Tribunal Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Page 35998

 1                           Tuesday, 27 January 2009

 2                           [Open session]

 3                           [The accused entered court]

 4                           [The witness entered court]

 5                           --- Upon commencing at 2.17 p.m.

 6             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Registrar, call the case,

 7     please.

 8             THE REGISTRAR:  Good afternoon, Your Honours.  Good afternoon,

 9     everyone in and around the courtroom.  This is case number IT-04-74-T,

10     the Prosecutor versus Prlic et al.

11             Thank you, Your Honours.

12             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. Registrar.

13             Today is Tuesday, 27th of January, 2009.  Good afternoon to the

14     accused, first, to the Defence counsel, the witness, and the OTP

15     representatives, and good afternoon to all the people assisting us.

16             Before I give you the floor, Mr. Bos, for your last 15 minutes,

17     let me return to what Ms. Alaburic said yesterday.

18             I checked the transcript, the French transcript page 32003.

19     There's no doubt, ambiguity at all.  When I put the question, I put it as

20     a question, with a question mark, saying this:

21             "Mr. Petkovic [as interpreted], is it Mr. Petkovic who decided

22     over ..." et cetera.

23             So I made sure that I put the question as a question, not at all

24     as a statement, as shown by the English translation.

25             So in the future, in order to avoid this kind of problem, if you

Page 35999

 1     have any doubt as to what somebody said, wait until you have checked in

 2     the three languages, what was said, to avoid any waste of time, to cast

 3     doubts on people who have nothing to do with the problem at hand.  You

 4     can imagine that I was not going to make a mistake that a first-year law

 5     student would make by drawing conclusions on the basis of a document

 6     that, in itself, raises a lot of issues.

 7             Furthermore, I noted at the end of the hearing that Ms. Alaburic

 8     had withdrawn what she had said originally, and I did take note of that,

 9     but I wanted to check what I had said exactly in the French transcript.

10     That seemed to be so -- such a blunder that I had to check.  It was done.

11     I wanted to reassure you the question was indeed put as a question, with

12     a question mark.  So maybe during redirect, Mr. Stojic's Defence might

13     return to the issue.

14             Yes, Mr. Alaburic.

15             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours, greetings to

16     everyone in the courtroom.

17             I wish to thank you once again for your effort to clear up this

18     sentence, which really sounded strange in the English language.  I

19     accepted already, without any reservations yesterday, your explanation

20     that this was a hypothetical statement.

21             Thank you.

22             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well, thank you.

23             The legal officer said that it was page 35927, whilst I have on

24     my document "Page 32003."  But we have already accumulated 35.000 pages,

25     which is quite a huge number.

Page 36000

 1             Mr. Bos, you may proceed for 15 minutes.

 2                           WITNESS:  DAVOR MARIJAN [Resumed]

 3                           [The witness answered through interpreter]

 4             MR. BOS:  Thank you, Mr. President, and good afternoon, Your

 5     Honours, and good afternoon to everyone in the courtroom.

 6                           Cross-examination by Mr. Bos:  [Continued]

 7        Q.   Good afternoon, Mr. Marijan.  In the remaining 15 minutes, I

 8     would like to take you back to the conclusions of your report, and I'll

 9     ask you to go to your report, to the section "Conclusions."

10             Now, sir, one of my impressions after having read your full

11     report, was that a number of your conclusions at the end of your report

12     didn't really follow logically from what actually was discussed in the

13     report, and let me give you an example of this and which is paragraph 129

14     of your report, one of the conclusions.

15             There, you state:

16             "During the entire period, whenever he was able to do it,

17     Bruno Stojic was cooperative towards international organisations that

18     were active at the territory of the HZ-HB."

19             Now, first of all, what does Bruno Stojic's attitude towards

20     international organisations have to do with the subject of your report,

21     which concerns the structure of the HVO Defence Department?  And,

22     secondly, where in your report do you actually refer to this evidence

23     showing that Bruno Stojic was cooperative to international organisations?

24        A.   Your Honours, good afternoon, first of all, to everyone.

25             I can't remember exactly the point in which I refer to

Page 36001

 1     Mr. Stojic's efforts, but the topic of my expert report is the Defence

 2     Department and Mr. Stojic; therefore, his position as head of the Defence

 3     Department, and I felt that this was an important question.  And in the

 4     course of my studies, I saw a large number of documents.  I didn't see

 5     any document that would be contrary to this.  I think that he was indeed

 6     cooperative in his relations with international organisations.

 7        Q.   Well, sir, you say that you can't exactly point to the -- you

 8     know, where in the report you refer to these efforts, but I put it to you

 9     that you don't refer at all in your report to these efforts, except in

10     your conclusions.

11        A.   Yes, that is correct, but I don't see what is being contested in

12     that respect.

13        Q.   Well, what's being contested is that if you draft a report and

14     you come to the conclusions, normally the conclusions would conclude

15     what's been discussed in the reports, and clearly here, on this

16     particular issue, you don't draw a conclusion on what's based in the

17     report.  You actually draw a conclusion and -- yeah, the conclusion, in

18     fact, comes out of the blue.  It doesn't support anything which is

19     written in the report.  Would you agree?

20        A.   Your Honours, I couldn't agree with that, because in

21     paragraph 294, I listed -- in my footnote, I listed all the documents on

22     which I drew this conclusion.  So it's not out of the blue.  My entire

23     report is based on documents.  I think there's not a single secondary

24     source, if my memory's correct.

25        Q.   Correct, Mr. Marijan, you actually put it in the footnote, but

Page 36002

 1     what I am stating is that if you draw a conclusion, it should be a

 2     conclusion based on what you have written in the report and not just the

 3     footnote to the conclusion.  But, anyway, we'll leave that point aside.

 4             MR. KHAN:  Your Honour, my friend's moving on, but of course

 5     questions should not be argumentative.  They must be very specific

 6     questions.  Perhaps my friend could, if he wishes to pursue this --

 7             MR. BOS:  No, I think we can move on, Counsel.

 8        Q.   Sir, let me ask you now to move to your first conclusion, which

 9     is under paragraph 126, and let me read out this conclusion to you:

10             "The Croatian Community or Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna

11     arose in the final phases of the collapse of Yugoslavia and the internal

12     crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  The crisis of the system and the

13     continued warfare marked the activities of the HZ-HB, which was the local

14     response to the collapse of central authority and the impossibility of an

15     agreement with the other two peoples concerning the fate of

16     Bosnia-Herzegovina."

17             Sir, I have a couple of questions on this particular conclusion.

18             What sort of agreement were you referring to in that last

19     sentence of your conclusion, and what was the objective of the

20     Bosnian Croats as regard to the fate of Bosnia-Herzegovina?  Could you

21     elaborate on this, please?

22        A.   I'm originally -- misunderstood you.  Oh, I see now, I see now

23     what you are asking me.

24             The fundamental issue, or at least my opinion, working on this,

25     was closer to my original finding seven years ago, and analysing the

Page 36003

 1     documents that were available to me, that I managed to get hold of, my

 2     opinion and conclusion is that representatives of the authorities of

 3     Herceg-Bosna tried to come into agreement just before the war and during

 4     the war, and that such an agreement was never achieved because of

 5     different territorial aspirations of all three peoples.  Each of the

 6     peoples had their own views of the war, their own tactics, and which

 7     actually led to the discord and the war.

 8             Now, you have asked the question of the aims.  I think the aims

 9     of the Croats of Herceg-Bosna was an entity within Bosnia-Herzegovina.

10     After all, one must always bear in mind that there was also the

11     international aspect of this problem which favoured cantonalisation or

12     provinces, but in any event, a certain delineation within

13     Bosnia-Herzegovina.

14        Q.   Sir, in your answer you referred to your findings seven years

15     ago.  Were you actually referring to your evidence that you gave at that

16     time in the Naletilic/Martinovic case and the expert report that you

17     submitted in that particular case?

18        A.   Yes, I am referring to those findings.  I think at the time I

19     provided a clearer answer, because I went into Croatian-Muslim problems

20     and I focused on the relationship between the Croats and the Muslims, and

21     in that report the Serbs were given relatively little space.

22        Q.   The last thing I would like to do now is put a couple of quotes

23     from your evidence from that case to you, and I have them here on a sheet

24     of paper which I would like to put on the ELMO.  And I would ask you to

25     comment on the quotes, and these are quotes either from your reports that

Page 36004

 1     you had written at the time or from your testimony in the

 2     Naletilic/Martinovic case.  The quotes are both in English and in B/C/S.

 3     There's five of them, and you can either read them from the paper or --

 4     but they will also appear on the screen.

 5             Let me just read out the first quote which people can also follow

 6     from the screen:

 7             "Therefore the views on a war are in many respects similar, which

 8     does not mean they are accurate.  For Serbs, it was a preventive war with

 9     the purpose to prevent their own experience of 1941, and a war with an

10     objective - an attempt to create an integral Serbian state.  For Croats

11     in Bosnia-Herzegovina, it was a war for emancipation, with a wish to

12     integrate with the parent country."

13             Sir, do you recall this particular paragraph which was in your

14     final consideration of your expert's report?

15        A.   To be quite frank, I don't remember, but it is quite possible

16     that I did write that.  Do you have my report, itself?

17        Q.   Yes, I do, but --

18        A.   May I add something?

19        Q.   Yes.

20        A.   This report was prepared in 2001, and in those days, in preparing

21     that report, I stand by it 90 percent and more.  But since then things

22     have changed, and especially new documents were found, and I was able to

23     look at the archives, the archives of President Tudjman.  I had occasion

24     to read many transcripts.  So if a conclusion -- this conclusion was

25     something I actually said at the time, today I don't think it is in

Page 36005

 1     accord with what I found out later.  After having seen 200 and more

 2     transcripts and comparing that with what happened on the ground, I think

 3     that the basic aim of the Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina was an entity

 4     of their own.

 5             MR. KHAN:  One moment, please, Mr. Bos.

 6             Your Honour, this question, of course, in my respectful

 7     submission, was outside the examination-in-chief.  I don't object on that

 8     basis.  I think, of course, Mr. Bos can proceed, as far as we're

 9     concerned, and test the credibility of this witness.  However, it is

10     somewhat difficult to recall an expert report written seven years

11     previously.  The witness has intimated on one reading that he wishes to

12     have sight of the report, and if my friend wishes to pursue this, I think

13     it's only fair that the actual report of this witness be put to him and

14     the context of whatever is put can be properly understood.  I think

15     that's the fair way of proceeding.

16             MR. BOS:  Your Honours, I have no problems for this witness to

17     actually have this report shown to him as well.  It's in our bundle under

18     Exhibit 3D 00715.  I'm afraid there's only an English version.  The

19     report was only submitted in English in the Naletilic/Martinovic case,

20     and that's why I took out a couple of quotes which were then also

21     translated into Bosnian -- B/C/S.

22             And I think, in fact, that the Stojic Defence counsel included

23     this report also in their bundle of exhibits, if I understood --

24             MR. KHAN:  Your Honour, if Mr. Bos doesn't object, my learned

25     friend, Ms. Nozica, has passed to me the same report, but in a language

Page 36006

 1     that the witness understands.  Perhaps he could be shown that.

 2             MR. BOS:  Yes, of course.

 3             MR. KHAN:  I'm most grateful, Mr. Bos.

 4             MR. BOS:

 5        Q.   Mr. Marijan, you will get the report in your own language, so you

 6     can -- you don't need the binder.

 7             So, Mr. Marijan, from what I understood from your answer, it

 8     seems that your position has changed since you gave testimony in Tuta

 9     Stela, so let me read out the quotes that are related to this point and

10     ask you, on all these quotes, whether you still agree with your position

11     or not.  This is the second quote, and I'll read that out as well.  It

12     says -- this is actually from your -- no, this is again from your expert

13     report, and it reads as follows:

14             "The politics of the Republic of Croatia," and at trial you

15     corrected that to read "the Croats of Bosnia-Herzegovina," so:  "The

16     politics of Bosnia-Herzegovina towards Bosnia-Herzegovina as a state, in

17     which one of the constitutional nations are also the Croats, obviously

18     had a desire for unification into an integral Croatian state.  That is

19     indisputable.  The only disputable thing is the interpretation of the

20     manner in which it was sought to be achieved."

21             So here you say it was obviously there was a desire for

22     unification and that it was indisputable.  Are you now saying that seven

23     years later, your view has completely changed on this point?

24        A.   Your Honours, my personal opinion, when I was writing this, I

25     didn't refer to any documents, so this was my own personal conclusion.  I

Page 36007

 1     always had the impression, and even now I think that the average Croat in

 2     Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the area in which I live, that Croatia

 3     for them had priority over Bosnia and Herzegovina, and this is due to

 4     various circumstances, especially their status in the last 40 years, and

 5     this is understandable to me, up to a point.

 6             As for this particular point, I have written seven or eight

 7     books.  My eighth book is about to be published, and more than 30 papers.

 8     I was never satisfied with them.  I would always revise them and change

 9     them.  So this was my viewpoint at that point in time, and at the time I

10     didn't have access to many things, and some things appeared to me to be

11     simpler at the time, and probably also under the influence of a massive

12     campaign that is still being waged in Croatia today, and probably this

13     led me to reach that conclusion.  And as I said in my previous answer,

14     having seen a large quantity of documents since then, have led me to

15     correct my views, and this is something that will happen constantly.  And

16     history never ends, it's a process, and this is my view of that history.

17        Q.   Let's see how -- on your next quote you talk about, you know, the

18     basis for making -- making these conclusions, and this is actually what

19     you said in your testimony:  "This opinion of mine," and referring to the

20     paragraph above, "is based on my personal contacts.  I did not meet more

21     than two Croats from Bosnia who were not geared towards Zagreb, who did

22     not turn their eyes towards Zagreb."

23             Do you recall this evidence, Mr. Marijan?

24             MR. KARNAVAS:  Your Honour, at this time I would object.  Now

25     we're talking about Croats, the individuals there.  I mean, I don't think

Page 36008

 1     you could go to Greece and find a single Greek that doesn't look to

 2     Constantinople and think that it doesn't belong to Greece.  It doesn't

 3     means that Greeks are going to be attacking Turkey to try to take over

 4     Asia Minor.  I mean, what the Greeks think about Constantinople is no

 5     different than what the Croats might think about in -- from Bosnia and

 6     Herzegovina, but certain areas, that has nothing to do with policy or

 7     politics.  It has to do with individual wishes and aspirations and their

 8     understanding of history, so I would object to this line of questioning.

 9             MR. BOS:  This is evidence that from -- from Mr. Marijan,

10     himself, from his testimony.  I'm just asking him to clarify what he

11     meant by saying this, and I don't see why he couldn't answer on --

12             MR. KARNAVAS:  It's irrelevant, it's irrelevant, Your Honour.  He

13     says he's talking about -- he didn't meet two Croats --

14             MR. BOS:  Two Croats from Bosnia.

15             MR. KARNAVAS:  From Bosnia, they're individuals, and they're

16     entitled to have their aspirations and their entitled to have their

17     understanding of the history.  That has nothing to do with policies and

18     politics.  That's my point of view, and that's why I mention Greeks

19     looking at Const antinople.

20             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, you've just heard what

21     Mr. Karnavas has said, you've heard Mr. Bos' question.

22             In your report, from which I have before me, and what you said in

23     the Naletilic case, you spoke about the Croats.  Now, was that a general

24     feeling or, as was said by Mr. Karnavas, were there individuals having

25     that point of view without that being a general for that matter?  You are

Page 36009

 1     the one who said and testified in that case and wrote that report.  What

 2     kind of additional information can you provide?

 3             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I don't recall this,

 4     but I probably did say this.  Maybe the words are not all there, but

 5     the -- I don't think the gist of it has changed.  This is my personal

 6     feeling.  It's difficult to say now, during the collapse of Yugoslavia

 7     from 1990 until 2001, when this was prepared, it is difficult to say how

 8     many Croats I met.  Anyway, the majority of Croats I was in touch with,

 9     there may have been 100.000 [as interpreted] or 2.000, certainly not more

10     than 5.000, but less, so this is a question taking us back to the past,

11     why the average Croat did not see Bosnia-Herzegovina as their homeland.

12     I think it would take a lot of time for me to explain this.

13             I can give you my example.  I'm from Livno.  It takes about an

14     hour and a half to two hours to reach Sarajevo by car.  To reach Zagreb,

15     it takes three to four hours.  Why did my father build a house close to

16     Zagreb and not close to Sarajevo?  This was in the 1970s already.  So

17     this question touches upon mentality, and Livno has a majority of Croats,

18     and it was a personnel issue that the president of the municipality had

19     to be a Croat.  All the other positions were held by other ethnicities.

