I can't remember which plan was on the table.  There were so

 2    many different plans.

 3       Q.   Well, "The Serbs in the Corridor," that was much later, wasn't it?

 4       A.   That was '94, I think.

 5       Q.   That's much later.  I mean, if you -- I mean, it stands to reason

 6    if you do a documentary on '93 and you're doing something in 1994, it

 7    stands to reason that what you saw in 1994 would not necessarily apply to

 8    what you did for 1993, correct?

 9       A.   No, but I mean I accumulated a body of knowledge over my working

10    involvement with the region over four or five years, but it was ten years

11    ago and I have different things to think about.

12       Q.   Okay.  All right.  Fair enough.  Now, I look at number 11 in this

13    statement that apparently you signed today.  It's a one-page page and two

14    paragraph statement.  And from reading it, it would appear that you don't

15    have your notes.

16       A.   No.

17       Q.   Okay.  So there is nothing that I can look at or the honourable

18    members of this Tribunal can look at to verify what exactly you're telling

19    us; in other words, what documents you saw, who you attempted to

20    interview, who you actually interviewed, who you included into your video,

21    who you excluded in your video.  We don't have any of those notes, do we?

22       A.   No, we don't, but I remember very clearly who we interviewed, and

23    they are all in the film.  I cannot remember any that we kept out.  I

24    mean, in fact, you know, we had the three main protagonists.  I think the

25    lineup is -- I mean, I'm again rather kind of impressed.

Page 2081

 1       Q.   Okay.  Well, all right.  Forgive me for not being as satisfied as

 2    you are, but we don't have your notes, that's the bottom line.

 3       A.   I don't know what these notes are that --

 4       Q.   Okay.

 5       A.   -- I would have.  I mean, I'm not a print journalist.  I'm a

 6    television journalist.

 7       Q.   Very well.

 8       A.   We cannot transmit anything unless actually we've recorded it.

 9    It's very difficult to include things like documents.  They don't move,

10    they don't talk, so therefore, our blood, our meat for making television

11    programmes is the things that we record, and that's what you saw in the

12    film.  That is testament enough to the work that we did, I think.

13       Q.   I guess what I wanted to see is your research, Madam, because you

14    claim that you saw documents, and what I put to you is --

15       A.   The documents that --

16       Q.   Excuse me.  I have no reason to believe you or to trust you when

17    you say "I don't have any notes now."  Where can you verify what documents

18    of any of these previous agreements that you actually reviewed?  If the

19    answer is, no, you don't have it, I'll take it, I'll move on.

20       A.   Okay.  Well, the documents I referred to are in the film, they are

21    actually filmed in the film and highlighted in the film.  If you want to

22    review those, those are quite obvious.

23       Q.   Notes -- do you have a notepad, a story board, something?

24       A.   I have to say it would be nice if television were as programmed as

25    you think it is.

Page 2082

 1       Q.   So the answer is no.  So the answer is no.

 2       A.   It didn't exist --

 3       Q.   Okay.

 4       A.   -- so I don't quite know what you're looking for.  It never

 5    existed.  So this thing -- you know, you suggest that television

 6    journalists go out with a story pad.  We don't have the time for a story

 7    that's happening so quickly in a war zone, where you're trying to piece

 8    things together.

 9       Q.   I'm just looking at what you say here.  These are your words, "I

10    have not been able to locate any of my notes."

11       A.   Right.

12       Q.   That's what I'm reading.

13       A.   Okay.

14       Q.   So I assume you had notes to lose.  Now you're telling me you

15    never had any notes.

16       A.   Well, the notes would have been, you know, How do we fly into

17    Sarajevo?  How do we get from Split to -- logistical notes.  I don't think

18    it's editorial notes that we are missing here.

19       Q.   What about footage?  We have the complete interview of Mr. Prlic.

20    Did you interview, Mate Boban?

21       A.   We did.  And he --

22       Q.   Did you?  Did you?

23       A.   I did.

24       Q.   Okay.  And do we have all his footage?

25       A.   The BBC, I believe, have that footage.

Page 2083

 1       Q.   Has that been turned over to the Prosecutor?

 2       A.   I don't know, but, I mean, if Mr. Prlic's interview is there, I

 3    can only assume that Mr. Boban's interview is there.

 4       Q.   All right.  And what about the -- did you interview President

 5    Tudjman?

 6       A.   I interviewed President Tudjman.

 7       Q.   And that's the clip that we saw?

 8       A.   There are various clips in the film, yes.

 9       Q.   Okay.  But that's from your interview, not somebody else's

10    interview?

11       A.   Not somebody else's interview.

12       Q.   Okay.  Where might that be, because I don't believe that we have

13    that?

14       A.   I don't know.  I have to say I don't know, but it may be that the

15    BBC has that.

16            THE INTERPRETER:  Would the speakers please slow down and make

17    pauses between questions and answers.

18            MR. KARNAVAS:  Sorry, sorry, sorry.

19       Q.   Okay.  What about the other fellows that you interviewed?

20    Everybody in that film.  Do you have any footage of any of those people

21    other than the one that we have for Mr. Prlic?

22       A.   I don't personally have any of that stuff, I'm afraid, no.

23       Q.   Is that because you sold it to -- or it's not part of your archive

24    any more?

25       A.   It's not part of my archive any more.

Page 2084

 1       Q.   Okay.  That was sold to the BBC?

 2       A.   No.  It was -- you know, you cannot afford to keep all archive

 3    rushes that you have.

 4       Q.   Okay.

 5       A.   So it was just destroyed, I'm afraid.

 6       Q.   Destroyed?

 7       A.   Well, I don't know what has happened to it.  I gave it to channel

 8    4, channel 4 will almost certainly have junked it after ten years after

 9    transmission.  It is of no use.