20     So the environment within which I moved had a strong feeling of

21     inequality, and this went on until 1990, 1991, and this, in my view,

22     explains why I said this and why the majority of Croats, I don't think

23     they have changed their opinion.  There are very few Croats from Bosnia

24     and Herzegovina that I met who are not turned towards Zagreb.  Madam

25     Nozica is one of them.

Page 36010

 1             I am saying that the majority sees it this way.  I don't see what

 2     the problem is.  It's a problem that goes back to the past, a problem of

 3     enormous injustice, and this cannot be remedied overnight.

 4             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] [Previous translation

 5     continues]... say the counsel, but as there are several, I don't know who

 6     you refer to.  I think you referred to Ms. Nozica, perhaps.

 7             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, yeah, you got it

 8     right.

 9             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Yes, indeed.  In the

10     transcript, it does say "Ms. Nozica."

11             My colleague has a question to put.  Mr. Bos, the Registrar has

12     told me that you've used up your 15 minutes, so you'll have to put the

13     last question, I think.  But first of all, my colleague would like to

14     speak.

15             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Mr. Marijan, my question is a more theoretical

16     nature.  Mr. Karnavas has not without some reason, of course, said that

17     what you refer to here are opinions of individuals, and that, says

18     Mr. Karnavas, is not relevant, and in fact what we are dealing with, what

19     is important, is what the authorities, the official Herceg-Bosna, was

20     aiming at.  Now, I would like you to explain whether, and how, if so, the

21     opinion of individuals is relevant in order to assess the aim of the

22     political entity, and even whether, in fact, you are saying that it is an

23     acceptable method of historical research to rely or at least to take into

24     account what the majority in a certain territory wants?  I hope the

25     question is not too complicated.  It's not too simple, I'm sure.

Page 36011

 1             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, it is a logical fact,

 2     in my opinion, that a political leadership, any political leadership -

 3     we're not discussing whether that will be Bosnian Croats political

 4     leadership or any political leadership - in a certain way such leadership

 5     must keep their ear to the ground and take into account the feelings of

 6     an electorate, so to speak, but let me go back to the time when I was

 7     preparing this first report.  I completely ignored the existence of the

 8     Republic of Croatia or the Republic of Serbian Krajina in the Republic of

 9     Croatia which determined certain political aims, and political aims are,

10     in a certain way, public.  They are made public, being uttered at public

11     meetings or closed meetings of higher political echelons.

12             To me, as a historian, and I did say this because it was my

13     opinion, solely my opinion, and it should be taken as such, there is a

14     possibility to find a Croat who will have a different opinion, because it

15     was formed by different people.  I participated at the HVO three times in

16     three different time intervals.  Not once as a soldier have I or my

17     contacts or the environment of the unit where I was clearly told what

18     were the political aims of Croats in Bosnia-Herzegovina or Herceg-Bosna,

19     whether those aims were clearly stated, put on paper in a form of a

20     proclamation, enumerated, and that is an answer of sorts, in my opinion,

21     about those matters.

22             So as a soldier who was expected to fight, I was not told what I

23     was fighting about, except, and this is not to be sneezed at, defending

24     my own municipality.  And the next-door community from the front-line was

25     my home village, so you do not need any epistles stating high moral

Page 36012

 1     reasons to defend that turf.

 2             Your Honour, your question was a complicated one, so I'm not sure

 3     if my answer suffices.  If necessary, I can elaborate upon it.

 4             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Well, we could go on at length, and I don't

 5     think that's the purpose, to hold a historical methodological seminar

 6     here.

 7             Just if I look at the transcript, on page 14, line 13 and 14, the

 8     English reads:  "Not once as a soldier have I or my contacts or the

 9     environmental of the unit where I was clearly -- where I was clearly told

10     what were the political aims."  I wonder whether you said that or whether

11     you meant to say, "We were never told what the political aims of the war

12     were."

13             Could you make that clear, please?

14             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I can't see the transcript, but it

15     certainly has not been put on record clearly.

16             As I said, me and my unit were never given black-on-white or

17     uttered from somebody coming from higher echelons stating what the

18     aims -- the goals of that were, and this is a matter of strategy which I

19     don't believe Herceg-Bosna had.

20             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, I believe that what

21     you've said is important.  You were one of the few soldiers who has been

22     here to testify.  We know that General Praljak will be testifying;

23     Petkovic as well.  You are an expert and also a soldier, so your previous

24     answer that you gave to my colleague's question prompts me to add a

25     clarification.

Page 36013

 1             You were saying that you were a soldier in the Livno region and

 2     that you did not leave it.  I would like to know the brigade commander,

 3     the deputies, in fact the entire military environment, when they brought

 4     you together for a briefing, before you went into combat, or when you had

 5     meetings, when there were communications between them and you, did they

 6     say, "We are facing an attack, in which case we have to defend

 7     ourselves," or did they say things along the lines of, "We want our

 8     independence, we must recognise Herceg-Bosna," or did they say, "The

 9     Republic is in jeopardy because there's a siege in Sarajevo, there are

10     the Serbs," and so on and so forth?  In other words, did your

11     superiors -- did the commanders have a political discourse where they

12     explained to the soldiers what they were doing or did they tell you

13     nothing?  Did they just say, "There is an enemy and we have to defend or

14     attack"?  According to your recollection, what was the message you

15     received?

16             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, the first two

17     campaigns of the HVO concerned Livno, the first two.  The third one, I

18     was a professional soldier and falls outside this purview, which was in

19     1994-1995, outside the area of Livno.  Two or three times, I was in the

20     area of Gornji Vakuf.  But as far as your question is concerned, I have a

21     good memory, but I cannot really recall anybody giving us a speech on

22     these matters.  That is the problem.  Starting with the battalion

23     commander and the brigade commander, I knew the brigade commander from

24     before the war, he was in the Territorial Defence, but I can't recall

25     ever seeing him during wartime, which speaks volumes about the situation.

Page 36014

 1     We never received any political message.

 2             Your question was specific as to my case.  Maybe somebody else

 3     appearing as a witness may tell you a different story, but my story is as

 4     I've relayed it to you now.

 5             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Witness, as you tell us that you have not been

 6     briefed by the superiors on the aims, I imagine -- I have difficulties in

 7     imagining that it would have been otherwise, that you wanted -- you made

 8     your own assessment of the situation and you had a feeling what you were

 9     fighting for, and I suppose - I don't think this is far-fetched - that

10     you talked with others in your environment, your social environment,

11     military environment, about what you all were fighting for, what your

12     aims were.  Could you tell us something about this?  Have you got a

13     recollection as to whether there was a goal that was predominant in your

14     minds?

15             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, it's not easy to go

16     back in one's mind 17 or 18 years.  I came to the HVO on the day when the

17     conflict in Kupres started, the 3rd of April.  I used a regular bus line

18     from Zagreb to Livno.  There were four or five passengers in all.  I went

19     there because my family -- because of my father and mother, and I believe

20     I mentioned it on the first day of my testimony.  That was my motive.

21     What was important for me then was to keep my -- intact that part of me

22     which was connected to that place, part of my history, and this was my

23     motive then.  I -- there was no need for anybody to tell me or to boost

24     my morale about that.  I believe that I had high morale.

25             At the time, I was a student.  We were a student unit, and we

Page 36015

 1     were specific in terms of our thinking.  We know that current affairs or

 2     current politicking was not our focus.  Judge Antonetti asked me about

 3     that, and I don't believe that we even reacted to the proclamation of

 4     Herceg-Bosna in August of 1993.  It would have stuck in my memory had we

 5     had a particular reaction to it.

 6             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Your answer, Mr. Marijan, seems to cover the

 7     beginning of your activity as a soldier.  Then, after a certain time, the

 8     Serb attack was stopped and the danger from the Serbs moved into the

 9     background, and that the main opponent were the Muslims.  At that time,

10     did you still feel that you had to defend your family in Livno against

11     the Muslims, even when you were sent to for Gornji Vakuf, or did you --

12     did you develop your ideas about what the war was about?

13             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, in Livno we were not

14     threatened by Muslims because of the conflagration, lay of the terrain,

15     compared to those at other places.  What I remembered about the conflict

16     was that we were unclear as to the purpose of that conflict, of that war.

17             With regard to Gornji Vakuf, we held our lines in

18     Croatian-populated villages, and the predominant way of thinking was that

19     we were a bit upset because there were no locals of those villages there

20     at the time.  I recall that we did not like it.  We felt that we were

21     doing a job that we thought the local people should be doing.

22             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Thank you.

23             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Bos, I told you that you

24     have used up your time.  If you have one last question, please put it

25     now.

Page 36016

 1             MR. BOS:  If I can then conclude with the last quote that I have

 2     on that page, which follows from that other quote, and it sort of relates

 3     to what you just said, that there were no higher echelons stating the

 4     political aims.

 5             Sir, if I can put that last quote to you as my last question,

 6     this is what you stated in your expert report:

 7             "Croatian politics towards Bosnia-Herzegovina obviously had a

 8     starting point in the assumption that Bosnia-Herzegovina cannot survive.

 9     One can agree with that or not agree.  The views of Franjo Tudjman on

10     Bosnia and Herzegovina were not a secret.  He did not believe in its

11     viability, which can be documented by his statements and, less reliably,

12     by the claims of various witnesses of the history."

13        Q.   Sir, do you recall this evidence?  And let me ask you a concrete

14     question:  What are the statements that you are referring to made by

15     Mr. Tudjman?

16        A.   Your Honours, this was uttered in 2001.  At that time, in Croatia

17     certain transcripts started to emerge for current political purposes.

18     The first was the 27th of December, 2001, and then I believe that this is

19     public knowledge, and a series of transcripts were unearthed, and Tudjman

20     himself issued a number of statements.  He was a person who spoke before

21     thinking, in political terms, if it could be put that way.  I thought

22     that he was transgressing at the boundaries of politics and was talking

23     too much, but in none of the transcripts did it emerge that he had made

24     an agreement with Slobodan Milosevic on the division of

25     Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Page 36017

 1             Fifteen years have passed since the Dayton Accords, and of all my

 2     statements that I had issued then, this is the one that I would stick by.

 3             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Praljak, I see you're

 4     standing.

 5             THE ACCUSED PRALJAK: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I would like

 6     to know when the witness states a series of statements by President

 7     Tudjman, at least those should be -- should be said when and where those

 8     statements were issued, so that we can refer back to them down the road.

 9     I'm going to provide testimony, so I will need to know when a president

10     of the state issued a statement, where they were recorded, and where we

11     can find them.  Otherwise, we are just a discussion club.

12             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, you said that

13     President Tudjman made a number of statements, but you didn't give us the

14     dates of those statements, so we don't know precisely what you're

15     referring to.  I presume that you have taken a look at the presidential

16     transcripts.  I don't know whether you can give us a precise date.  Can

17     you, can you not?

18             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, maybe I was prompted

19     by poor interpretation.  I said it could be corroborated by his

20     statements, I mean, President Tudjman's.  There were a number of his

21     statements published in daily newspapers.  I cannot recall specific

22     dates.  I know that some of the them have been published in a

23     publication, a book, Croatian words to -- the external words.  Some were

24     uttered at SFRY Presidency meetings, sessions, but I can't really

25     specify.

Page 36018

 1             MR. BOS:

 2        Q.   But you've been talking about this statement, but you haven't

 3     said one thing about the content of the statement.  What did Mr. Tudjman

 4     actually say in these statements?  I haven't heard anything about that.

 5        A.   I think -- well, first, Tudjman's politics should be researched

 6     and studied in detail.  Otherwise, one could draw conclusions misguided

 7     on the basis of a number of his statements.  My opinion is that Tudjman's

 8     policy was geared towards the Croats in Bosnia-Herzegovina being given an

 9     entity.  I believe that he discussed this with Mr. Izetbegovic and

10     Mr. Milosevic.  In my opinion, such matters were not unknown, and the

11     International Community shared this opinion.  It constantly divided

12     Bosnia and Herzegovina into three entities, and this influence on

13     President Tudjman should not be ignored and should be further researched,

14     because there is a fourth dimension to the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina

15     here.

16             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Bos --

17             MR. BOS:  Your Honour, I will leave it at this, and thank you for

18     your answers, Mr. Marijan.

19             MR. KARNAVAS:  Your Honour, I just wanted to point out that on

20     page 19, I believe it was line 13, there was a reference to a

21     presidential transcript, and the gentleman indicated it was 2001.  It was

22     the 17 December, and we have here "2001."  Perhaps he could give us the

23     correct date.  I know the date of that particular transcript, but perhaps

24     the witness could tell us which one he was referring to.

25             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Well, most probably I did not

Page 36019

 1     state -- state it.  This was 1991.

 2             MR. BOS:  I have just one more administrative matter.

 3             The two pages of the quotes, if I could get an IC number for this

 4     document, Your Honour.

 5             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Registrar, an IC number,

 6     please.

 7             THE REGISTRAR:  Yes, Your Honour.  The document shall be given

 8     Exhibit IC 00905.  Thank you, Your Honours.

 9             MR. KARNAVAS:  Your Honour, if I may, are we introducing the

10     entire pages or just the quotes?

11             MR. BOS:  Your Honours --

12             MR. KARNAVAS:  Because the quotes are in the transcript already.

13     I haven't -- I mean, I know that -- I haven't looked at the transcript,

14     and if I wanted to pull a fast one - I'm not suggesting that one is being

15     pulled on us - but if there's anything else in those pages that haven't

16     been put to the witness, then obviously they shouldn't come in.  The

17     quotes are in the record.  The record speaks for itself, and I see no

18     reason why we need those -- an IC number for those documents.

19             MR. BOS:  It's correct that I read them out, so I'm happy to

20     leave it with the records and no IC number.  It's not necessary,

21     Your Honour.

22             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Fine, so it's not necessary.

23             Registrar, we will not give it a number, particularly as the

24     number did not come up on the screen.  So, Registrar, there is to be no

25     number.

Page 36020

 1             THE REGISTRAR:  Yes, Your Honour.  The number -- Exhibit IC 00905

 2     [Realtime transcript read in error "975"] is withdrawn from the record.

 3     Thank you, Your Honour.

 4             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, I have one last

 5     question that I'd like to put to you, which --

 6             JUDGE TRECHSEL: [Interpretation] A correction to the transcript.

 7     905 and not "975."

 8             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Registrar, the IC number is 905

 9     and not 975.  That is the number to be withdrawn.

10             THE REGISTRAR:  That is correct, Your Honour.

11             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, I have one last

12     question to you, which concerns the conclusion of paragraph 126.

13             I presume that for you, it was important to read this in

14     paragraph 126, where you say that the Croat Community or the Herceg-Bosna

15     Republic came from the dismantling of former Yugoslavia, and there was a

16     crisis and so on.  And you conclude by saying:  "... because it was

17     impossible to find an agreement with the other peoples," the three; in

18     other words, Serbs, Croats and Muslims.  And in reading that conclusion,

19     and bearing in mind what you said earlier on, concerning the Serb

20     Republic of the Krajina, I would like to put the following question to

21     you:

22             On the basis of all of the documents you have seen, all of the

23     works that you have written, the testimony in the Naletilic case, I'd

24     like to know whether what happened in Herceg-Bosna, Herzegovina

25     particularly, is it the same type of event as those that occurred in

Page 36021

 1     Krajina, in the Serb Krajina of Croatia, or in Republika Srpska?  In

 2     ex-Yugoslavia, was there not identical behaviour in regions -- in zones

 3     that had a dominant ethnic group where a mode of behaviour was followed

 4     which led to this type of entity?  Is this a matter that has been the

 5     subject of study, of reflection, and what is your personal opinion?

 6             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, there was an attempt,

 7     particularly in daily newspapers, to draw a sign of equality between the

 8     Republic of Srpska Krajina in Croatia and Herceg-Bosna in

 9     Bosnia-Herzegovina.  The problem there is I don't believe that this

10     comparison is tenable.  In Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Croats were a

11     constituent people.  In the Republic of Croatia, the Serbs became an

12     ethnic minority.  I don't know whether you know the background of these

13     events, the whole story in the context of the disintegration of

14     ex-Yugoslavia, and its fulcrum in the issue, when Serbia started denying

15     an ethnic minority their constitutional rights in Kosovo, and this of

16     course influenced other groups and resulted in a fear infiltrating the

17     relationship between a minority and a majority in a certain area.

18             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you for your answer.