10       Q.   So does that mean that that would go -- that would apply also for

11    President Tudjman and also Mate Boban?

12       A.   Well, I believe that the fact that the -- Mr. Prlic's interview is

13    in the possession of the Court, means that it is quite likely that the BBC

14    also has Mate Boban's interview because I know they've used that in

15    another context.  It's also quite likely that they have the Tudjman

16    interview for the same reasons, but I don't know.

17       Q.   Okay.  Were you ever asked to find out?

18       A.   No.

19       Q.   Okay.  And but with the other footage you believe it must have

20    been junked.

21       A.   I believe so.

22       Q.   Okay.  Now, I take it you shot quite a bit of footage.  So what

23    remains is what we have right now, as far as you know.

24       A.   As far as I know, yes.

25       Q.   Okay.  So we don't have an unedited version of the various shots

Page 2085

 1    that you took, or the various interviews that you have.

 2       A.   No.

 3       Q.   Okay.  And who chose the editing?  You know, which snippets?  And

 4    I'm saying that because I noticed with Mr. Prlic you asked him

 5    specifically to say, Could you say it on the record, Mostar is the

 6    capital, because you're obviously looking for that one little punchline,

 7    and so could you tell us who did the editing?

 8       A.   As I think I've already explained, it was my colleague and I who

 9    chose the particular pieces that went in, and another colleague who

10    actually did the technical editing.  So there is a distinction there, but

11    the editorial line, the pieces of interview that were chosen, were my

12    responsibility and my choice.

13       Q.   Okay.  And the people that you chose to interview, that list, who

14    came up with that list, if you know, if you remember?

15       A.   I -- I mean, as I said, the film was made by myself and my

16    colleague, Paulette Farsides.  It would have been a collaborative

17    enterprise.  I cannot imagine how we actually came -- I mean, I cannot

18    remember how we actually came up with the final list, but I mean, they

19    were -- they were the kind of obvious people to interview, you know, the

20    president of the state, the president of the mini-state, the newly

21    appointed Prime Minister of the new state, and you know, political

22    advisers who had been at Karadjordjevo, Owen he was at the peace plan and

23    had a vision of that.  I mean, it's kind of obvious where the list came

24    from.  It was --

25       Q.   So you didn't think it was necessary to interview anybody else.

Page 2086

 1    That's a yes or no.

 2       A.   I'm trying to remember whether there was anybody else that we

 3    wanted to interview.

 4       Q.   How about Izetbegovic?  Did you ever ask him, you know, President

 5    Izetbegovic, I want to interview you because I'm doing this film on

 6    Greater Croatia.  Perhaps you could share with us your ideas on what's

 7    happening in all these negotiations you're doing?  Did you ever --

 8       A.   No.  We didn't want to have Izetbegovic.  Actually, since you

 9    mention it, I do remember that we interviewed -- I cannot remember his

10    name.

11       Q.   Not on the film?

12       A.   He's not in the film.  He's a senior Bosnian in the Sarajevan

13    government.

14       Q.   If you only had your notes, you see.  That's why I'm asking for

15    those notes because maybe your notes would reveal --

16       A.   But you have this notion of these notes that are kind of -- I can

17    see, you know, wonderfully laid out.  It's not like that on the road.  It

18    just ain't like that when you're in a war zone particularly.

19            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Karnavas, could you kindly

20    slow down, please.

21            MR. KARNAVAS:

22       Q.   Yes, I understand, especially when you have a result in mind and

23    the focus.  You have already written the story and now it's just a matter

24    of trying to present it.

25       A.   No.  I think if you look at the cast of characters, we did

Page 2087

 1    interview -- he's called Ejup Ganic.  That's who we interviewed in

 2    Sarajevo.

 3       Q.   Okay.  What was his position at the time?

 4       A.   I think he was Prime Minister at the time.

 5       Q.   Okay.

 6       A.   The reason we really assembled the characters is, as I said at the

 7    beginning, we were making a film about the Croats.  We weren't making a

 8    film about the Muslims and what was going on with them.  That's why, if

 9    you look at the film, actually there are very few Muslims in it.  It's

10    about the Croats and what was happening to the Croats, both in terms of

11    what was happening in Herzegovina and what that was doing to the other

12    Croats in Bosnia, particularly in Central Bosnia.

13       Q.   All right.  Well, there were a lot of questions to Mr. Prlic

14    regarding the HVO.  Do you recall that?

15       A.   I've just seen them.

16       Q.   There were a lot of questions as to why did you arm the Muslims?

17    Did you hear yourself ask that question?

18       A.   Because that's what he told me he had done.

19       Q.   Okay.  Now --  Well, he, he himself personally?

20       A.   Yeah.

21       Q.   Was that in the film that he said that he armed the Muslims?

22       A.   Yeah, at the beginning, when the relationship broke down, the

23    Muslims and the Croats got together to defend Mostar and to defend that

24    territory.

25       Q.   How much of that did you know before you went there?

Page 2088

 1       A.   I don't know.  I can't remember.

 2       Q.   Do you know when the Patriotic League was formed?  Or better yet,

 3    who are the Patriotic League?

 4       A.   I have no idea.

 5       Q.   Okay.  Do you know what kind of relationship the Muslims of that

 6    area had with the HVO?

 7       A.   It was however long ago it was -- 13 years ago.  I can't remember.

 8       Q.   All right.  And, well, did you ever ask around who might have been

 9    the commander of the Bosnian Muslims in that area to maybe interview him

10    and try to find out what the conflict was?

11       A.   As far as I was aware, there were no Muslims in that area at that

12    time.  They had been fully cleansed.  I'd been in that area in -- earlier

13    in 1993 and I had met many Muslims then.  There were no Muslims, as far as

14    I could see, in Herzegovina except a few very, very frightened refugees

15    living at the top of a school in Capljina.