19             Ms. Nozica, the Court has granted you one hour, but we would like

20     to remind you that in the questions you will be putting as part of your

21     redirect, these questions must be related to the questions put by the

22     Prosecutor.  So for us to know precisely where we're going, it would be

23     much better if you were to say, for instance, "On page X, line Y, the

24     Prosecutor put such and such a question.  Witness, you gave this answer,

25     and now I would like to put the following question to you," so that we

Page 36022

 1     can establish a clear link between the cross-examination and your

 2     redirect.

 3             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honours.

 4             Good afternoon to everyone in the courtroom.  I just wish to

 5     point out that my cross-examination will not relate exclusively to the

 6     cross-examination of the Prosecutor, but that it will partly relate to

 7     the cross-examinations of other Defence counsels, and I would appeal to

 8     the Trial Chamber to allow me, in this first part, my questions be

 9     directed to the questions put by the Prosecutor to the witness today.

10     For this, I don't need any documents.  And then, if possible, I would ask

11     for us to have a break, once I complete the first part of my questions,

12     so that we might distribute my documents, so as to make the best of the

13     time available, because I will certainly be using my time and using it up

14     after the break.

15             I would like to ask Your Honours whether you agree with this

16     methodology.  If not, give me a minute to distribute the documents

17     straight away.

18             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Let me ask my colleagues.

19                           [Trial Chamber confers]

20             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] You may proceed as you

21     suggested.  Put your questions on the basis of the Prosecutor's

22     questions, then we'll have a break and you will distribute some

23     documents, and you can continue.

24             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honours.

25                           Re-examination by Ms. Nozica:

Page 36023

 1        Q.   Mr. Marijan, in the report that you filed in the Naletilic case,

 2     did you delve into the question of aid to the Croatian Community of

 3     Herceg-Bosna in arming, training, and other facilities to the Army of

 4     Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1991 onwards?

 5        A.   Your Honours, I don't think I did.  I may have just mentioned it

 6     without going into any detail.

 7        Q.   Mr. Marijan, I'm afraid that I may be more familiar with your

 8     report than you are, so I would like you to look into that report during

 9     the break.  Yes, you did study those issues, and they have been

10     elaborated in your report.

11             There's an intervention on page 22 -- no, I'm sorry, page 25,

12     line 22, whether you delved into the question of aid of the Croatian

13     Community to the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

14             Mr. Marijan, you said today, and this follows from the quote from

15     your report, when you spoke about the position of Croats of Bosnia and

16     Herzegovina, and this is recorded in line 10 -- or, rather, page 10, line

17     20, the Prosecutor quoted from that report and you said that you were

18     voicing your own opinion?

19        A.   Yes, that is right.

20        Q.   You then also said that after providing that report, you gained

21     possession of other presidential transcripts and other documents, due to

22     which you changed your view as expressed during the trial of the

23     Naletilic/Martinovic case; am I right?

24        A.   Yes, but I would like to correct it.  I didn't gain possession; I

25     just had occasion to read transcripts.  It is only the Prosecution that

Page 36024

 1     can gain possession of the documents, but I did have occasion to read

 2     them, due to circumstances.

 3        Q.   Let me now turn back to the questions addressed in this report,

 4     the documents and transcripts, and everything else that you had at your

 5     disposal at the present time, because I acknowledge what you say, that as

 6     an historian -- a historian, giving assessments of past events is a

 7     process, and that it cannot be established with reliability at any

 8     particular point in time.  So I'm asking you, at this point in time, on

 9     the basis of all the evidence that you have reviewed in this case, is

10     your opinion the same as you presented it today, and that is that the

11     Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna did not have, as its aim, the

12     secession of parts of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina?

13        A.   I think I expressed that opinion quite clearly earlier on, on the

14     basis of all the documents I've seen up to the present, that the aim of

15     the Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a constituent unit within

16     Bosnia-Herzegovina.

17        Q.   Let me now go a little forward.  In the course of 1992 and 1993,

18     did you have occasion to come across memorandums of the

19     Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna and whether it was quite clear in

20     those documents where the Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna belongs?

21        A.   What I saw, I don't remember a memorandum that was printed and

22     used.  I think it was customary, in my brigade in 1993 and 1994, the

23     heading always started with:  "Bosnia and Herzegovina," and then:  "The

24     Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna."  Is that what you had in mind?

25        Q.   For the benefit of the transcript, could you be more precise in

Page 36025

 1     your answer?  Did you see a single printed memorandum without

 2     "Bosnia-Herzegovina" heading it?

 3        A.   All the memorandums I saw, and I saw many, always started with

 4     "The Republic of Herceg-Bosna" at the top.

 5             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] A quick follow-up question,

 6     Witness.

 7             We heard a witness before who was a soldier, like you, and he

 8     explained that in his unit, he had insignias on his uniform.  On the one

 9     hand, he had the sign of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; on the

10     other, the sign of the HVO.

11             With regard to your own uniforms, could you tell us what kind of

12     insignias you had?

13             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, my wartime uniform in

14     1992 and 1993 is at home.  I keep it as memorabilia, and I don't think

15     there are any insignia on it.  I didn't like to put insignia of the

16     brigade or anything else.  I simply didn't feel like it.  I didn't want

17     to attach insignia.  I collect these things, and I did see many insignia.

18     I collect them.  And I think I said on the first day that at least in

19     1992, in Livno, the battalion received orders to remove all insignia

20     which were contrary to the HVO.  And if I delve into the issue more

21     deeply, I think it was mainly directed against the HOS and not against

22     the BH Army, because the HOS, in the territory where I was, was

23     considered a greater problem.  So in 1992, the Muslims in Livno - maybe

24     not all of them, but most of them - did wear both insignia.  Sometimes

25     there was the TO insignia rather than the BH Army insignia at the time.

Page 36026

 1             MR. BOS:  Your Honours, before Ms. Nozica continues, I just want

 2     to make an objection to the last question that was put by Ms. Nozica,

 3     which was an extremely leading question, and I -- in redirect I think she

 4     should be not asking leading questions, but open-ended questions.

 5                           [Trial Chamber confers]

 6             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Yes, Ms. Nozica, do avoid

 7     putting leading questions.  You're a great professional.  You must be

 8     able to achieve the same result with open questions.

 9             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  I

10     apologise.

11             Judge Trechsel wanted to say something.

12             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Yes.

13             Mr. Marijan, you have said that you have never seen a document

14     without -- an official document of Herceg-Bosna which did not have

15     "Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina" on it.  I suppose you have seen all the

16     documents that figure in your footnotes, haven't you?

17             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I apologise,

18     Your Honour.  My question was quite different and very precise.  I asked

19     about memorandums, if a document had a memorandum.  I didn't ask about

20     documents that did not have a memorandum, so I think that is why the

21     witness said what he did.

22             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  You're absolutely right, I didn't use that, but

23     you are aware, Witness, that there are letterheads printed formal which

24     said "Hrvatska Sjednica Herceg-Bosna" [phoen] and "Hrvatsko Vijece

25     Obranje," [phoen] but no reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Page 36027

 1             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I think that was very

 2     rare.  I think the vast majority had the words "Republic of

 3     Bosnia-Herzegovina."  They were printed.  And this is a question of

 4     archives or the general affairs of a unit.

 5             A large number of documents were written on an ordinary

 6     typewriter.  In that case, the copy --

 7             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Just for the record, I'm referring to document

 8     2D 01356.  That was the example that I found now, after looking for it

 9     for two or three minutes in a binder I picked at random.

10             Thank you.  Please proceed, Ms. Nozica.

11             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, in continuation of my

12     re-examination, the witness will be shown several documents, and we will

13     see documents without this heading.  Let me proceed.

14        Q.   Mr. Marijan, in answer to a question by His Honour

15     Judge Antonetti, you said, and that is how Their Honours understood you

16     to say, that in 1992, you came to your home in Livno to defend your own

17     town and your parents.  I think that is what you actually said.  And you

18     said that this was an attack by the Serbian army.  Is my understanding

19     correct?

20        A.   Yes, it was an attack by the Serbian army.  If something is not

21     clear, I can say that the area where we were, the neighbouring

22     municipalities, Glamoc, with a majority Serb population, our trenches and

23     defence lines were about 150 metres within our municipal boundaries, so

24     those lines were along the cadaster boundaries of the municipality.

25        Q.   Mr. Marijan, when we're talking about 1993, your second tour of

Page 36028

 1     duty, when Judge Trechsel asked you about this, did you go to

 2     Gornji Vakuf to carry out an attack against the Muslims or for some other

 3     reason?  I do not wish to put a leading question and thus bring you back

 4     to what you said on the first day of your testimony.

 5        A.   Your Honour, in Gornji Vakuf, we -- our positions were always in

 6     a village that had a majority Croat population, which means defence.  In

 7     those days, the BH Army was exerting strong pressure on Gornji Vakuf, and

 8     the front-line was very strange, I must say.

 9        Q.   And my final question --

10             MR. BOS:  Your Honour, I'm sorry to interrupt, but I think in

11     this case it would be helpful if we got the exact month in 1993 that

12     Mr. Marijan was in Gornji Vakuf in order to confuse -- not to get

13     confused.  At the moment, it only says "1993."

14             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honour, Mr. Marijan has

15     indicated the time with precision, but I don't mind if he answer it

16     again, and let it be in the time of my dear colleague.

17             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I can't remember the

18     exact date, but it was in the late autumn.  I think it was late autumn

19     and there was snowfall.  And then the second area, I was at home for

20     Christmas, and the third was just before the Washington Agreement, if my

21     memory's correct.

22             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, earlier on -- before

23     Ms. Nozica asked you the question, I wanted to ask it myself and now I do

24     have to ask it.  Earlier on, in order to explain why you went to

25     Gornji Vakuf, you said that you went there to guard villages, and you

Page 36029

 1     said "because the inhabitants were no longer there," that's what I

 2     understood, and you were frustrated to see that they were gone.  Is that

 3     what you said?

 4             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I think this was during the

 5     evidence presented by the Prosecutor, and we were unhappy that in a fit

 6     of panic, able-bodied people had fled, and there was the question as to

 7     why we are going there when the local inhabitants are not ready to defend

 8     themselves.  That was our view at the time, but now, to be a soldier in

 9     Gornji Vakuf was far more difficult a task than to be a soldier in Livno.

10             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Good, but this, your answer,

11     prompts me to think of something I hadn't thought of before.

12             In the concept of defence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, be it in

13     Livno or Gornji Vakuf, in terms of defence, is it first the inhabitants

14     that must defend the area; is that a general principle?

15             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, for a long time, maybe

16     up to the summer or the late -- late summer of 1993, that is how the HVO

17     functioned.  Each unit, even though they were called brigades, according

18     to military rules, it is a unit that is not linked to a particular

19     territory but can go further afield.  But most municipalities, virtually

20     all of them in Herzegovina and this part of Bosnia where I come from, the

21     defences were mostly a local affair.  In Gornji Vakuf, because of

22     difficulties and problems, the brigade lost some effectives, and I don't

23     know whether it even had two companies.  What its real ability was could

24     be seen in 1994.  After the war against the Muslims, it was reduced to a

25     battalion.  So that was what it should have been, regardless of the name

Page 36030

 1     that it had as a brigade.

 2             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, if defence was a local

 3     affair, which is what you said; in Capljina it should be defended by

 4     locals, in Prozor it should be locals, the same for Mostar, Livno,

 5     Gornji Vakuf, always locals.  Now, to put all this together, to organise

 6     defence as was conceived by the Croats in Herzegovina, was that basically

 7     a locally-based, municipality-based defence, and in this context the

 8     military component of the HVO, with the head of staff, et cetera, what

 9     did they do as part of this general principle or in relation to it?

10             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] The role of higher levels of

11     command in the operation zone and the Main Staff of Herceg-Bosna at the

12     time was to strengthen defence lines where they were threatened.  If

13     somebody attacks you, they first assess your weak spots and then they

14     concentrate their forces there.  Practically, one takes a look at

15     Main Staff documents in the latter part of 1993, one gains an impression

16     of a fire-fighter skipping with a bucket of water here and there, trying

17     to put out fires all over the place.  Very small forces would be brought

18     to a place, manoeuvres with one or two artillery pieces, be it cannon or

19     mortars.  It was very difficult to withdraw a brigade-size unit from one

20     place to shore up the defence of another place, and this is the gist of

21     what I was saying about the local type of defence in Herceg-Bosna.  But

22     this was not particularly just to Herceg-Bosna.  I perceived the same

23     thing in other armies.

24             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] For example, if the soldiers in

25     Prozor had been told, "You have to go to Livno or Mostar," would they

Page 36031

 1     have been reluctant to do so?  Would they have said, well, it was not

 2     their problem, that their only goal was to defend Prozor and not to go

 3     anywhere else?  Was that the general state of mind of all soldiers, such

 4     as you, who were there?

 5             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, as per decree, each

 6     soldier of the armed forces of the HZ-HB had the duty to serve at any

 7     territory, but very often we had refusals by a whole unit to go

 8     somewhere.  So there was -- there were efforts to convince them higher

 9     levels of command had to be involved, and very often the whole thing was

10     more for resembling begging than to go somewhere, rather than convincing

11     them that they should do so.

12             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Ms. Nozica, we have five

13     minutes left before the break.

14             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  Only two

15     more questions concerning this topic.

16        Q.   Mr. Marijan, please, I've just taken a look at your report.

17     That's 3D 715.  I'm not going to recall it, but I'd like to refresh your

18     memory.

19             You said, in your report, that the Croatian state sent armaments

20     to the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina through the HVO, and as per your

21     then research, this continued until mid-March of 1993.  Do you recall

22     discussing this?  If so, say it; if not, I will go to another topic.

23        A.   Yes, after this text, I prepared an addendum to this report, and

24     I never meant to go back to it, to revisit it.  I found some documents

25     that corrected my opinion, and that was published in Mostar at a later

Page 36032

 1     date.

 2        Q.   And the final question about this:  You discussed the structure

 3     of Bosnia-Herzegovina.  You spoke about today's circumstances, and you

 4     spoke about the fourth conflict, and this is why my question is going to

 5     be very specific.  Did all Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina have a single

 6     opinion as to the internal structure of Bosnia-Herzegovina, or whether

 7     there was among Muslims or Bosniaks there were inter-Bosniak conflicts

 8     arising from differing opinions about the internal structure of

 9     Bosnia-Herzegovina?

10        A.   This is a specific quality of Bosnia-Herzegovina --

11             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  I'm sorry, Witness.  I have difficulties linking

12     this question either to the report or to the cross-examination by the

13     Prosecutor.  I think it's outside the scope of your redirect.

14             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I beg to differ.

15     I think this is what the witness was discussing when he said, asked by

16     His Honour Antonetti, as far as I can remember, when he was asked about

17     his conclusion in his report about the peoples in Yugoslavia could not

18     reach an agreement, the witness discussed Bosnia-Herzegovina, different

19     views held by Serbs, Muslims, and Croats, and he mentioned the fourth

20     conflict or the fourth side.  I do believe that this is what the witness

21     meant.  And since, in his report, the witness stated that no agreement

22     could be reached on the structure of Yugoslavia, asked about that by the

23     Prosecutor on how the Croats saw the internal structure of

24     Bosnia-Herzegovina.

25             Now I, following from that, asked the witness whether all the

Page 36033

 1     Muslims or Bosniaks had a single view of the internal structure of

 2     Bosnia-Herzegovina or whether, during that conflict or war, there was a

 3     fourth conflict which stemmed from such differing views, and which he,

 4     himself, mentioned.

 5             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Thank you.  Perhaps we should ask the witness.

 6             Did you also study the opinion of the Muslims in

 7     Bosnia-Herzegovina, generally?

 8             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I did not deal with

 9     Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina in detail, but each document I had

10     possession of, I read.  There's no doubt about that, and I mentioned that

11     in my previous report.  The Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina were specific

12     in that there was an internal conflict among their ranks, unsurpassed by

13     a difference of opinion in any other side.  I'm not sure whether I said a

14     fourth conflict.  I mentioned that the International Community drew lines

15     on the map as well, and they cannot benefit from an amnesty of what they

16     were doing in the overall scheme of things.

17             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation]

18        Q.   When you say -- what I'm specifically interested in, in the

19     inter-Bosniak conflict, what was the reason for it?  I don't want to give

20     a leading question?

21        A.   I did not find enough documents.  What is the matter here is that

22     Cazin Krajina and Fikret Abdic, and the fact that that conflict did

23     erupt, means that Mr. Abdic's opinion differed from that of the -- that

24     held by Alija Izetbegovic, which was a unitary Bosnia-Herzegovina.

25     Mr. Abdic favoured a view of greater autonomy, and this entered the title

Page 36034

 1     of that entity around Bihac and Cazin.

 2        Q.   Could you share with us the title or the name of that territory

 3     controlled by Fikret Abdic?

 4        A.   The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, I think.

 5             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] That's correct.

 6             Thank you, Your Honours.  I will continue after the break.

 7             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Let's have a 20-minute break.

 8                           --- Recess taken at 3.44 p.m.

 9                           --- On resuming at 4.06 p.m.

10             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] The session resumes.

11             I believe, Ms. Alaburic, you wish to put a question; is that

12     correct?

13             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] No, Your Honour, I did not want to

14     ask any questions.  And, procedurally, I'm in no position to ask

15     questions.  I just wish to say that at the end of today's session, I will

16     have an oral submission to make, if there will be sufficient time for

17     that.

18             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Fine, thank you.  So that was

19     for the oral motion, the oral submission.

20             Please proceed.

21             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honours.

22             Following your instructions, I will make a reference, before each

23     group of questions, to what I'm anchoring my questions on from the

24     cross-examination.

25             The first question I'm going to ask of Mr. Marijan refers to his

Page 36035

 1     answer recorded on page 35720, line 13 to 25.  I would just like to note,

 2     since Mr. Marijan does not have that part of the transcript, that it

 3     refers to his explanation about the authorities of the HVO of the HZ-HB;

 4     more precisely, his explanation about the difference between the position

 5     of the president of the HVO HZ-HB and the Presidency of the then-state,

 6     as he put it.

 7        Q.   Mr. Marijan, in your answers you made reference to a statutory

 8     decision.  I would like to ask you to take a look at the first document

 9     in the binder, and that is P 00303, and I would like to ask you to

10     continue your answer in this vein, if you wish so, about the authorities

11     or competences within the HVO of HZ-HB.

12             Mr. Marijan, asked about my learned colleague Karnavas's, you

13     reconfirmed what you said on several occasions, that you were not a

14     lawyer, and for that reason I would like you to take a look at this

15     decision and to refer to the sections or articles that you thought

16     governed the issue of competencies and not to comment on it in any way.

17     Please take a look and read through the section or article that you

18     thought governed authorities or competencies.

19        A.   Your Honours, I referred to Articles 14 and Article 9.

20        Q.   Would you like to read those articles, please?

21        A.   Article 14:

22             "Croatian Defence Council performs the supervision of its own

23     work and municipal HVO.  HVO may rescind the acts of the bodies from the

24     previous article."

25             And Article 9:

Page 36036

 1             "The presidents of the HVO manages the work of the HVO and is

 2     responsible for its work.  It secures a unity of political and security

 3     of work of HVO, effects cooperation with other bodies of the HZ-HB, and

 4     directs the work of HVO as a whole and its constituent parts.  The

 5     president of the HVO signs the documents of the HVO.  The Presidency of

 6     the HVO, in the case of absence or circumstances of them not being able

 7     to, is replaced by a deputy."

 8        Q.   Mr. Marijan, this -- is this everything you wanted to say during

 9     cross-examination as to the competencies of the president of the HVO and

10     the head of the department, because this was the gist of the question,

11     and the question was about the selection, election, appointment, and

12     authority to sign?  Do you wish to add anything?

13             I have many questions to ask you and very limited time, so please

14     make your answers very short.

15        A.   I can't recall everything I said, but when I referred to the

16     statutory decision, these are the articles that I meant, and this is all

17     I have to say about that.

18        Q.   I would like to inform Their Honours that in the following group

19     of questions, and I will make it clear when this is going to finish, I

20     will refer to my learned colleague Alaburic's questions during her

21     cross-examination, which were followed upon by the Prosecutor, and these

22     refer to the relationship between the head of the department -- head of

23     Defence Department, in terms of the basis for the structure of the

24     Defence Department, and in this connection please take a look at the

25     following document, P 00806, and that refers also to the item 9 that you

Page 36037

 1     were asked about.

 2             Have you found the document?

 3        A.   Yes.

 4        Q.   My learned colleague Alaburic asked you about the penultimate

 5     paragraph.  I would start with the penultimate paragraph, in terms of

 6     principled and concrete competencies.  I -- we have a different -- we

 7     have a different document retrieved.  I wanted to retrieve P 00586, and I

 8     see the same mistake in the transcript.  So it's P 00586.

 9             So my colleague Alaburic asked you about the penultimate

10     paragraph of Article 9, which reads:

11             "Within the remit of principled and specific competencies from

12     the president of the HVO of Herceg-Bosna, the chief of General Staff is

13     superior to the Croatian Armed Forces Defence Council."

14             Would you please explain about those competencies and this

15     superior position?  What did you mean by "command of the Croatian Defence

16     Council"?

17        A.   By this I meant only the municipal staffs.  Nothing else comes to

18     my mind.

19        Q.   Thank you.  Since my colleague continued asking you questions

20     about the last paragraph of this article, which discusses which tasks

21     brigade commanders, whether they would be subordinated or responsible to

22     the president of the Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna as the

23     Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, and in which aspects they were

24     subordinated to the head of the Defence Department and chief of the

25     Main Staff, and in -- and I quote:

Page 36038

 1             "In accordance with the powers described above --"

 2             Thank you, Your Honour.

 3             So please read paragraph 3 of this article, in terms of those

 4     competencies which elaborates upon them.

 5        A.   These -- well, it would be best for me to read it out:

 6             "The chief of the Main Staff will be responsible to the head of

 7     the department, proposing and implement measures for all administrative

 8     tasks and issues relating to the budget and material supplies and

 9     consumption and general organisation of civilian life as well as

10     organisation of the armed forces."

11             This is the remit of the head of the Defence Department.

12        Q.   In which tasks commander -- chief of the General Staff is

13     responsible to the president of the HVO?

14             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] I object, because this question

15     misinterprets paragraph 9.  Those words refer to the responsibilities of

16     the chief of the Main Staff and not to the remit of the head of the

17     Defence Department.  The remit of the head of the Defence Department is

18     governed by all the other paragraphs up until paragraph 9, so what the

19     witness is reading out concerns the responsibilities of the chief of the

20     Main Staff.

21             Thank you.

22             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I maintain my

23     position, that interpretation of regulations, irrespective of how we,

24     she, or the witness may interpret them, will be subject to the assessment

25     of the Bench on what the regulations what and what actions they

Page 36039

 1     engendered.

 2             I would like to continue.  I'm reading out what is written.  I

 3     would like to ask the witness to continue reading why chief of the

 4     Main Staff is directly responsible and accountable to the president of

 5     the HVO.

 6             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] "The chief of the Main Staff is

 7     responsible directly to the president of the HVO, of the HZ-HB, in all

 8     issues relating to supreme command, unit organisation, strategic and

 9     operative plans, and the use of the armed forces in time of war or

10     peace."

11             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation]

12        Q.   Mr. Marijan, on several occasions during your chief --

13             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Prlic.

14             THE ACCUSED PRLIC:  For the third time in transcript --

15             THE INTERPRETER:  Microphone for the defendant.  Microphone for

16     the accused, please.

17             THE ACCUSED PRLIC:  It is for the third time in the same page,

18     when counsel said very clearly "president of Croatian Community of

19     Herceg-Bosna," in transcript we have wording "President of HVO."  This is

20     the third time on the same page.

21             MR. KARNAVAS:  And this is a big distinction, this is a very big

22     distinction, and I'm shocked that it is being allowed to be -- you know,

23     either counsel is not picking it up or the gentleman is doing it on

24     purpose, and I would ask that they slow down so the interpreters can get

25     it right.  But there is a vast difference between president of the HVO

Page 36040

 1     HZ-HB and the president of the Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna, vast

 2     difference.  And it's not a surprise -- it is not a surprise that

 3     Mr. Stojic is trying to blame -- trying to blame Jadranko Prlic, and

 4     trying to put him -- put Jadranko Prlic on top of him.  And so I would

 5     appreciate that if we slow down and be precise, and if there is a

 6     problem, to correct it.  Counsel has an obligation to correct the

 7     translation.

 8             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  It might perhaps not be entirely politically

 9     correct, but it would make things easier if we said "Boban" and "Prlic"

10     instead of titles that bear some similarity and therefore are prone to be

11     mixed up.

12             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, Mr. Prlic, as he

13     understands both languages, he correctly conveyed what Defence counsel

14     said and what the witness said.  I did not use the term "HVO" once, but

15     "the Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna."  So if my learned friend sees a

16     mistake in the transcript, not to blame me, and especially not

17     Mr. Stojic, that we are imputing anything to his client.  I said clearly,

18     and this was confirmed by Mr. Prlic, I said "the Croatian Community of

19     Herceg-Bosna."  There's no need to increase the tension, because we will

20     not achieve anything.  Anyone who notices a mistake in the transcript

21     should react immediately.  I have no problem in apologising if the

22     mistake is mine.

23             Mr. --

24             JUDGE MINDUA: [Interpretation] Yes.  I just wanted to intervene

25     in support of what Mr. Karnavas was saying.

Page 36041

 1             We should not mix up the president of the HVO and the president

 2     of the Croat Community of Herceg-Bosna.  At the same time, I should also

 3     like to support Ms. Nozica.  In other words, there's no need to add to

 4     the tension.  Mr. Karnavas has said that Mr. Stojic was placing Mr. Prlic

 5     above him, and that is a sort of interpretation I think we should avoid

 6     at this stage.

 7             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  There was

 8     just an error in the translation.  It has been corrected, and we can

 9     proceed.

10        Q.   Witness, my learned friend Alaburic showed you some documents,

11     and some were shown by my learned friend the Prosecutor.  I will cover

12     some documents now that you didn't have time to comment on.  So let us

13     comment on them very briefly, and will you briefly answer my question:

14     Do they belong to the responsibilities of the head of the Defence

15     Department that we have read on the internal structure?  And this relates

16     to communications with the brigades and other units of the HVO.

17             Let us first look at document P 00600.  It is the next one on the

18     list, and will you, please, when you find it, tell us whether this

19     document in any way implies that Mr. Stojic did not act in any sense

20     contrary to his authority?  This document doesn't have a memorandum, but

21     still we have typewritten the words "Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina."

22     I have looked through all the documents in the binder, those with the

23     letterhead have these words, and even this one, which has been typed, has

24     these same words.

25             Your Honour --

Page 36042

 1             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  I recognise this, so it will not be necessary to

 2     repeat it.  I must have fallen on an exception.  I give you that.

 3             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour, and the

 4     exception confirms the rule; isn't it so?  That's what we say.

 5        Q.   Mr. Witness, could you answer my question?

 6        A.   Your Honour, from these two sentences, it is difficult to say

 7     what was the purpose of the meeting.  We have listed previously the

 8     competencies of Mr. Stojic, so he is entitled to communicate, and to be

 9     able to provide a clear, unequivocal answer we would need to have the

10     result of this meeting.  One could always ask ourselves whether the

11     meeting took place at all.

12        Q.   Will you please look at the next document, please.  If you wish

13     to give the same answer as for the previous one, say so.  The document is

14     P 00799.

15        A.   My answer is the same.

16        Q.   Please look at the next document, P 00804.  This is a transfer,

17     Bruno Busic is going from Posuski, and tell me, there's a date, and tell

18     me whether the communication is contrary to the competencies of

19     communication between Mr. Stojic and this person.

20        A.   Your Honour, this is an order regulating the deployment of the

21     regiment or its accommodation and movement from Posuski Gradac, from the

22     school, to the Heliodrom barracks, which is within the terms of reference

23     of Mr. Stojic.

24        Q.   Could you now look at the document shown to you by Ms. Alaburic

25     and the Prosecutor, P 01098.  Have you found it?

Page 36043

 1        A.   Yes.

 2        Q.   Yesterday, you said you would have liked to see documents to show

 3     which were the authority over the civilian police.  We have discussed

 4     this at some length.  No, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, my mistake.  I went too

 5     fast.  We are talking here about an order about all settlements, and

 6     movement of persons in uniform bearing weapons are being prohibited.

 7     Only official persons may bear weapons outside of the front-lines.

 8             Tell me, does this order in any way go beyond the frameworks of

 9     Mr. Bruno Stojic's competencies?

10        A.   My opinion is Mr. Bruno Stojic is authorised to issue such an

11     order.

12        Q.   Let us look at the next document, P 03146.  It's a document dated

13     the 3rd of July, 1993.  It relates to the Kresimir Brigade from Livno,

14     and a military police unit is centred to be relocated to Mostar.  Would

15     you say that in any way this letter -- yes, it is an order.  Does it go

16     beyond the scope of the authority of Mr. Stojic in the way you have

17     described them in your report?

18        A.   Let me just add this is the Petar Kresimir Brigade, which is just

19     a transmission.  This relates to the 2nd Battalion of the Military

20     Police.  Mr. Andabak was the commander of that battalion, so Mr. Stojic

21     is addressing directly the Military Police Battalion, which is not, by

22     formation, part of this brigade, and I think it is within his

23     competencies.

24             So we now come to the next document, P 05232.

25             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  I'm sorry, Ms. Alaburic, if I look at the

Page 36044

 1     transcript, it is you who give the answer, not the witness.

 2             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honour, that is both my mistake

 3     and your mistake.  I'm not Ms. Alaburic, I'm Ms. Nozica, and indeed the

 4     witness's answer has not appeared on the transcript.  Shall we ask him to

 5     repeat it?

 6             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I think that this

 7     order, 503146, that this order is in line with the authority of

 8     Mr. Stojic.

 9             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Could we now look --

10             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, could you shed some

11     light on this?  You have just said that the 2nd Battalion of the Military

12     Police did not belong to the Kresimir Brigade, your brigade.  I'm trying

13     to understand here.  I believe that in a military organisation, any

14     brigade has attached to it a unit of military police, so how is it that

15     the 2nd Battalion is not part of the brigade?  Did it come from Mostar

16     just temporarily?  Was it resubordinated to the brigade, and then was it

17     decided to send it back to Mostar?

18             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, the Petar Kresimir

19     Brigade had a platoon of military police.  Here, in brackets, it says

20     "company," but in Livno we had the 2nd Battalion of the Military Police,

21     and as I said previously, I don't know whether it has entered in the

22     transcript.  Clearly, this letter is being sent via the brigade, so

23     Mr. Andabak could not be given this order directly, and that is why the

24     brigade has been introduced as a kind of transmission.  He's probably in

25     the territory of Livno and they cannot reach him.

Page 36045

 1             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Okay.  We'll have high-ranking

 2     officers who are going to testify as Defence witnesses, we should have

 3     General Petkovic and General Praljak, so we will be able to ask very

 4     specific technical questions of them.

 5             But as far as you know, when this company or the battalion of the

 6     Livno military police is under the command of Andabak, normally when that

 7     military police unit is subordinated to a brigade, is it not the brigade

 8     commander that has authority over that unit?  That's what I'm trying to

 9     ascertain.

10             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, if it is

11     resubordinated to the brigade commander, he has competencies over it.

12     But as far as I'm aware of the context, it was not subordinated to the

13     brigade commander.

14             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Okay, all right.  Then I

15     understand better.

16             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation]

17        Q.   If we're talking about Livno, please tell us if you know.  If

18     not, never mind.  Do you know whether the military police in Livno, this

19     unit under the command of Mr. Andabak, did it have packet links and could

20     this letter have been addressed directly to them, or did some other way

21     have to be found?  If you know, tell us; if not --

22        A.   No, I was never in the Command of the 2nd Battalion.

23             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] For the benefit of the transcript,

24     let me say that in line -- page 46, line 9, the answer of the witness

25     appears under my name.  The answer begins with the words:  "Let me just

Page 36046

 1     add ...."  That is what prompted His Honour Judge Trechsel to intervene,

 2     because it looked as if I was speaking, rather than the witness.  But I'm

 3     sure that the transcript will be corrected in due course.

 4        Q.   Let us look at the next document, P 05232.  It is the situation

 5     we discussed yesterday about the police forces and the competencies in

 6     dealing with the police forces.

 7             So let us move on to the next document, P 03123.  It is of the

 8     same date, which is explanatory for the previous document.  I am

 9     referring to document P 03123.  Do you see it?

10        A.   Yes, I see it.

11        Q.   Tell me, please, does it explain the previous document?

12        A.   It explains the one that follows, that comes after it.  I think

13     there is a document dated the 20th of September from the Department of

14     Internal Affairs.

15        Q.   Mr. Witness, I'm talking about the 2nd of July.  Yes, there's a

16     document after it.  Thank you.