16       Q.   I want to make sure I heard this correctly.  Your testimony today

17    is that in Herzegovina, or Bosnia-Herzegovina, there were few Muslims

18    living in that period when you took that film.  That's your position?

19       A.   As far as I was aware, it was certainly the Muslims I had met six

20    months earlier when I'd been in the area had all not -- were all not there

21    any more.  They had been --

22       Q.   This is in?

23       A.   In Herzegovina.

24       Q.   Herzegovina.  It's a pretty large place.

25       A.   It is a large place.  I mean, there were Muslims on the east bank

Page 2089

 1    of Mostar.  I went to interview them, as you saw in the film.

 2       Q.   Was there any army there, any Muslim army there on the east side?

 3    Yes, no, maybe.

 4       A.   There probably were but it was extremely dangerous and I wasn't

 5    going to risk my life any more than I already was.

 6       Q.   But that wasn't the question, was it?

 7       A.   What?

 8       Q.   Whether it was dangerous or whether it was peaceful.  I'm asking

 9    you was there an army there of Muslims?  If yes, did you interview them?

10       A.   I don't know.  I didn't see them.

11       Q.   Okay.  Did you ever ask the question, is there anybody here on

12    this side that I might be able to talk to in order to get sort of like a

13    -- how about a novel idea, a balanced picture?

14       A.   We interviewed two soldiers who had fought with -- three soldiers,

15    actually, who are in the film who had fought with the HVO, who were

16    Muslims, and now were part of the Muslim army in Sarajevo.  It was far too

17    dangerous to interview people on the front line at Mostar.  It was the

18    most dangerous front line I think in the whole of the conflict.

19       Q.   Okay.  Now, you indicated that -- you had indicated to us that

20    this was a very complicated story.  Those were your words.  You know,

21    initially during your direct examination, when you were pitching the idea.

22    Do you recall saying that?

23       A.   Yes, I do.

24       Q.   Okay.  And you interviewed Kljuic.

25       A.   Stjepan Kljuic, yes.

Page 2090

 1       Q.   Right.  Now, did you ask him, by any chance, what his involvement

 2    was in 1991 and 1992 in the party, in the HDZ party?

 3       A.   I can't remember.

 4       Q.   All right.  Well, it's not in the film, so I guess whatever he

 5    said probably was edited out, if he did say anything about that.  Did he

 6    by any chance share with you the positions that he expressed and others

 7    expressed on the 27th of December, 1991?

 8       A.   I can't remember.

 9       Q.   Okay.  Were you aware of any activities going on at that

10    particular time - I'm talking about the end of 1991, or even sort of the

11    middle of 1991 onwards - with respect to how the Croats of Bosnia and

12    Herzegovina were trying to resolve the Croatian issue within this whole

13    conflict that was going on as a result of the break-up of Yugoslavia?

14       A.   I can't remember.

15       Q.   Okay.  I'm just going to hit some high points so others can

16    question you.

17            Did you ever go to Central Bosnia to meet any of the folks over

18    there, whether they were the Muslims or the Croats?

19       A.   I never went to Central Bosnia.

20       Q.   Okay.  So for me to ask you a bunch of questions about Central

21    Bosnia would be futile.

22       A.   Pretty futile, yeah.

23       Q.   Yet you had reached already the conclusion that these folks, the

24    Croats, at least, of Central Bosnia were being sacrificed for the creation

25    of a -- of Herceg-Bosna which was in Herzegovina.

Page 2091

 1       A.   I think the evidence, the testimony of Archbishop Puljic in

 2    Sarajevo represents, you know, the -- the whole feeling of Croats in

 3    Bosnia.  You know, that -- one inevitably has to be expedient if you're

 4    making these films.  You're doing it on a very tight turnaround, on a very

 5    tight budget.  As I said, in a war zone you have to make decisions about

 6    what you can and can't do.  I think that Puljic said what we needed him to

 7    say to back up our case.

 8       Q.   Okay.  Now you said that he -- that Puljic had said that they were

 9    trying to get him -- to convince him to leave Sarajevo.

10            You're shaking your head.  I take it that's a yes.

11       A.   Yeah.

12       Q.   Okay.  Give the translators a break a little bit.

13            Now, what I'm wondering is, I looked at this film and I don't see

14    anywhere where where Puljic is saying that they are trying to convince him

15    to leave Sarajevo.  I mean, it wasn't in the film.  Maybe I missed it.

16    And I watched it several times.

17       A.   I thought he said it in the film.

18       Q.   Okay.  Well, maybe -- I know that he was concerned that he wanted

19    all of Croatians of Bosnia-Herzegovina to be included in some sort of a

20    negotiated plan but I didn't get the impression that he directly said, and

21    His Honours have the video, that they were trying to move him out of

22    Sarajevo and have him come to Mostar.

23       A.   I thought he said that quite clearly in the film, that he wasn't

24    going to leave his cathedral in Sarajevo because that's where he felt he

25    could represent the -- you know, all the Croats of Bosnia-Herzegovina, not

Page 2092

 1    just the Herzegovinan Croats.

 2       Q.   Well, there is a difference between him not wanting to leave and

 3    him being told or urged to leave there, don't you think?  There is a

 4    distinction.

 5       A.   There is definitely a distinction but I really cannot remember at

 6    this distance what he precisely said.

 7       Q.   Okay.

 8       A.   I know that he went on record many times after.  I wasn't the only

 9    person he went on record to.  He was -- he publicised his campaign

10    extremely fully.  He was a staunch anti-Herceg-Bosna person.