17             Can we now look at document 56364 -- 06364.

18             Have you found it?

19        A.   Yes.

20        Q.   Will you please tell me whether these activities listed in this

21     document fall within the terms of reference of Mr. Stojic?

22        A.   Yes.  It is the procurement of material resources from the XY

23     side.

24        Q.   Very well, thank you.  Can we now look at the next document,

25     P 02093.  It's a document we looked at yesterday, which was shown to you

Page 36047

 1     by the Prosecutor.  It's an order of the 25th of April, signed both by

 2     Mr. Stojic and Mr. Akrap for Mr. Milivoj Petkovic.

 3             Shall we look at the document afterwards, P 02089.  It is an

 4     order sent by Mr. Siljeg, P 02089.  Have you found it?

 5        A.   Yes.

 6        Q.   Will you tell me, please, how does Mr. Siljeg see the previous

 7     order, and whether this order of his actually relates to the previous

 8     one, and what is stated in the heading, can we conclude from this that he

 9     is treating the previous order as an order from the Main Staff?

10        A.   As he has copied it, he obviously does think so.

11        Q.   Thank you.  Can we now look at the next document, P 1205 --

12     P 01205.  Tell me when you find it.

13        A.   It is from the 4th Corps?

14        Q.   Yes.

15             Your Honours, in the course of yesterday's testimony, they asked

16     you some questions, specifically Judge Antonetti, "Did you see an order

17     that may have been signed afterwards?"  Mr. Stojic, did he ever co-sign

18     an order of this kind?

19             Let us look at the next document, document P 01211.  Please look

20     at it first.  This previous document is dated the 19th of January, and

21     here we have an order from Mr. Boban, dated the 19th of January.  Can you

22     remember, so as to gain some time, it relates to the agreement that

23     Mr. Pasalic referred to?

24        A.   In view of the same date, probably so, and the context is the

25     same, yes.

Page 36048

 1        Q.   In this order, under item 5, it says that the Main Staff is

 2     responsible for the implementation of this order.

 3             Now will you look at the next document, P 1238.  It is the last

 4     document.

 5             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, let's go back to this

 6     document, the 1211.  I want to make sure I understand what is written.

 7             Mr. Mate Boban is giving an order, and he has six items to this

 8     order.  I'm interested in the sixth item, a request that he received

 9     daily reports at 2000 hours.  Can we infer from that that he followed, on

10     an hourly basis, the military development in the field?

11             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honour, this is a rather rare

12     document from which one could conclude that Mr. Boban is interested in

13     the situation on the ground.

14             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Let's try to understand,

15     between Mr. Petkovic and Mr. Stojic.  I mean, this is a very complex,

16     very difficult question.

17             Under paragraph 5, I can see that he, Mr. Boban, makes the chief

18     of the HVO Main Staff directly responsible for the implementation.  How

19     do you analyse paragraph 5?

20             Let me check the translation into English to avoid an -- I'm

21     becoming extremely cautious, and I look at the transcript, which is

22     something I didn't used to do.

23             In this order, does Mr. Boban establish a direct link between

24     himself and the chief of the Main Staff?  Does he seem to leave aside

25     Mr. Stojic?  What is your opinion on this?  Of course, we'll have other

Page 36049

 1     witnesses.  This is a topic we can revisit later on.  But what is your

 2     view on this?  Because you told us that there are very few documents that

 3     directly concern Mr. Boban, and we have one here.  So what do you have to

 4     say?

 5             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, under item 5,

 6     Mr. Boban, as president of the HZ-HB and the supreme commander at the

 7     same time, he makes the person responsible, when it comes to prohibition

 8     of any offensive operations, and he will make responsible the person that

 9     he vested his powers on.  But I don't believe that this is a

10     re-establishment of a direct contact, irrespective of the fact that we

11     very rarely come upon such documents, and that is a matter of Mr. Boban's

12     personal affinity and interest in the armed forces.  And I can tell you

13     personally I never could grasp how he could have functioned in this way,

14     because we practically do not have any evidence on the degree of his

15     interest into these matters.  It is, however, part of his purview to do

16     so, and I don't doubt there was constant and -- contacts with the chief

17     of the Main Staff.  And, of course, there are other matters which can

18     corroborate this opinion.

19             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, I noticed that this is

20     an order dated the 19th of January, which is issued in order to deal with

21     the situation in Gornji Vakuf because there's a conflict there.  So this

22     date is this 19th of January, but I'm looking at the number of this

23     order.  It's number 23, so that in 20 days, Mr. Boban perhaps issued an

24     order every day, which can show some reduced activity or not, because it

25     seems that his orders are registered.  You can see a number, an order

Page 36050

 1     number.

 2             Were you curious enough, when you did your archive research, to

 3     try and see which were the other previous documents prior to the

 4     number 23 document?

 5             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, more or less whenever

 6     I could make a photocopy of Mr. Boban's document, I did so, and I have

 7     them in a chronological order, but I did not perform an analysis of his

 8     actions because that would fall outside the terms of reference for my

 9     present report.  But your remark is interesting, and in my future

10     research I will take a look at those matters.  And that is an issue of

11     supreme command, which is an extremely important matter for an armed

12     force.

13             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Fine.

14             Yes, Ms. Nozica, you have 25 minutes left.

15             THE INTERPRETER:  Microphone for the counsel, please.

16             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you.

17        Q.   Witness, please take a look at the document 1238.  It is at the

18     end of your batch of documents.  It is the last document in the batch.

19     It is an order dated the 20th of January, 1993, co-signed by

20     Mr. Milivoj Petkovic and Mr. Arif Pasalic.

21             Let's not complicate matters too much.  I would like to ask you

22     whether this is an order co-signed by Mr. Petkovic and Mr. Pasalic and

23     not Mr. Stojic and Mr. Pasalic.  And for that purpose, from document

24     P 1205, I would like to read the fifth paragraph, which says:

25             "We would establish and nominate a commission of three out of six

Page 36051

 1     members coming from the HVO and the ABiH respectively, which would carry

 2     out enablement of the separation order."

 3             Could you take a look at this, and has this been regulated in

 4     this manner in item 3?

 5        A.   Which one, I'm not sure.

 6        Q.   You have item 5 before you on the screen, and in hard copy you

 7     have P 1238, item 3.  Let us make sure that these are the same.

 8        A.   Yes, this is a document, in my opinion, which follows from the

 9     document of the 4th Corps, dated 19th of January.

10        Q.   I have 25 minutes left, so very briefly, please.  The Prosecutor

11     showed you document P 01140, P 01140.  This is an order signed by

12     Mr. Bruno Stojic, dated 15th of January, 1993.  You were asked by the

13     Prosecutor whether it relies on an HVO order.  You confirmed that, and

14     now, Mr. Marijan, I would like to ask you the following:  Taking a look

15     at item 1 of this order signed by Mr. Stojic, could it be said, as it is

16     stated in the indictment and has been repeated in the courtroom, that

17     this goes for an ultimatum?  Could you please take a look at paragraph 1?

18        A.   In paragraph 1, it says that the Main Staff should immediately

19     establish direct contact with all operation zones and commands of the

20     Army of BiH for the purpose of implementing that order.

21        Q.   I will continue.  So, if it is said in paragraph 1, and you have

22     read it, that the Main Staff should establish direct contact with

23     headquarters and staffs of the Army of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and then

24     enumerates what should be done, would you characterize it as an ultimatum

25     issued to the Army of BiH if this paragraph stipulates that they should

Page 36052

 1     establish direct contact?  Briefly, and then we'll go on.

 2        A.   Well, this could be interpreted in different ways, but I do not

 3     see it as an ultimatum.

 4             MR. BOS:  Well, Your Honours, in this case I think we should then

 5     not only refer to paragraph 1, but also to paragraph 7.

 6             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] My learned colleague from the

 7     Prosecution had enough time in his cross-examination, he referred to the

 8     preamble exclusively.  I did not make an objection, and he will, of

 9     course, have other witnesses, and he may lead other paragraphs through

10     them.

11             The next document, P 00933 --

12             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] One moment.  Witness, I'm going

13     to ask you a related question which may be sort of secondary, but still

14     seems relevant to me.

15             The date is 15th of January, 1993.  This document refers to

16     Provinces 3, 10 -- 3, 8 and 10, because at the time there were

17     negotiations in Geneva.  You were on the ground.  Did you know that the

18     International Community, together with Mr. Tudjman, with Mr. Izetbegovic,

19     among other people, was trying to set up a political and military system

20     in order to deal with the situation?  Were you informed of it all?  You

21     see, this is a related question, but I'm seeking to get the feel of what

22     your experience was of how you understood all these events.

23             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, this is the 15th of

24     January, 1993.  I was at my studies at the time.  It was sort of an

25     intermezzo.  But at the time, of course, I did watch television, read

Page 36053

 1     newspapers.  Therefore, I received some basic information about that.

 2             What was the situation on the ground and how they understood

 3     those developments, that I do not know.  I couldn't explain it to you.

 4             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Well, we shall ask somebody

 5     else, somebody who was active on the 15th of January, 1993.

 6             Very well.  Please proceed, Ms. Nozica.

 7             THE INTERPRETER:  Microphone for the counsel, please.

 8             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation]

 9        Q.   Briefly, could we take a look at document P 00933, please.  This

10     is a document co-signed by Mr. Stojic, Praljak, and Petkovic.  Have you

11     found it, Mr. Marijan?

12        A.   Yes.

13        Q.   I would like to -- apart from what you said so far about this

14     document, I would like to refer to item 5.  This is also a Christmas

15     greeting to all members of the HVO, isn't it, among other things?

16        A.   Obviously.

17        Q.   In item 3, does this order include personnel of the Defence

18     Department?  Because in conjunction with paragraph 1, 2, it states in

19     paragraph 3 that it also involves personnel of the Defence Department?

20        A.   That is so.

21        Q.   If it does include personnel of the Defence Department, wouldn't

22     it be logical for it to be co-signed by Mr. Stojic?

23        A.   That's correct, it could be referred to the Defence Department.

24        Q.   We continue.  Madam Alaburic showed you a document P 04 --

25             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] One moment, please.  I have a

Page 36054

 1     question regarding this document.

 2             Witness, I see that General Praljak and General Petkovic are

 3     mentioned, but I also see that Slobodan Praljak is a higher-ranking

 4     officer than General Petkovic, because he's a general-major, that is,

 5     Praljak, and Petkovic is a brigadier, so of a lesser rank, so it seems.

 6     Is that the way we should understand this document?

 7             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, Croatian Army and the

 8     HVO had this very strange rank, brigadier, when lieutenant-colonel was

 9     eliminated, so it's colonel -- lieutenant-colonel, colonel, brigadier.

10     So in other armies -- colonels were brigadiers in the Croatian Army.  I

11     know there are armies where brigadier is a general rank, but in the

12     Croatian Army and the HVO, it was a three-star colonel rank.  I think

13     that the ABiH used this rank as for battalion commanders, which would be

14     equal to a major, so this I admit is misleading a bit.

15             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] But was Mr. Praljak of a higher

16     rank than Mr. Petkovic?

17             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Mr. Praljak is having a higher

18     rank.  It's 18th of December.

19             I would like to point your attention to something which was

20     poorly realised, and I believe that Mr. Praljak will speak of it in

21     greater detail.  There was an idea of a command -- a joint command of HVO

22     and Army of BiH.  There are documents that referred to that, although it

23     was ignored.  There was a specific coat of arms, a combination of HVO

24     insignia and Army of BiH.  Mr. Jasmin Jaganjac was a co-commander, and

25     Mr. Praljak used to command it for a time, and this is why I believe

Page 36055

 1     Mr. Praljak's signature is on this document.

 2             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] So now you're telling us that

 3     there was a coat of arms that was specific, where you had the HVO and the

 4     BiH that were mixed together?

 5             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I'm sure that I saw

 6     such a thing.  It's strange that nobody discussed that here.  It was

 7     divided by a slanting line, and I'm not sure whether the Croatian coat of

 8     arms was on the left-hand side or the right-hand side, and the

 9     fleur-de-lys, but I do recall such stamps or documents verified by such a

10     stamp, bearing such a coat of arms.

11             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Well, the Defence will have

12     time enough to find this and to show it to us.

13             Please continue, Ms. Nozica.

14             THE INTERPRETER:  Microphone for the counsel, please.

15             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, the joint command was

16     discussed, and I believe that we showed some of those coats of arms, but

17     we will do so again, if necessary.

18        Q.   Mr. Marijan, have you found document P 04145?  This has already

19     been shown to you.

20        A.   It is before me.

21        Q.   We see that Mr. Ivan Bagaric signs this document.  I must say

22     that he will be a witness for the Defence of Mr. Stojic, and we will be

23     giving detailed explanation about this and other orders.  He addresses

24     this to the Command of Heliodrom Swiz [phoen] and to the commander of

25     Health of the Operation Zone South-East Herzegovina.  I refer to that

Page 36056

 1     part of cross-examination of Madam Alaburic where she asks you about the

 2     direct link between the commander of brigades and sectors within the

 3     Defence Department; in other words, direct links with Mr. Stojic.

 4             Could you take a look at the following document, please, P 06203.

 5     That document explains what a commander of PZ Tomislavgrad about the

 6     possibility of Mr. Bagaric having the authority to order him about.

 7     First of all, I'm going to ask you whether you've seen this document, and

 8     then we will go through it very briefly.

 9        A.   I'm not sure.

10        Q.   Then I'm going to ask brief you.

11             This is a document authored by Mr. Siljeg to the deputy of the

12     head of Defence Department for the Health Sector.  Can we confirm that

13     this was Mr. Bagaric in October?

14        A.   Bagaric.

15        Q.   Can you confirm or not?

16        A.   I think that Mr. Bagaric was occupying that position throughout

17     that relevant time.

18        Q.   He explains in this paragraph that he appreciates your efforts

19     regarding your order dated 28th of October, which was not even registered

20     with a protocol number, which concerns the inmates of detention centres,

21     and the previous order refers to inmates, if you recall; isn't it, sir?

22             Please take a look at what it says under item a, the document is

23     not valid, and under B, you do not have the right to command.

24     Mr. Marijan, would it follow very clearly from this document, concerning

25     the attitude of commander of the IZM Prozor, the District of

Page 36057

 1     Tomislavgrad, about whether deputy head of department can command or not?

 2     I have a host of documents about this.

 3        A.   I would like to add something.  I believe that this confusion

 4     stems from paragraph 9 about the -- of the decree on the structure of the

 5     Defence Department.  If it's interpreted without the decree on the armed

 6     forces, paragraphs 31 and 32, which governs basic elements of command and

 7     control, which say that there is a singularity of command and that

 8     commanders are responsible to their superiors and nobody else, otherwise

 9     there would be an intrusion of a different line of command, and that

10     would result in dual line of command in the HVO, it would be an absurd

11     situation, because after all, no army can function with two lines of

12     command.

13             I believe that partly what we are looking at can be understood if

14     Article 9 can -- is construed in conjunction with the four paragraphs

15     regulating command and control.  Otherwise, this would not make any

16     sense.  Of course, commander in this case would be responsible to the

17     operation zone commander, and then the Main Staff, and then to Mr. Boban,

18     as the Commander-in-Chief, if he has delegated his competencies to the

19     chief of the Main Staff.  Obviously, he has done so.  I should have drawn

20     a diagram to make it clearer.

21        Q.   We will be looking at the sectors and the commanders, and then

22     I'll show a document which might indicate the chain of command.

23             Now, we leave out a document, and that is 48 -- P 4877.  It is

24     irrelevant.

25             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, I would like to return

Page 36058

 1     to the document P 6203.  Unless I'm mistaken, Colonel Siljeg - perhaps he

 2     will be appearing here as a witness, I don't know - but, anyhow, it

 3     states -- or it's written to the assistant to the head of the Defence

 4     Department, so he's writing to the people surrounding Mr. Stojic, to say

 5     or to question a given document.  He says that the document that was sent

 6     beforehand is not valid, that they have no command authority, et cetera.

 7     The brigades have to report only through the Military District

 8     headquarters.  So it's from Colonel Siljeg.  This document comes from

 9     him.  And in military terms, it would seem to be questioning the

10     competence of the Defence Department in certain areas, including, it

11     would seem, in the health area, and that is what is rather surprising.