11       Q.   Okay.  All right.  As were many other Croats, right?

12       A.   It seemed.

13       Q.   Yeah, depends on where they were.

14       A.   Sure.

15       Q.   All right.  And but did you -- I guess I keep coming back to this

16    idea - I'm trying to figure out - did you do any research to know what was

17    happening in 1991 and 1992 in the region; in Herceg-Bosna, Herzegovina,

18    Central Bosnia?  Did you have a sense of what was really happening before

19    jumping into or fast forwarding to that particular period where you

20    thought this was a breaking story?  I guess that's what I'm wondering.

21       A.   Well, I'd been there, as I said, for quite a long time in the

22    spring of 1993.  I know, you know, it had -- the conflict had antecedents

23    far beyond that.  I think I had read extremely fully and thoroughly, not

24    only historical records but, you know, the material that was coming out

25    from '90, earlier onwards.  I think I felt that I was fully abreast of all

Page 2093

 1    the evidence in order to make that film.  I needed to be.  It was, as you

 2    have repeated, a complicated story, and to extract the main story out of

 3    it, you needed to be that well informed.

 4       Q.   All right.  Well, you indicated on there that Dispatch was able to

 5    obtain the signed, secret protocol.

 6       A.   M'hm.

 7       Q.   Then there was that -- sort of looked like History Channel a

 8    little bit.  Okay.  Now --

 9       A.   History Channel wasn't invented then, I don't think, so maybe it

10    came afterwards.

11       Q.   Maybe it was the result of the BBC's effort in covering the war.

12       A.   Channel 4.

13       Q.   But you say secret.  This was not known to the public?

14       A.   No.

15       Q.   Until you revealed it.  Take a stab; yes, no, maybe.

16       A.   What do you mean by the public?

17       Q.   You say secret.  Secret means nobody knows about it other than the

18    people that were sitting around, making this sort of signed secret

19    protocol.  This was '91, November 1991.  So by 1993 you're saying you

20    obtained this.

21       A.   Yes.  We obtained it from some Croatian journalists.

22       Q.   Okay.

23       A.   I don't think they had published it.

24       Q.   Okay.  But to your mind, this was a secret document?

25       A.   Yes.

Page 2094

 1       Q.   Okay.  Now, did you look at, by any chance, any other documents

 2    that came after that?  For instance, the establishment of the Croatian

 3    Community of Herceg-Bosna, otherwise known as HZ HB?

 4       A.   I cannot remember.

 5       Q.   Okay.  Did you ever try to figure out what was this Croatian

 6    Community of Herceg-Bosna, the HZ HB?

 7       A.   Well, I think I tried to figure it out in the film.  I think the

 8    conclusion I came to is in the film.

 9       Q.   Okay.  What is the difference between HZ HB and HR HB?

10       A.   One is the Croatian Community and one is the Croatian Republic.

11       Q.   Okay.  All right.  Now, could you tell me what the difference is

12    between the two of them?

13       A.   No.

14       Q.   All right.  All right.  Do you know when the HR HB was

15    established; the republic, that is?

16       A.   I -- I probably knew at one point but not now.

17       Q.   Okay.  That would have been around August 28th, 1993.  And in the

18    film, Mr. Prlic tries to describe to you as to -- that they have this new

19    government, right?

20       A.   Yeah.

21       Q.   And you make the point or you ask him the question that he was

22    acting Prime Minister.

23       A.   Yeah.

24       Q.   Okay.  Would it surprise you if I were to tell you - and the

25    Prosecution can correct me if I'm wrong - that he was never an acting

Page 2095

 1    Prime Minister?

 2       A.   Well, as you saw in the whole interview, there was a language

 3    problem.  But I think what I understood from Mr. Prlic was that he had

 4    been acting Prime Minister and that he'd been promoted to being Prime

 5    Minister, but maybe that was to do with the language problem.  Mine as

 6    much as his.

 7       Q.   Right.  Well, you assume because somebody told you that he had

 8    been an acting Prime Minister, he had been president of, you know, of the

 9    government, you know, during -- when it was Croatian Community of

10    Herceg-Bosna.

11       A.   Right.

12       Q.   And I take it you thought that he was actually an acting Prime

13    Minister.

14       A.   My impression is that he actually said that in the tape, but I

15    mean, I -- maybe I'm wrong.

16       Q.   Well, did you make any different -- in your mind did you make a

17    distinction as to this -- this Croatian Community versus the Croatian

18    Republic?

19       A.   I can't remember.

20       Q.   Okay.  Now he says in -- he says during the interview, that he --

21    when it was a Croatian Community, that it was -- that it was temporary.

22       A.   Yeah.

23       Q.   And did you ever ask him -- or better yet, since we know the

24    answer is no, why didn't you ask him, What did you mean by "temporary"?

25    What exactly was this all about?

Page 2096

 1       A.   Well, again, if you looked at that tape as we just did, I think

 2    the communication wasn't particularly strong between me and Mr. Prlic.  I

 3    think, with the benefit of hindsight, it would have been better if we had

 4    done it in his language and we could have actually had a proper debate

 5    going.  As it was, I don't think there was much room to ask really

 6    detailed questions about what was going on --

 7       Q.   All right.

 8       A.   -- because his English wasn't up to it.

 9       Q.   Yes, but were you in control of the interview, so -- I mean -- we

10    can't blame Mr. Prlic now.

11       A.   I'm not blaming him at all.  I'm saying with the benefit of

12    hindsight we could have got more information, probably, out of him if we

13    had conducted it in his language rather than mine.

14       Q.   But suffice it to say he was open?

15       A.   Absolutely.

16       Q.   And you didn't have to cut through any red tape to see him?

17       A.   No, absolutely not.  He was very -- I remember him being very

18    helpful indeed.

19       Q.   All right.  He wasn't trying to steer you in the wrong direction

20    or hide anything?

21       A.   Not at all.

22       Q.   There were no, for instance, boundaries --

23       A.   No.

24       Q.   -- you know, to start with?

25       A.   No, none whatsoever.

Page 2097

 1       Q.   And I take it -- I wasn't there so I wouldn't know, but I take it

 2    there wasn't anything off the record, on the record?

 3       A.   No.

 4       Q.   Because it seems to me you're not the off-the-record type.

 5       A.   You're probably right.

 6       Q.   Okay.  All right.  Okay.  Because we are running out of time and

 7    hopefully we can conclude your cross-examination and have you home so you

 8    won't have to come back, at this point in time, I'm going to yield the

 9    floor to my colleagues, and I thank you very much.  I hope I didn't press

10    you too much.

11            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you.  The next Defence

12    counsel, please.  We have half an hour left.

13            MR. MURPHY:  [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.

14                          Cross-examination by Mr. Murphy:

15       Q.   Good afternoon, Ms. Giles.  My name is Peter Murphy, I represent

16    Mr. Stojic.  I just have a couple of questions for you.  You said that you

17    wrote the script for this film.

18       A.   I did.

19       Q.   Did you write the script before or after visiting the area?

20       A.   That would have been the final stage of the whole process.  It

21    would have been done about the day of transmission, so it was after, well

22    after, visiting the area.

23       Q.   When you approached channel 4 with the story, you clearly had in

24    mind that it was going to be about the setting up of a mini-state.

25       A.   Correct.

Page 2098

 1       Q.   About what you called, I think, in the script the carve-up of part

 2    of Bosnia.

 3       A.   Correct.

 4       Q.   Would it be fair to say that once you had got channel 4 to agree

 5    to that, that was going to be the story and that was going to stay the

 6    story?

 7       A.   I think channel 4's reputation as the sort of seat of best

 8    journalism would not have allowed me to get away with that.  If I'd gone

 9    out there and found a very different story, I would have come back with a

10    very, very different story.  As it was, I came back with the story I had.

11    And what I thought I had read about was in fact fully justified when I got

12    there.

13       Q.   You came back with the story you expected to come back with, isn't

14    that the case?

15       A.   I can't remember at this stage.  I think -- I think it was far

16    stronger than any of us had thought it would be.

17       Q.   Of the film footage that we saw, was all of that shot by your

18    photographer, Mr. Baily?

19       A.   No it wasn't.  There was quite a lot of archive shots,

20    particularly of the fighting.  And the shots in Dretelj were not shot by

21    me.  Dretelj was closed by the time I got there, although when we went to

22    Badija and saw the refugees who were being shipped out to third countries,

23    that was all my footage.

24       Q.   Maybe you can't help, but as a percentage, what amount of the

25    footage would you think was shot by Mr. Baily during your visit?

Page 2099

 1       A.   I would say between 85 and 95 per cent.

 2       Q.   Okay.  And just one other thing:  I was intrigued by one answer

 3    you gave at page 82, line 13, for the record.  You said that you wouldn't

 4    want to interview President Izetbegovic.  Is that because you didn't think

 5    he would have anything to add to the story?

 6       A.   I can't remember, to be honest, why we didn't, but I think -- I

 7    come back to this thing that it was really a Croat story and therefore, in

 8    a way, his part, I mean, his part wasn't very major.  It didn't seem to

 9    me.

10       Q.   There was a scene where you showed him, I think, with President

11    Tudjman, signing --

12       A.   Signing the agreement, yes.

13       Q.   But despite that, you didn't think he would have anything to add

14    if you interviewed him?

15       A.   No.  The main story was really the Zagreb Herceg-Bosna

16    relationship, and that -- you know, we had President Tudjman, seemed to me

17    that we had some pretty heavy hitters.  We didn't need Izetbegovic as

18    well.

19       Q.   Thank you very much, Ms. Giles.

20            MR. MURPHY:  Thank you, Your Honour.

21            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. Murphy.

22    Mr. Kovacic, you have the floor.

23            MR. KOVACIC:  [Interpretation] With your permission, Your Honour,

24    I'm going to take up just five minutes, and my colleague has asked for

25    three minutes.  Mr. Praljak has asked for three minutes.

Page 2100

 1                          Cross-examination by Mr. Kovacic:

 2       Q.   Madam, I'm the Defence counsel for the accused General Praljak

 3    here, and I just have a few short questions for you.  At the beginning of

 4    your film and during your direct testimony you spoke about the country

 5    Bosna, called Bosnia, and you visited Bosnia, you say; is that correct?

 6       A.   If you mean I was using a shorthand and not saying

 7    Bosnia-Herzegovina, yes, yes, that's what I referred to it as.

 8       Q.   And as you just said, that shorthand name was placed in the

 9    footage which you showed to the British public; isn't that right?

10       A.   Yes.

11       Q.   Madam, do you know what that country, Bosnia, was called before

12    the war, before that unfortunate war in 1992 and 1993 in

13    Bosnia-Herzegovina?

14       A.   I believe it was called Yugoslavia.

15       Q.   Do you really think that?

16       A.   I can't remember.

17       Q.   Did you ever hear of the fact that Yugoslavia was a federation

18    made up of six independent autonomous republics?

19       A.   I did hear that.

20       Q.   Did you ever hear about the fact that the Republic of

21    Bosnia-Herzegovina was one of those republics of the former federation?

22       A.   I did hear that.

23       Q.   And what was its name, do you know?

24       A.   I can't remember.

25       Q.   You don't know?

Page 2101

 1       A.   I can't remember.

 2       Q.   But you knew at the time?

 3       A.   I'm sure I did at the time.  I was very immersed in the subject.

 4    I'm not now.

 5       Q.   Do you know today what the country was called while you were

 6    visiting in 1993 and 1994?