12     Is the health not part of the remit of the Defence Department?

13             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, health was within the

14     competence of the Defence Department, but each unit from the various

15     levels had their own health officials who were accountable to their

16     commander, and they had a professional link with the Health Sector.  And

17     in this specific case with respect to the brigade, it would be logical or

18     normal for the chief of the Medical Corps should report to the assistant

19     commander of the operative zone regarding health problems, and then the

20     same report would be sent to the brigade commander so that he should be

21     aware of the communication made.  Those were the principles, and perhaps

22     we should look at which document this is referred to.  One might conclude

23     that Brigadier Bagaric has directly addressed the brigade commander with

24     something that looks like an order.  If he did so, then he overstepped

25     his competencies.  But I understand that he's coming so that he can

Page 36059

 1     clarify this.

 2             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.  That is

 3     precisely what I wanted to ask, the communication between Mr. Bagaric and

 4     Mr. Stojic with the unit commander, and here we see clearly that the

 5     commander says, "You cannot give me orders."

 6        Q.   Is it clear -- is this clear from this order?

 7        A.   I think it is.

 8        Q.   Let us go on to the question of IPD, that is, the relationship

 9     between the Health Sector, SIS, the Military Police Sector, and IPD.  I

10     will cover the next documents very quickly.

11             Look at document 4D 1156.  That is the next document.  Tell me,

12     is this the unit commander communicating with the Defence Department or

13     the assistant commander for IPD?  My colleague asked you whether the

14     Main Staff has IPD, that is, the Department for Morale.

15             We don't have the answer, your answer doesn't appear.  What was

16     your previous answer?  I see, please tell us.

17        A.   Do I need to answer your question?

18        Q.   Yes.  Who is communicating with whom?

19        A.   The assistant commander for Information and Psychological

20     Activity with the Defence Department.

21        Q.   The assistant commander and not the commander?

22        A.   Yes.

23        Q.   Look at the next document, 2D 1353.  I shall have to skip over

24     some documents, and look at item 3.

25             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Excuse me.  You stressed, with regard to the

Page 36060

 1     document of the assistant commander, that it was the assistant commander,

 2     not the commander.  Mr. Marijan, who would be the commander?

 3             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] I'm afraid I didn't understand you,

 4     Your Honour.

 5             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation]

 6        Q.   Who was the commander of the Rama Brigade, if you can remember?

 7        A.   The Rama Brigade changed commanders very quickly.  There was

 8     Zelenika, Pavlovic, but I think they came later.  I can't remember who it

 9     was at that point in time.  They had the greatest turnover of brigade

10     commanders, I think.

11             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Thank you.

12             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation]

13        Q.   So 2D 1353.  I think you've covered it in your report.  Look at

14     item 4:  "Communication between the Main Staff."  This a report of the

15     Defence Department, item 4, and item 7, what does it say?

16        A.   Shall I read it?

17        Q.   Yes, please read it so we can see how the communication

18     functioned.

19        A.   "On the 21st of September, 1992, Main Staff," and item seven

20     says:

21             "With regard to providing information for the public, the

22     Main Staff will forward reports of subordinated command to the

23     Information and Propaganda Department so that it can prepare information

24     for the public."

25             THE INTERPRETER:  Could there be a pause between question and

Page 36061

 1     answer, please.  The interpreter didn't hear the question.  I'm sorry.

 2             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  You must be a bit slower, and I think that the

 3     time used for Judges warning you to be slower must be time to your

 4     account, because you try to save time by speaking too fast, then we have

 5     to intervene, and that, I think, must be your responsibility.

 6             Thank you.

 7             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Yes, Your Honour.  This is a purely

 8     psychological problem.  I'm trying to fit in to the time given to me.

 9     It's like a 100-metre race and I'm trying to run 200 metres within the

10     same time.

11             So we can leave out the next document.  It is also a command to

12     the military police.  I don't think we'll go into that.

13             Now, regarding communication and a question that was discussed

14     here, whether the Main Staff had an official of the SIS or not, let us

15     look at document 2D 949.

16        Q.   Tell me when you find it.

17        A.   I found it.

18        Q.   This is a report dated the 22nd of November, 1993, and it says:

19             "Pursuant to your order, we hereby submit the following."

20             We see at the end to whom this has been submitted, and under 1 it

21     says:

22             "Names of employees of the SIS who have been appointed to

23     establishment posts, who are satisfactory workers and should be retained

24     in the service."

25             And under 2:

Page 36062

 1             "Names of SIS employees who have not been appointed to

 2     establishment posts, but who are satisfactory workers and should be

 3     retained in the service.  A decision must be issued to these workers for

 4     the establishment posts they currently hold."

 5             Will you please look at page 2, a list of employees in SIS who do

 6     not have a letter of employment, and do we see the names of Ivan Bagaric?

 7     No, I'm sorry, it's "Bandic" that is written here.  Yes, I'm sorry, it

 8     says "Bandic."

 9             And under number 6:  "Predrag Covic, SIS employee, attached to

10     the Main Staff"?

11        A.   Yes, that is what it says here.

12             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] I just have an objection to this

13     question.

14             The fundamental dispute was whether the Main Staff is competent

15     for certain activities in the area of security, but there was no dispute

16     that there was always an SIS employee who controlled the Military Police

17     Administration, the Chief of the Main Staff, and other offices, so

18     I think that was the dispute, and I think this discussion is misleading.

19     The question was not whether someone was under someone else's control,

20     but whether someone has the authority to engage in security affairs that

21     are within the Defence Department.

22             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Please continue.  The position

23     expressed has been noted in the transcript.

24             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] [Previous translation continues]...

25     at the transcript and see the discussion between Ms. Alaburic and

Page 36063

 1     Mr. Praljak, but let me show one more document, whether the Main Staff

 2     has any competencies over the SIS.

 3             Let us look at document P 05614, and this would be the answer to

 4     the question mentioned now by Mr. Alaburic.  5614.

 5        Q.   Have you found it?

 6        A.   Yes, I have.

 7        Q.   This is not an order.  It's a letter to the Administration of

 8     SIS, sent by Mr. Milivoj Petkovic on the 4th of October, 1993.  Have you

 9     had occasion to see this document?

10        A.   I think I have.

11        Q.   It says that it is necessary for SIS officers to take active

12     participation in resolving and dealing with the following cases of

13     criminal and other activities conducted by certain HVO members, and then

14     we have a list of raping, et cetera.  And at the end, it says:

15             "It is your duty to inform us about all mentioned things, results

16     achieved, and measures taken."

17             Do we see, from this document, that there is direct communication

18     of the assistant commander of the Main Staff, Major

19     General Milivoj Petkovic, with the SIS Administration in Mostar?

20        A.   In this concrete case, yes, we can see it.

21        Q.   And I have three more documents.

22             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] I would like to be told how much

23     time I have left.

24             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Yes, General Petkovic.

25             THE ACCUSED PETKOVIC: [Interpretation] If I may, a technical

Page 36064

 1     observation, nothing more.

 2             Isn't it logical, if the Main Staff does not have an -- SIS

 3     employees for the needs of investigation, for him to address the head of

 4     the SIS Administration and the assistant head?  Isn't it logical for me

 5     to seek assistant because I don't have an SIS official?  So is such

 6     communication prohibited, what is does this communication remind you of?

 7     That's my observation.

 8             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, what is your

 9     understanding as regards the problem that's just been raised?

10             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Certainly, this can be interpreted

11     in different ways.  One way is the one referred to by Mr. Petkovic.  What

12     he said is quite logical, though a third question may also be asked:  Is

13     this a sign that the Security Service within the units are not doing

14     their work properly?  And then the department itself is being addressed,

15     and there's always a problem with documents, as to how to interpret them.

16             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  If I may make a comment, I think there is no

17     issue of any blame to Mr. Petkovic in this at all.  This is not something

18     that would evaluate whether you did right or wrong.  It has nothing to do

19     with it.

20             THE ACCUSED PETKOVIC: [Interpretation] Your Honour, Your Honour,

21     Judge Trechsel, I do not accept that it is anybody's blame, but I'm

22     saying something else.  If I don't have an SIS and somebody says I do

23     have it, but from this we see that I do not have an SIS, when Bandic or

24     someone else should have been with me.  And I'm addressing the head of

25     the department, the highest level, saying, "I don't have an SIS.  You

Page 36065

 1     check it out.  Somebody has raped somebody, somebody has killed somebody,

 2     you check it out."  So it's not a question of a communication, that's

 3     okay, but the problem is, why should I write to Lucic if I had an SIS

 4     employee.  Then my own person would do this, Bandic would do this.  He is

 5     registered somewhere, but we don't know where.  He's obviously not with

 6     us.  So there's no guilt at all that I am raising.

 7             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours --

 8             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Ms. Nozica, you have six

 9     minutes left, but I have a question to put to your expert witness.

10             I listened closely to what General Petkovic has just said.  He

11     says that if he does not have a SIS employee, then he has to address the

12     Defence Department.  But if we come down to unit level, brigade level,

13     your brigade, for instance, in your brigade did the brigade have -- for

14     the crimes that were committed, did it have military police that could

15     intervene, that could make a report to the brigade commander and refer it

16     to the military prosecutor?  Was there not, with the brigade, a security

17     service, the famous SIS, S-I-S, which could also make reports and also

18     refer the matter to the brigade commander?  Was that the structure, such

19     as it operated within the brigades of the HVO, or was it not such a

20     structure?

21             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, before answering your

22     question, I would like to add, with respect to General Petkovic, there's

23     nothing incriminating against him here.  I'm sorry if this has been

24     construed in this way.

25             As for your question, each unit, battalion, brigade, had to have

Page 36066

 1     assistant commander for security.  I believe that even earlier we had a

 2     problem in labelling them and in establishing lines of reporting, because

 3     they grew out of local structures, and in terms of security

 4     administration, this was an obstacle to their work that resulted in poor

 5     performance in terms of their professionalism.  But as per establishment,

 6     each battalion and unit larger than a battalion, including brigades,

 7     et cetera, could have 15 posts for security officers.

 8             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] This is where I fail to

 9     understand what General Petkovic has just said.  If, at brigade level,

10     we've got a deputy in charge of security, then I assume that if we come

11     higher up to the level of the operational zone - take Colonel Siljeg, for

12     instance, or Baskic [as interpreted] - then strictly speaking he should

13     have had a deputy in charge of security.  And if we go higher up to the

14     staff level, then, in principle, there should be a deputy in charge of

15     security there.  Now, I think that General Petkovic is saying, "I have no

16     deputy," and this is where I'm somewhat at a loss.

17             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, at the operations

18     level, the zone level, which is a high level, which would be an

19     equivalent to a corps, I must tell you that there were commanders for

20     security, and in the establishment of the Main Staff we used that on the

21     either first or third day.  There was, per establishment, no SIS

22     personnel there.  Mr. Petkovic has just explained why such a memo would

23     be sent, and this is a confirmation for him that there was no such

24     security service there.  But in later documents, we have an SIS officer

25     with an unspecified or unclear position in the Main Staff or there's no

Page 36067

 1     establishment order, but what we did have is up to the level of

 2     operations zone, the HVO had a structure of officers in armed forces, and

 3     the highest structure was this administration which was part of the

 4     Defence Department.

 5             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] So you are going down the same

 6     track at General Petkovic and saying that according to the documents

 7     you've seen at the level of the Chief of Staff, there was nobody in

 8     charge of security, but you are saying that nonetheless there was an

 9     officer who did this; is that what you're getting at?

10             THE WITNESS: [Interpretation] Your Honours, let me make it clear.

11             Per establishment, establishment determines a single unity of

12     command and it enumerates the posts or personnel that a certain unit or a

13     command should have.  I know only of the establishment dated 1992.  I

14     have not seen any others, and I'm not sure whether they exist.  And in

15     that establishment, there are no SIS personnel in the Main Staff.

16             We have two documents, one we saw recently dated 22nd of

17     November, 1993, which discusses the fact that there are two officers at

18     the Main Staff, and I believe that this is the issue which I think

19     Mr. Bandic is going to testify here, so -- as far as I could gather, so

20     he would be the person to clarify this situation.

21             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] We'll have the opportunity to

22     come back to this later.  I don't think there's any point in using up

23     your remaining six minutes.

24             Let me just say that in the document 5614, I note that a soldier

25     of the HV -- of the HV has died in Um [phoen].  That's what it says.

Page 36068

 1             Ms. Nozica.

 2             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I would like to

 3     apologise to Mr. Petkovic, if he misconstrued what the witness was asked

 4     about.  I do believe we have the transcript, the cross-examination by

 5     Madam Alaburic on Thursday.  We have the transcript of the words of Madam

 6     Alaburic, what is disputed, what is beyond dispute.  We recall the

 7     cross-examination, where the thesis was supported if there was no Medical

 8     Corps at the Main Staff, then the brigade commander would directly

 9     communicate with the Defence Department representatives.  We drew maps

10     and diagrams.  The same was valid and said about the IPD and about the

11     SIS.

12             What I wanted to demonstrate is, on the basis of this document,

13     there were two bodies, and what I wanted to demonstrate, and which is

14     utterly logical and said by both Judge Trechsel and Mr. Petkovic, that it

15     would be only logical for him to communicate with SIS personnel and SIS

16     Administration, because for whom would they collect information if not

17     for the armed forces?

18             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] I would like to intervene and to

19     put it on the record, I believe that this is mis-interpreted, my thesis.

20     My colleague, on the previous page, at lines 18 and 19, stated that

21     I think that because at the Main Staff there were no departments or

22     personnels for Medical Corps, IPD, et cetera, that there was direct

23     communication between the Defence Department with the armed forces.  This

24     is not correct.  My thesis is based on the structure of the Defence

25     Department, on the thesis of the expert witness between different

Page 36069

 1     connections with heads of sectors within the department and on the decree

 2     that we discussed already.

 3             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, fortunately we have

 4     the transcript at our disposal, in terms of IPD, asked about --

 5             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Well, if you want to make

 6     another contribution, fine, Mr. Praljak, but if it's just to comment on

 7     what has been said, that's of no use.

 8             THE ACCUSED PRALJAK: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I do not wish

 9     to make comments.  I wish to assist.

10             Quoting the counsel, SIS is supposed to collect information and

11     help the Main Staff.  This is testimony.  SIS does not do so.  Military

12     Intelligence Service is supposed to do so.  SIS did something else, and

13     it should be left to the witness to explain that.

14             MR. KARNAVAS:  I thoroughly agree, Your Honour.  I think counsel

15     has to be careful not to be testifying.  That is not the purpose.

16             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Well, nor should other counsel and nor should

17     the accused, I would suggest.

18             I think I had no microphone.  I was just suggesting that counsel

19     ought not -- other counsel ought not to testify, either, and the accused

20     also ought not to testify.  Thank you.

21             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honour.

22             There is really no need for me to be warned.  The Bench is here,

23     and if other counsel have objections to my questions, so be it, but they

24     shouldn't lecture me on how I'm about to do my work.  There's the Bench

25     to do so.

Page 36070

 1             So I gather that I still have six minutes left for my questions.

 2     I have an important question to raise.  After this question, I'm going to

 3     ask the final question concerning all the documents.

 4        Q.   First of all, please take a look at the document, and after that

 5     we are going to skip four or five documents, and the document in question

 6     is 5188, so P 5188.  P 5188.  Please notify me when you've found it.

 7        A.   I found it.

 8        Q.   Please tell me first whether you've ever seen this document.

 9        A.   I can't remember.

10        Q.   Mr. Marijan, could you tell me about the line of command that you

11     discussed in your report?  And I'll remind you that you said that head of

12     the Defence Department was outside of that chain of command and you've

13     never seen this document, but tell me, with regards to the preamble of

14     this order, who it was addressed to, and is this an example of a single

15     line of command at the HVO?

16        A.   It is addressed to all operative zones.  Obviously, it would be

17     then relayed to all the subordinated units, all the units subordinated to

18     the Main Staff, and the chief of the military police, most probably to

19     him because of combat activities of the units within the armed forces.

20        Q.   Could you read out the preamble to see the basis for this order?

21        A.   "Pursuant to the order from the president of the HZ-HB..."

22        Q.   I did not understand.

23        A.   It is drafted pursuant to the order from the president of the

24     HZ-HB, now HR, Republic of HB, Mr. Mate Boban.  It is most probably an

25     explanation for its implementation.

Page 36071

 1        Q.   But it is not attached -- I don't want to testify, although that

 2     order has been adduced as an exhibit, but what I wanted to ask you is

 3     whether this order demonstrates the chain of command within the HVO the

 4     way that you explained it?