 7       A.   I've just said I can't remember.

 8       Q.   Did you know then, at the time?

 9       A.   I can't remember.

10       Q.   Do you know what that country is called today?

11       A.   No.  I don't think I do.

12       Q.   You don't, right.

13            There is part of the interview, a small portion of your

14    conversation with Lord Owen, and he mentions the presence of the Croatian

15    army, the army of the Republic of Croatia in Bosnia.  I want to ask you

16    this:  While you were working on this broadcast, this programme, did you

17    ever see yourself elements of the Croatian army in Bosnia-Herzegovina?

18       A.   Yes.  I remember very well, actually.  In Siroki Brijeg we saw

19    quite a lot of tanks and I remember putting the question to Mr. Boban.

20       Q.   And that was when?

21       A.   In November, 1993, when we were there shooting the film we've just

22    seen.

23       Q.   Madam, you gave the Prosecution a brief statement.  I'm going to

24    read it out to you, just one of the things you say.  It is paragraph 4 and

25    5.  You said that you were in Mostar in November, 1993, and then the next

Page 2102

 1    point, in point 5, you stated that you were there at the HVO press office

 2    in West Mostar, and so on and so forth.  And that you remember having met

 3    there a colleague journalist, Ed Vulliamy.

 4       A.   I do remember that.

 5       Q.   And that was in November, 1993, was it?

 6       A.   Yes, it was.

 7       Q.   If I put it to you that Ed Vulliamy testified here just two or

 8    three days ago and in his statement, for the record - I have to quote the

 9    exact page - it was on the 9th of May, on page 10, line 15, of

10    Mr. Vulliamy's testimony, where he claims he was in Mostar on the 7th and

11    8th of September, 1993, that that was when he was in Mostar.  And then on

12    page 17, line 23, up until page 18, line 4, Ed Vulliamy, Witness Vulliamy,

13    stated that he was there from September, 1993 -- or rather, from

14    September, 1993, until mid-February, 1994, he was not in Mostar.  So

15    something is not quite correct there.  Either you have made the mistake or

16    Mr. Vulliamy has made the mistake.

17       A.   As I think I hope I've made clear in my testimony, this was all a

18    long time ago.  I have left the subject of Bosnia-Herzegovina and indeed

19    the whole of former Yugoslavia behind.  I have a new career.  It may be

20    that I misremembered it, although I would question -- I -- I would like to

21    stick by my story that I remember him being in the HVO press office that

22    day when I went in.

23       Q.   But if I put it to you that in the statement you gave to the

24    Prosecution on the 6th of April 2006, and the 15th of May 2006, that is to

25    say this morning, you were very definite.  There were no reservations

Page 2103

 1    there; you say in November, 1993.

 2       A.   I still -- I know when I was there.  I was there in November,

 3    1993.  I remember Ed Vulliamy being there.  If I've got that wrong, I

 4    apologise.  I'm not retracting it.  I'm saying, however, that it was a

 5    long time ago and that a lot of this has become very, very foggy in my

 6    mind because I'm no longer intimately involved with any aspects of

 7    anything to do with the former Yugoslavia.

 8       Q.   In the footage with Lord Owen and the conversation there with him,

 9    it would emerge from what he said, from his statement -- or rather, an

10    introductory question first of all.  Did you personally talk to Lord

11    Owen --

12       A.   I did.

13       Q.   -- in the film?

14       A.   I did.

15       Q.   You did, right.  Now, in part of his statement, it would clearly

16    emerge that he says that the countries of Western Europe, and he even

17    enumerates them, he mentioned Austria and Germany, countries of the

18    European Community, and also America and the United Nations, had different

19    positions on the events in Bosnia-Herzegovina, or rather, the conflict

20    between the Croats and Muslims in BH.  Did you follow up on that idea put

21    forward by him?

22       A.   No, because that wasn't the subject of our documentary.  The

23    subject, we were asking specifically about what was happening in

24    Herzegovina.

25       Q.   So despite the fact -- to be quite clear, despite the fact that a

Page 2104

 1    very qualified politician, Lord Owen, said that different countries and

 2    international institutions have quite different opinions about these

 3    events, you weren't interested in that and pursued the scenario that you

 4    yourself thought to be relevant.

 5       A.   Well, I think it was clear what he was talking about in terms of

 6    Germany and Austria.  That seemed to be stories about the past, you know,

 7    about the international community in the past.  We were trying to deal

 8    with what was the president -- the present, and what was happening

 9    specifically in this -- this one area of the conflict.  It seemed to me

10    that we needed to focus in order to make it understandable to a wider

11    public.

12            MR. KOVACIC:  Your Honour, I have to go on with my questions but,

13    because of the brief time, I'm going to give up on that and just ask three

14    short questions.

15       Q.   Madam, let's go back to Mostar.  You said you were up at the front

16    line in East Mostar, and so on and so forth.  Who gave you permits to move

17    around Mostar?  It was a war zone, wasn't it?

18       A.   In the west, it was the HVO.  And in the east, I went in with the

19    UN Spanish Battalion, who were regularly patrolling that area.

20       Q.   While you were in the west, before you crossed into the east part

21    of Mostar, did you ask for a permit to move around the territory?

22       A.   I had UNPROFOR --

23       Q.   You said you were up at the front line.

24       A.   I had UNPROFOR accreditation.

25       Q.   Yes, but once again, in the statement you gave this morning to the

Page 2105

 1    Prosecution, and where you mention your colleague Mr. Vulliamy, you said

 2    you were at the HVO press office.  Didn't you go there to receive a

 3    permit?

 4       A.   Yes.

 5       Q.   Yes.  So the HVO issued you a permit, did it?

 6       A.   Yes.  I had a permit from the HVO.  We did quite a lot of filming

 7    with the HVO in a barracks actually.