 5        A.   Yes.

 6        Q.   Mr. Marijan, finally, I would like to refer to another document

 7     shown to you by the Prosecutor concerning -- a document by Mr. Stojic

 8     concerning the funding of the HVO, and finally, basis of all those

 9     documents that we've seen, I would like to ask you the following:  On the

10     basis of these documents, some of which you saw for the first time, on

11     the basis of the documents shown to you during the cross-examination, on

12     the basis of the documents that you had insights into during preparing

13     your analysis, do you entirely stick by your conclusion that

14     Mr. Bruno Stojic, in his capacity as head of the Defence Department, was

15     outside the chain of command of the HVO?

16        A.   Yes, I stick to my conclusion.

17        Q.   Please take a look at document P 10674.  This is a document shown

18     to you by the Prosecution.  If possible, I would like to have them on the

19     e-court, ERN 0467-2167.  0467-2167.  This is not the page.

20             The document is a compilation of different documents.  It is very

21     difficult -- oh, yes, this is it.

22             You remember the second page, the order signed by Mr. Stojic.

23     Here, you referred to which amount from this order you made reference to,

24     so that I avoid giving you any leading statements?  Which amount you

25     judged to be a very small amount?

Page 36072

 1        A.   Well, Your Honours, on the basis of my personal experience, the

 2     brigade Petar Kresimir the 4th, while I was there, the municipality

 3     funded the brigade, and I concluded that this was a paltry amount, the

 4     one mentioned here, in comparison with the Bruno Busic Regiment, which is

 5     a professional unit, where you could see how much money the companies

 6     received, although the companies were very small.  I remember saying what

 7     was the establishment of the regiment, but at no point in time did it

 8     have more than 400 or 500 people.  So this amount is paltry, and I'm

 9     unclear as to whether -- why it is being given.  But as for the final

10     answer, if we take into account the exchange rate of the Deutschemark or

11     German mark, and if we were to convert that into Euro, then you would get

12     the amount.

13        Q.   This is exactly what I wanted to do, Mr. Marijan.  And I did not

14     refer to your comparison with other regiments or brigades, but I referred

15     to the question of the Prosecution.  Didn't you say, asked by the

16     Prosecutor, that the municipality funded your brigade?  Then you said,

17     This is a paltry insignificant amount, and the municipality did fund my

18     brigade during that period, so we will -- let us remember that this

19     amount is 3 million Croatian dinars.

20             And now let's take a look at the following document, P 9255,

21     P 09255, exchange rates, and this will bring my examination to a close.

22     So P 09255.  Have you found it?

23        A.   Yes.

24        Q.   So in January 1993, could you take a look --

25             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Ms. Nozica, this will be your

Page 36073

 1     last question, because you've used up the time you had.

 2             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Thank you, Your Honours.  This is

 3     exactly what I'm doing.

 4        Q.   So, Witness, take a look in the first list what is the value of

 5     the Deutschemark in January.  495, as you said.  Then let's hark back to

 6     Mr. Stojic's memo from January, and if we divide 3 million Croatian

 7     dinars with this exchange rate, could you tell us or shall I -- shall I

 8     share with you?

 9        A.   One of the reasons why I studied history is because I was poor in

10     maths.

11        Q.   It was just 6.000 Deutsche marks.  Would you agree with me if I

12     were to tell you that?

13        A.   There's no reason for me not to trust you.

14        Q.   Right.  Does this confirm what you said, that this was an

15     insignificant amount?

16        A.   If this amount is correct, then this is really insignificant.

17        Q.   Everybody in this courtroom could make the same calculation.

18             Thank you, Mr. Marijan.  I know that you had some personal and

19     family problems, and you sacrificed yourself a great deal for sticking

20     with us for such a long time.

21             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] I would like to bring my redirect to

22     a close.  Thank you very much.

23             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Witness, on behalf of my fellow

24     Judges and on my own behalf, I thank you for testifying as a Stojic

25     Defence witness, with your expertise and your testimony related to events

Page 36074

 1     that were mentioned over these several few days.  Our apologies to your

 2     family for keeping you here longer than you thought you would stay, but

 3     there was no other way, and I hope that your wife will forgive us.

 4             I wish you a good trip back home, and you have our very best

 5     wishes for your further endeavours as a historian, digging in archives,

 6     which must be very interesting for you.  The usher is going to escort you

 7     out of the courtroom.

 8             We're going to have a 20-minute break.  It is 20 to 6.00.  We

 9     shall resume at 6.00.  We shall have a few oral rulings, and then

10     Ms. Alaburic will have the floor.  She has something to tell us.  And

11     Mr. Khan will then have something to say as well, and Mr. Scott will have

12     the floor by way of response, I suppose.  So this is how things are going

13     to unfold in the following hour.

14             Thank you, Witness.

15                           [The witness withdrew]

16                           --- Recess taken at 5.43 p.m.

17                           --- On resuming at 6.03 p.m.

18             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] As announced, the Trial Chamber

19     will now issue some oral rulings.

20             First oral ruling, in open session, it is as follows:  A request

21     for observations by the Prosecution regarding keeping or withdrawing one

22     of the outstanding motions before the Trial Chamber.

23             On the 13th of October, 2008, the Prosecution filed a motion for

24     the Trial Chamber to postpone cross-examination of Witness Mirko Zelenika

25     because his name had been mentioned in the expert report by Milan Cvikl

Page 36075

 1     for the purpose of cross-examination on the said report, awaiting

 2     disclosure of possible interviews or communication between the two

 3     witnesses concerned.

 4             On the 14th of October, 2008, during the hearing of Mirko

 5     Zelenika, the Trial Chamber issued an oral ruling by which it decided not

 6     to postpone the cross-examination of Witness Zelenika, but to stay its

 7     decision as to the request for additional cross-examination by the

 8     Prosecution regarding communication between Zelenika and Cvikl for the

 9     purpose of drafting the report.

10             Witness Cvikl appeared before the Trial Chamber from the 12th to

11     the 15th of January, 2009, and was cross-examined by the Prosecution,

12     including on possible interviews he may have had with several individuals

13     in order to draft his report.

14             Therefore, the Trial Chamber now requests the Prosecution --

15             THE INTERPRETER:  Or asks, interpreter's correction.

16             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] -- asks the Prosecution whether

17     to date it wishes to maintain its request for the possibility to

18     cross-examine Witness Zelenika on the interviews he might have had with

19     Witness Cvikl.

20             The Trial Chamber would like to hear the Prosecution's response

21     straight away.

22             MR. SCOTT:  Good afternoon, Mr. President.  Good afternoon, Your

23     Honours, and all those in the courtroom.

24             Your Honour, this has not been on any particular agenda, I have

25     to say.  I do appreciate and thank the Chamber for recalling it to the

Page 36076

 1     courtroom's attention, certainly to my attention.  I'd be happy to

 2     explore it with Mr. Stringer and the other witnesses most directly

 3     involved -- excuse me, other counsel mostly directly involved with these

 4     witnesses.  If the Chamber will allow, we'll be happy to provide some

 5     further response by tomorrow.

 6             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well, thank you.

 7             Mr. Registrar, please, let's move into private session.

 8                           [Private session]

 9   (redacted)

10   (redacted)

11   (redacted)

12   (redacted)

13   (redacted)

14   (redacted)

15   (redacted)

16   (redacted)

17   (redacted)

18   (redacted)

19   (redacted)

20   (redacted)

21   (redacted)

22   (redacted)

23   (redacted)

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25   (redacted)

Page 36077

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10

11 Page 36077 redacted. Private session.

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

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20

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22

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Page 36078

 1   (redacted)

 2   (redacted)

 3   (redacted)

 4                           [Open session]

 5             THE REGISTRAR:  Your Honours, we're back in open session.

 6             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] There may be another oral

 7     ruling later on.

 8             But Ms. Alaburic, you wished to take the floor?

 9             MR. KHAN:  Mr. President, with your leave, I think it was

10     discussed between us that with Your Honour's leave, Mr. President, I'll

11     address you on the issue that I raised last night, after my learned

12     friend Mr. Scott has been given an opportunity to respond, as well as any

13     interventions by counsel for the other co-accused.  And that discreet

14     issue has been dealt with, then my learned friend will take the floor and

15     raise the issue that she alerted Your Honours to.

16             Your Honour, I wonder if that is agreeable to the Bench.

17             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] It is agreeable.  Please

18     proceed.

19             MR. KHAN:  Your Honour, I am going to take ten minutes or so

20     hopefully to knock on the head, once and for all, what I described

21     yesterday as the rather lamentable conduct of the Prosecution regarding

22     the issue of summaries.  Your Honour, this issue has been litigated and

23     re-litigated seemingly ad nauseam.

24             I always go back to the, if I may say so, very wise and prescient

25     comments of His Honour Judge Prandler before the Defence case started,

Page 36079

 1     when he referred to 20 percent of court time being eaten up by procedural

 2     issues much.  In my respectful submission, the conduct of the Prosecution

 3     in relation to this issue stands as a startling example of how time is

 4     wasted.

 5             Your Honours, the Prosecution have, for understandable reasons,

 6     perhaps, tried to import into the Rules a requirement which is not there;

 7     namely, a requirement of the Defence to take statements.  Your Honour, I

 8     have in the past touched upon some important differences between the

 9     Prosecution and the Defence and that the Rules that the Judges in Plenary

10     have molded -- have been molded with the benefit of very considerable

11     judicial experience.  There is, of course, a huge paucity of

12     investigative capacity between -- the Defence suffer from when compared

13     to the richness of resources from the Prosecution, and of course the

14     quality of statement-taking is, in many respects, a direct result of who

15     takes the statement.

16             The Defence, under a legal aid budget, do not have the benefit of

17     Scotland Yard, French-trained, United States expert police officers who

18     adorn the corridors of the Prosecution office.  One could expect a great

19     degree of great accuracy from my learned friends from the Prosecution

20     than from a Defence team that are unable to afford such high-qualified

21     individuals to investigate.

22             Your Honours, the Rules, of course, are also a function of the

23     burden of proof.  The Prosecution have to take statements under

24     Rule 66(a) and have to disclose statements, because they are making

25     allegations in this case against individuals, all of whom are of previous

Page 36080

 1     good character.  The burden is upon Mr. Scott and the Prosecutor to prove

 2     the case that they bring.

 3             Rule 66 and Rule 68 are clear and unequivocal.  They are

 4     consistently referencing the obligations of the Prosecutor to discharge

 5     his burdens of prosecution -- his burden of proof, and they are

 6     completely silent on the Defence.  The only Rule, Your Honours, and we

 7     must always try to be disciplined, in my respectful submission, and look

 8     at the constituent agreements that form the basis of your jurisdiction,

 9     the Statute and the Rules, as lawyers.  The only rule that talks about

10     additional disclosure is Rule 67.  It is titled, unsurprisingly for

11     Mr. Scott, "Additional Disclosure," and that makes it clear beyond

12     para-venture that the obligation upon the Defence to provide disclosure

13     is in relation to special defences and alibis.

14             I have said before, Your Honours, and in my submission it cannot

15     be glossed over, that Rule 65 ter is not -- is a case management tool.

16     It was imported, and it's very clear from the Rules, in 1999 as a device

17     to allow Your Honours to best apportion time and to speed matters up.

18     The Prosecution cannot say, with any legitimacy, in my respectful

19     submission, that the trials that took place in 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,

20     1998, suffered from any defect or unfairness because there was no

21     requirement of the Defence to submit the statements that they now assert

22     are indispensable to a fair hearing.

23             Rule 65 ter clearly, from the language, from the focus, is a case

24     management tool.  In the course of that, the Defence are obligated to

25     provide a summary and a time estimate of witnesses to assist Your

Page 36081

 1     Honours.

 2             Your Honours, let's put this particular instance of Mr. Bozic

 3     under the microscope.  Mr. Scott, my learned friend, stood up in court

 4     last week, and I'll come to it, and very kindly he provided us with a

 5     written motion five minutes before he took the floor, and I'm grateful

 6     for that, and he made some additional submissions, most of which we have

 7     heard before.  But, Your Honours, let's look at the history.

 8             In March of 2008, the Defence supplied its 65 ter list.  If they

 9     were as inadequate, as incomplete as my learned friend Mr. Scott would

10     now have Your Honours believe, one would have expected a diligent, very

11     able, and very experienced Prosecutor to alert the Defence that they had

12     been incomplete in the discharge of their responsibilities.  Surprising

13     then, Your Honours, the Defence for Mr. Stojic say, surprising that the

14     response to that 65 ter list was complete and utter silence.  Nothing in

15     April, in May, in June.

16             The first letter that could possibly be said to refer to this

17     allegation, this complaint of insufficiency, came from the Prosecution on

18     the 1st of October, 2008.  But, Your Honour, that did not allege any

19     particular insufficiency, any particular inadequacy in the Defence

20     summaries.  Nothing like it.  That letter from my learned friend stated

21     that the Prosecution -- it reminded the Defence that it may make similar

22     requests to those that it made in the Prlic Defence case, and it will

23     assess, on a continuing basis, the Stojic Defence summaries and make

24     requests for more adequate summaries as it sees fit.  So from October

25     2008, again, no allegation by the Prosecution that any specific summary

Page 36082

 1     is incomplete or inadequate.

 2             The 23rd of October of 2008, a letter from the Prosecution

 3     discussing the witness calender.  Again, a deafening silence from my

 4     learned friend, who yawns in the corner, a deafening silence from my

 5     learned friend regarding the inadequacy of the 65 ter summary.

 6             The 5th of January, 2009, many months after the 65 ter list

 7     summary was properly and timelessly filed by the Defence, and in a letter

 8     that was sent only to lead counsel, although I was copied on the

 9     letterhead but didn't receive, my learned friend stated that they wished

10     more adequate summaries from Slobodan Bozic and Stijepo Buljan [phoen].

11             Now, Your Honours, on the 19th of January we gave a supplementary

12     statement.  We gave a second supplementary statement on the 23rd of

13     January.  And when the Prosecution -- and then, of course, on the 24th of

14     January we gave a third and final summary.

15             Your Honours, my learned friend, before your order last week to

16     give a more detailed summary, accepted, and in my submission it was an

17     acceptance borne of good faith, not of obligation, that we would

18     endeavour to give a further summary to the Prosecution, and that we did.

19     But, Your Honour, when one looks at what we gave, in my submission, it

20     completely and utterly accords with the obligations that the Judges of

21     this Tribunal, not just Your Honours in this courtroom, have mandated on

22     the Defence.  And, Your Honours, the case law that Mr. Scott continuously

23     asserts as being supportive of his proposition, leaving aside for the

24     moment my argument regarding the context and the Rules and the purpose,

25     simply does not support his proposition.

Page 36083

 1             Your Honours will have read the Prosecution motion of the 13th of

 2     January.  I'm not going to re-litigate that, but continuously my learned

 3     friend Mr. Scott refers to authority.  Well, what is the authority?

 4     Well, Your Honours, he cites, and we've heard in relation to

 5     Mr. Karnavas, that an order has been made to make confidential that which

 6     should not have been made public, but it could not have escaped the

 7     attention of my learned friends for the Prosecution that the authorities

 8     that they prainate [phoen] are confidential.  They cite the Buzovski

 9     [phoen] case, they cite the Mrksic case, and it's very clear in their

10     footnotes that these are confidential decisions.

11             I pause there.  Of course, the Defence cannot possibly be

12     expected to comment on case law which is in the hands of the Prosecution

13     and which it is prohibited from seeing by order of this Tribunal.  And I

14     digress again.  I am, of course -- I am representing Ms. Hartmann, and

15     there is an amicus prosecutor prowling, as it were, the corridors of this

16     Tribunal, and according to that theory, this disclosure in a public

17     filing by the Prosecution of two documents which are confidential, and

18     the citing of the actual substance of the decision, according to the

19     theory of this amicus prosecutor and the Rule 33 complaint put forward by

20     the Registry, is sufficient to sustain a conviction for contempt.  Of

21     course, I say that is balderdash in that case, and it would not, of

22     course, support the proposition in this.  But, Your Honours, the Defence

23     cannot deal or address case law which it is prohibited from having access

24     to.  What it does have access to is the case law that my learned friend

25     Mr. Scott put in of Dragomir Milosevic.

Page 36084

 1             Now, Your Honours, it's very easy for parties to paint with a

 2     very broad brush and make very grandiose submissions that are without

 3     legal foundation and to say, very baldly, that these are the obligations,

 4     but, Your Honour, I do invite Your Honours, when you are considering this

 5     issue, to look at the case of Dragomir Milosevic that was cited by the

 6     Prosecution, and it is completely and utterly off point.

 7             In that case, the Judges were very clear that the Defence team

 8     had not even filed a biography of the witness, not even a biography of

 9     the witness, and the Trial Chamber in that case ordered that the Defence,

10     at a minimum, provide biographical details, such as name and date of

11     birth, and further detail, such as their occupation during the relevant

12     period and their rank.