 8       Q.   And what about when you were on the east side?  The BH army, did

 9    it insist upon you having a permit?

10       A.   No.  I -- I think I've already told your colleague I didn't meet

11    anybody from the BH army.  I was travelling with UNPROFOR, and that's how

12    I gained access to that side of the river.

13       Q.   Tell me, please, you encompassed in your material the story about

14    the old bridge.  Did you happen to notice that the old bridge was

15    protected in a way, physically, by physical obstacles, tyres and things

16    like that, that had been protected from earlier on?

17       A.   I didn't -- I didn't get to the river.  I never went anywhere near

18    the river.  It was much too dangerous on either side.  I didn't go

19    anywhere near the river.

20       Q.   How did you reach the eastern side, then?

21       A.   Oh, because I had to come out and go all the way around and cross

22    right down further down the river, and nobody was crossing at that stage

23    except for, well, refugees, I think, were still crossing across the river

24    at night.  There were certainly shots of that in the Jeremy Bowen

25    documentary.  But I wasn't going to go anywhere near that.  I don't take

Page 2106

 1    those sorts of risks.

 2       Q.   So you know nothing about the old bridge from your own personal

 3    experience?

 4       A.   I know that when it came down, people in Mostar were very shocked

 5    and very upset, on both the east and the west.

 6       Q.   Just slowly, please, just a moment.  What I'm asking you is this:

 7    From your own -- what you personally saw, do you know anything about the

 8    old bridge?

 9       A.   I personally saw a lot of people, on both the east and the west

10    side, being very upset when the bridge was finally destroyed and blown up.

11       Q.   But you didn't see the bridge before that, yourself.  You said

12    that a moment ago.

13       A.   I said that the day I first went into Mostar was the day the

14    bridge was destroyed.  So it wouldn't have been there for me to see, even

15    if I had been brave enough to go up to the river.

16       Q.   Thank you.

17            MR. KOVACIC:  [Interpretation] Your Honour, I would have a few

18    more questions but unfortunately we have to leave time to my colleagues,

19    to be quite proper in our conduct, although there would be quite a few

20    relevant things that I'd like to raise, but never mind.  [In English] I'm

21    sorry, I was asking for three minutes for Mr. Praljak before.

22            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Three minutes for Mr. Praljak,

23    then.

24                          Cross-examination by the Accused Praljak:

25       Q.   Madam, just professional questions.  When the film mentions the

Page 2107

 1    meeting between Milosevic and Tudjman in Karadjordjevo, we see the footage

 2    of the meeting of Milosevic and Tudjman.  Is that footage from

 3    Karadjordjevo?

 4       A.   Yes.

 5       Q.   Are you sure about that?

 6       A.   Yes.  I obtained it from the Croatian television station, and

 7    Mr. Bilandzic, who was my witness to that event, told me that he

 8    remembered that, that -- he verified it for me.

 9       Q.   Everybody says that there were no eye witnesses to that event.

10    Bilandzic said so himself, and everybody denied that any agreement was

11    reached there.  Is that what you say in the film?

12       A.   I think Bilandzic, Mr. Bilandzic, spoke very strongly for his --

13    on his own part.  He had his own experience, and he was, as far as I

14    understood, a witness to it, and he wasn't -- and that's what he told us

15    in the film.

16       Q.   Please, just answer my question.  Bilandzic says that there were

17    no eye witnesses, yes or no?  Is that heard in the film?

18       A.   My recollection of the film - I've just seen it like you've just

19    seen it - is that he said that he was there and he knew what had gone on.

20       Q.   Thank you.  Then you go on to show refugees and say they were

21    refugees from Vares.  The refugees that you filmed, were they from Vares

22    or not?

23       A.   The shots of the people coming out of Vares were not my shots.  I

24    think they came from BBC television.

25       Q.   Thank you.  Thank you.  You talked to a man in East Mostar.  Do

Page 2108

 1    you know that that man was deputy commander of the 4th Corps of the army

 2    of Bosnia-Herzegovina, yes or no?

 3       A.   I didn't talk to any men in East Mostar.  I only talked to the

 4    lady who described her living conditions.

 5       Q.   The man in your film who says that they used bad equipment to

 6    eavesdrop on the conversations of HVO soldiers and that man is the deputy

 7    commander of the 4th Corps of the army of Bosnia-Herzegovina; did you know

 8    that?

 9       A.   I must have done at the time, but I didn't interview him in East

10    Mostar.

11       Q.   Thank you.

12            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] We have ten -- approximately

13    ten minutes left and then we have to stop.

14                          Cross-examination by Ms. Alaburic:

15       Q.   Good afternoon, Ms. Giles.  I'm Vesna Alaburic.  I am defending

16    General Petkovic.  I have two and a half minutes, so would you please give

17    me yes or no answers.  If I understood you well, the intention, when

18    making this movie, the intention of yours, is to show that the Croats in

19    Central Bosnia were sacrificed for the interests of Herceg-Bosna.  The

20    second one was that the Croats wanted to split Bosnia, and third was that

21    that split precisely was the death of Bosnia.  Would you agree with such a

22    general description?

23       A.   Are you asking me to agree with your description of the film or

24    your description of what was going on at the time?

25       Q.   You told us today, and that's recorded on page 40 of the record,

Page 2109

 1    that you wanted to explain the complex situation and that, I'm quoting,

 2     "The Croats in Central Bosnia were sacrificed for the interests of

 3    Herceg-Bosna."  Everything else I said after that was a sort of quotation

 4    of your words.

 5       A.   That is -- I agree that is what the film said.

 6       Q.   As for the death of Bosnia, I'm going to ask you this:  Do you

 7    know that Bosnia and Herzegovina has three constituent peoples, Bosniaks,

 8    Muslims, Serbs and Croats, living there?

 9       A.   I did know that.

10       Q.   Do you know that in early 1992, the Serbs created Republika

11    Srpska, thus setting aside their own territory into an independent

12    territorial entity?

13       A.   Yes.

14       Q.   Would you agree with the conclusion that, precisely by doing that,

15    the Serbs dealt a death blow to the state community of Bosnia-Herzegovina?

16       A.   I think things started to unravel, didn't they, but when the final

17    death blow was launched, I wouldn't like to specify.  I don't think I'm in

18    a position at this length of time from the events to specify that.

19       Q.   Please tell us how come you concluded, in relation to the conflict

20    between Muslims and Croats, that it was that that dealt a death blow?

21       A.   I think you can argue that once -- I think somebody says it in the

22    film, that so long as there was a federation, there was a chance for

23    Bosnia-Herzegovina to continue to have some chance.  Once the federation

24    had broken down, that was really the end.

25       Q.   I apologise, Mrs. Giles, I have to ask you this:  Do you know at

Page 2110

 1    all when the federation was created, the federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina?

 2    When was that territorial entity created?  Did you ever hear of Dayton?

 3    Did you ever hear of the agreements concluded in 1995?  We don't have any

 4    more time for that now.  Clearly some things got confused.  I'm going to

 5    put a very --

 6       A.   I don't think things got confused.  I mean, of course, I've heard

 7    of Dayton.  Dayton happened well after the period that we are talking

 8    about.  We are talking about 1993 here.  I don't know what the point is

 9    that you're making except that you're trying to suggest that I didn't know

10    my facts.  I can tell you that I did know my facts.  I am unclear about

11    them now because, as I've said many times this afternoon, I have left this

12    subject behind.  But I did know my facts at the time and the film speaks

13    for itself.  I think the witnesses in the film do speak much louder than I

14    do.  All I did was I put them on screen.

15       Q.   Thank you very much.  I think that everything is clear as regards

16    that.

17            A very direct question to you:  Today, on page 52 of today's

18    transcript, the words of the presenter on the film are recorded.  You are

19    the author of the scenario.  I'm quoting:  "Franjo Tudjman in July of 1993

20    called for Bosnia and Herzegovina to be divided."  Can you please tell us,

21    when did Franjo Tudjman do that and where?  When did he ever call for

22    Bosnia and Herzegovina to be divided?

23       A.   I don't remember.

24            MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] Thank you very much.  I'm going to

25    skip all my other remaining questions to yield the floor to my colleague.

Page 2111

 1                          Cross-examination by Mr. Jonjic:

 2       Q.   Thank you.  Mrs. Giles, good evening.  I am Tomislav Jonjic, and

 3    I'll be putting two or three questions to you on behalf of my client,

 4    Valentin Coric.

 5            My questions concern the selection of the persons you interviewed.

 6    Specifically, Dr. Bilandzic and Dr. Slaven Letica.  Did you check the

 7    claim of Dr. Bilandzic about Muslims not participating in the negotiations

 8    in which the Croats and Serbs participated?

 9       A.   I can't remember.

10       Q.   Are you familiar with the secret Muslim-Serb negotiations?

11       A.   I can't remember.

12       Q.   Do you know that Dr. Bilandzic, before 1990, was a member of the

13    Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia?

14       A.   I did know that, yes.

15       Q.   Do you know that in 1994, after the conversation with you,

16    Dr. Bilandzic was a diplomat of Franjo Tudjman; he was a special envoy in

17    the Croatian embassy in Belgrade?

18       A.   I don't remember that.

19       Q.   As for Dr. Letica, do you know that he offered himself to Slobodan

20    Milosevic as an advisor?

21       A.   I didn't know that.

22       Q.   Do you know that several years ago, Dr. Letica, in the last

23    parliamentary elections in Croatia, was on the ticket of a party which is

24    normally considered as a right-wing party and that today, he's one of the

25    most vocal supporters or defenders of Franjo Tudjman in Croatia?

Page 2112

 1       A.   No.

 2            MR. JONJIC: [Interpretation] I thank you.  I don't have further

 3    questions.

 4            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Sahota, we have a few split

 5    seconds left.

 6            MR. SAHOTA:  [Previous translation continues] ...

 7            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] I'd like to thank all Defence

 8    counsel who did abide by the time allotted to them.

 9            Mrs. Giles, I would like to thank you for having attended this

10    hearing on behalf of the Prosecution.  We wish you a safe journey home.

11    And I would like the usher to escort you out of the courtroom.

12                          [The witness withdrew]

13            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] So I'm now looking at the

14    Prosecution.  The witness for tomorrow will be there tomorrow, Mr. Mundis?

15            MR. MUNDIS:  Yes, Mr. President.  The witness for tomorrow is here

16    in The Hague and will be ready to testify tomorrow.

17            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] How much time will your

18    examination-in-chief last?  I'm asking you this question to know how much

19    time the Defence team will need.

20            MR. MUNDIS:  If I'm not mistaken, Mr. President, we initially had

21    said two and a half hours, and on the calendar we put down one and a half

22    hours.  One of my colleagues is meeting with the witness or was proofing

23    the witness earlier this afternoon, and I haven't had any further

24    communication from my colleague, but I would expect that we would be

25    somewhere in the vicinity of two hours on direct examination.

Page 2113

 1            JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. Mundis.  I'd like

 2    to thank you all.  We shall reconvene tomorrow.  Our hearing will begin at

 3    9.00.

 4                          --- Whereupon the hearing adjourned at 7.04 p.m.,

 5                          to be reconvened on Tuesday, the 16th day of May,

 6                          2006, at 9.00 a.m.

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