13             Now, from any perspective, the Defence 65 ter list accorded with

14     that requirement.  So, Your Honours, the one case law that we have access

15     to supports the sufficiency of the 65 ter summaries and does not support

16     the Prosecution's no doubt understandable wish to have more and more

17     information.

18             Your Honours, when reviewing, very candidly, whether or not the

19     Prosecution are able to discharge their burden, I have referred

20     previously to the jurisdiction of my learned friend Mr. Scott, and the

21     fact that in many states of the United States, prosecutors like Mr. Scott

22     cross-examine witnesses without even knowing their name in advance and

23     certainly without knowing the precise contours of their

24     examination-in-chief.  And I have said before, Your Honours, and with

25     respect and with your leave, I do say it again, it can hardly be

Page 36085

 1     seriously argued that there is any diminution in the forensic abilities

 2     of my learned friend, Mr. Scott, simply by crossing the Atlantic.  But,

 3     Your Honours, when one is looking at the ability of the Prosecution to

 4     challenge the evidence that we put forward and that any Defence team puts

 5     forward, I do ask you to be very much alive to the entire picture.

 6             We have said repeatedly, and it is my consistent position on

 7     behalf of Mr. Stojic, that one cannot pass the evidence, one cannot

 8     dissect it.  The Prosecution have the summaries, they have the exhibit

 9     list, but that is not all they have, because in this particular case no

10     less a person than Mr. Scott spent five hours with this witness, and in

11     400 pages asked this witness numerous questions not about a completely

12     different topic, but including about Mr. Stojic.  So, Your Honours, to

13     say in those circumstances that the Prosecution is coming in on the cold

14     and wants more and more information is lamentable, it is regrettable, and

15     it is completely and utterly devoid of merit.

16             Your Honours, my learned friend says, and has said in court and

17     has said in written submissions, that once again the Defence are blaming

18     the victims.  Well, Your Honours, I'm not blaming any victim, I'm blaming

19     the Prosecution.  I'm blaming them very squarely, because they're wanting

20     more and more.

21             Now, Your Honours, if they were in the position of Oliver Twist

22     and they would come and say, "We want more, please, sir," of course one

23     would try to accommodate them, but in this courtroom, Your Honours, they

24     play the part of Mr. Bumble, lavished with the resources and the

25     abilities that, as an organ of the Court, they are provided with.  We, on

Page 36086

 1     this side, play the sorry part of Oliver Twist, and so, Your Honours, it

 2     really doesn't stand up to close scrutiny, what the Prosecution are

 3     asking for of the.

 4             Your Honours, the fact that the Prosecution had said nothing at

 5     all in relation to the sufficiency of our summaries between March and

 6     January, in my submission, is not without legal effect.  We had, as a

 7     Defence team, a legitimate expectation, given their silence between March

 8     2008 and January 2009, that what we gave was sufficient.  They complained

 9     in relation to Mr. Prlic's statements.  They complained in relation to

10     Mr. Praljak's statements, if I remember rightly.  The fact that they were

11     silent in relation to Mr. Stojic's summaries has legal effect.  It either

12     amounts to a waiver or it gave rise to a legitimate expectation on the

13     part of the Defence.  But to now, with a very small team, in the midst of

14     a Defence case, without the resources that my friend has, to start

15     asking, on a witness-by-witness basis for more detail, has the effect,

16     and I'm sure it's not intended, but it has the affect to amount to an

17     ambush or an attempt to torpedo an overworked and perhaps too small

18     Defence team.  They could have done things in proper time.

19             Your Honours, they refer also in their motion to the Krstic case,

20     and, Your Honours, firstly it's very clear that Judge Rodrigues, who is

21     cited there, and it's page 5924, was not making a legal finding.  He was

22     simply discussing possibilities, but it's not a legal finding.  Again,

23     Your Honours, when one hears a legal submission, it's very important,

24     it's very basic, to go to the constituent document.  Judge Rodrigues was

25     not making a legal finding, he was giving an obiter comment.

Page 36087

 1             But, Your Honours, when did the Prosecution raise it?  They

 2     raised it not on the eve of testimony.  They did not raise it way after

 3     they should have.  They raised it at the pre-Defence conference.  That

 4     was the time the Prosecution should have raised this issue if there was

 5     any merit in their submissions.  They did not, in that conference, point

 6     to particular deficiencies in relation to Mr. Stojic's summaries.

 7             In those circumstances, Your Honour, it is our respectful

 8     submission that Mr. Scott should not be allowed, as he has said in court,

 9     to stand up again and again.

10             I don't need to go into the issues of the applicability or not of

11     issue estoppel or res judicata, but there is a time and place for

12     everything.  And, Your Honours, I would ask that all parties, including

13     the Defence, of course, be told to be sufficiently constrained and not to

14     re-litigate issues ad nauseam.  Your Honours, a time has come, in my

15     respectful submission, instead of raising the temperature in the

16     courtroom and adding to tensions, to put an end to it and to direct that

17     the Prosecution now should not be allowed to raise further issues on the

18     sufficiency of Defence summaries.  That is not to say that we will not in

19     good faith, ourselves, voluntarily seek to supplement when we can.  We

20     will.  As more information comes to light, we will.  But in relation to

21     the Prosecution's right to object and say, "Well, we're going to object

22     to this witness coming at all, we're going to ask this witness's

23     testimony to be put back," it amounts to unwarranted use of prosecutorial

24     discretion, and I would ask Your Honours not to allow it anymore.

25             Your Honour, that's my submission.

Page 36088

 1             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Thank you, Mr. Khan.

 2             Mr. Scott.

 3             MR. SCOTT:  At this late hour of the day, Your Honour, there's

 4     really probably even a one-word response that would suffice, and that

 5     word would be "poppycock."  I've never heard such outlandish submissions,

 6     or rarely have heard such outlandish submissions from such an experienced

 7     counsel.  In fact, I was hoping this afternoon that -- frankly, I was

 8     hoping and indeed even praying, that Mr. Khan might reconsider his course

 9     and not waste the Chamber's time with raising an issue which, as he says,

10     has been raised again and again by all Defence, and in fact, raised

11     exactly by Mr. Karnavas some months ago.  Exactly.  We can't afford to

12     comply with the rules, exactly that argument, which the Chamber, in

13     particular Judge Trechsel, completely rejected out of hand.

14             The Chamber may be familiar with the saying that imitation is the

15     highest form of flattery, and in this regard I suggest that Mr. Khan is

16     flattering Mr. Karnavas by imitating him and putting into practice the

17     notion that offence is the best defence.

18             The courtroom will recall that on the 4th of September, 2008, His

19     Honour Judge Trechsel had these words for Mr. Karnavas, when Mr. Karnavas

20     made exactly these same arguments concerning the adequacy of the Prlic

21     witness summaries:  Your Honour Judge Trechsel stated:

22             "Mr. Karnavas, you're talking along the motto that attack is the

23     best defence."

24             So my congratulations to Mr. Karnavas for the compliment paid to

25     him by Mr. Khan in imitating Mr. Karnavas.

Page 36089

 1             What is lamentable, Your Honours, what is lamentable, is that we

 2     wasted the time this afternoon on an issue indeed that this Chamber has

 3     been clear on and has ruled repeatedly on.  And it is not the Prosecution

 4     but the Defence who repeatedly raises the same question over and over and

 5     over again, which this Chamber has repeatedly rejected.

 6             Now, let me again briefly review the facts.

 7             The Defence is clearly on notice by the Tribunal law and Rules,

 8     which are clear.  This has been dealt with by pleading after pleading,

 9     order after order, which I don't think have been kept secret from

10     Mr. Khan.  It's been -- if he's been in court, unless he's not been

11     listening, he will have seen the law, he will have heard the discussions.

12     As far as I can tell, he was here during most days of the Prlic

13     proceedings where all these issues were discussed repeatedly, and it's

14     unseemly for Mr. Khan just to get up and say, "We weren't aware of this

15     law, it's confidential."  That's utter, utter nonsense, Your Honour.  The

16     Defence have been clearly on notice of what the law requires.  Each of

17     the counsel here are experienced, competent counsel.  They can read the

18     Rules.  Rule 65 ter, it's quite clear.  The Trial Chamber's orders are

19     quite clear.  The Trial Chamber's pre-Defence order was quite clear.

20     There is nothing -- nothing unclear about this, and I couldn't disagree

21     with Mr. Khan more on his statement of the Tribunal law on this topic.

22             As I said last week, indeed, and I think many of us would agree,

23     there are a number of topics in the Tribunal jurisprudence that are not

24     entirely clear and there's room for debate.  This is not one of them.

25     The jurisprudence is absolutely consistent and clear, as this Trial

Page 36090

 1     Chamber has ruled repeated -- ruled and applied repeatedly, including at

 2     the 21st of April, one of the pre-Defence conferences, in which the

 3     Prosecution did raise -- did raise and has raised ever since, at every

 4     opportunity at every appropriate moment, the inadequacy of the summaries;

 5     first, obviously, in the Prlic Defence case, which it was the first

 6     Defence case, but also more generally.  We've made the point over and

 7     over again.

 8             So, again, for Mr. Khan to suggest the Prosecution has somehow

 9     sat silent on its hands, I think most in the courtroom would be shocked

10     to hear that, because we are rarely to -- rarely silent about much of

11     anything, Mr. President.

12             Your Honour, President Antonetti, you were very clear.  You said

13     repeatedly and specifically on the 21st of April at a conference that the

14     Defence summary -- many of the Defence summaries across the board, all

15     six accused, many of the Defence summaries were inadequate, and

16     specifically citing by example the Praljak summaries.  It's on the

17     record.  Anyone can get the transcript.  It was clearly put out.  Now, is

18     it my fault if, in the intervening time, if the Praljak Defence, for

19     example, doesn't take your direction on board, Judge Antonetti, and

20     correct those problems, does it become it's my fault?  It's the

21     Prosecution's fault, because we haven't raised it every day?  Their

22     obligation is to the Rules and to the Judges to comply, and whether I

23     raise it every day or not, Your Honour Judge Antonetti, your direction,

24     your findings in April 2008, are still in effect and still apply.  And

25     until the defence comply with your order, there is not compliance.

Page 36091

 1             Judge Trechsel, on the 13th of October, 2008, engaged in a quite

 2     clear tutorial, and the transcript goes on for some length at what's

 3     required.  Unless Mr. Khan wasn't present or didn't have access to the

 4     transcript, he would have been clearly advised of what Rule 65 ter

 5     requires.  He may want to dust off that part of the transcript and review

 6     it, the 13th of October, 2008.

 7             Judge Prandler, not to be left out, Your Honour, has also raised

 8     on numerous occasions what the law requires, and specifically on the 24th

 9     of September, 2008, urged the Defence -- urged the Defence, saying this

10     was, quote, "a kind of lesson" for everyone to provide fully adequate

11     summaries "as punctually as possible."  Each of Your Honours has clearly

12     repeatedly indicated what the law requires, and Mr. Khan couldn't be more

13     wrong.

14             Now, we did specifically alert them in general, and if Mr. Khan,

15     again, was not asleep during the Prlic case, he knows the position that

16     the Prosecution took during the Prlic case on a number of summaries that

17     were complained about, and a number of times -- and there were a number

18     instances where the Trial Chamber ruled that there were indeed inadequate

19     summaries.  I assume Mr. Khan was paying attention.

20             We sent letters on the 1st of October, 2008, and again on the

21     23rd of October, 2008, raising as a general matter, contrary to sitting

22     silent, saying, "We're still concerned about the summaries.  We're going

23     to write just to put you on the notice, if the summaries aren't adequate,

24     we'll raise them as we go."  Hardly a surprise, hardly a surprise.

25             I'm not going to go through, Your Honour, because of the hour,

Page 36092

 1     I'm not going to go through all the exchange of correspondence from the

 2     23rd of October to date.  Let me just jump to the end of last week, when,

 3     in fact and, indeed, to make the point, in this instance the Trial

 4     Chamber granted the Prosecution motion and did find the summary

 5     inadequate.  That's not Ken Scott's finding.  That's your finding,

 6     Judges.  You found it was inadequate, and so ruled.  And then you

 7     ordered -- then you ordered the Stojic Defence to provide a completely

 8     adequate summary by the next day.  Well, unfortunately, they didn't do

 9     that.  They provided a summary that, frankly, was no improvement at all,

10     unfortunately.  We received on the summary -- and let me give you some

11     examples.

12             One of the topics that we complained about before was the

13     evidence about detention camps.  The summary simply repeated exactly the

14     same words.  Is that an improvement?  Mr. Stojic's de jure and de facto

15     powers, the summary is slightly rephrased, using a few different words,

16     providing no additional information.  Number 3, the events that Mr. Bozic

17     supposedly witnessed with regard to Stojic, no new information provided.

18     Number 4, document P 02056 added nothing beyond saying that the witness

19     "will testify to the veracity of documents provided by him and will

20     describe how these documents were created."  Nothing more specific than

21     that, and I will come back to that particular item in a few moments.

22             I cannot see, Your Honour, how any of these objections were

23     unreasonable or unfair on behalf of the Prosecution in the wake of this

24     Trial Chamber's filing that the existing adequate summary was not

25     adequate.

Page 36093

 1             In response, the Stojic Defence, by way of a letter on Saturday

 2     the 24th - and now let me remind you, this is the Saturday before the

 3     witness is supposed to start on Monday - finally we get the fourth

 4     summary, the fourth summary, and just then there is some improvement.

 5     But what's troubling about the fourth summary and which kind tells the

 6     tale, unfortunately, is it becomes clear that the withholding of

 7     information has been tactical.  Let me take one example.  I'm going to

 8     take one example, I'm going to walk the Chamber through it.  That

 9     concerns, in fact, this Exhibit P 02056.

10             Concerning that --

11             MS. NOZICA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, Your Honours, I

12     apologise, colleague Scott, I object.  The witness is supposed to come

13     into the courtroom tomorrow, and I really think that what has been said

14     about his testimony, especially as we are in open session, should not be

15     presented now.  Let Mr. Scott try and -- I beg your pardon.  We're

16     talking about summaries, and I think the witness is due to come, and I

17     have a lot of difficulty in understanding this whole story, because the

18     witness can -- regardless of what we put in the summary, he may say

19     something quite different here in the courtroom, once he takes his oath.

20     This hypothetically may occur, Judge Trechsel.  I can tell you what he

21     told me in the proofing, but once he takes his oath, he may say something

22     quite different.

23             So I really think that what has been said in the summary and what

24     has been disclosed to the parties should not be went into now.  If

25     Mr. Scott feels it's inadequate, though we haven't been told anything to

Page 36094

 1     that effect since Saturday, then we will consider providing additional

 2     information about -- including about the document he wishes to mention

 3     now.

 4             Mr. Scott said that he received that information on Saturday.  It

 5     was clear that the witness could not begin his testimony on Monday,

 6     because we had another witness, an expert witness, and it is quite clear

 7     that he had quite sufficient time to prepare on the basis of additional

 8     information.

 9             I must say that all of this is very tiring, and I must tell you,

10     with all sincerity, it's very difficult to work with the witness, to

11     proof him, to talk with him, and to work with him constantly under all

12     these pressures.

13             Yes, my colleague is suggesting to me that the colleague told us

14     that the information we provided was sufficient.  Mr. Scott obviously

15     wishes to go further because he feels that even the information provided

16     on Saturday was not adequate.  If a specific case is being referred to, I

17     feel we should refrain from mentioning them and from them going into the

18     transcript, which could be harmful for the proceedings.

19             MR. SCOTT:  Your Honours, it's unseemly for counsel to object to

20     an argument that they have put in motion.  They've raised the issue.  I'm

21     responding to it.  And I did not interrupt Mr. Khan as much as I might

22     have wanted to, and I would appreciate the same courtesy.

23             The point was not to ask for more information -- excuse me.

24             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Scott, just very quickly

25     two points.

Page 36095

 1             The Trial Chamber was informed that you were satisfied with the

 2     information provided to you by the Stojic Defence, so for us that settled

 3     the matter.

 4             Secondly, the witness is scheduled to testify tomorrow.  I think

 5     it might be better not to go to the merits of his testimony with

 6     exhibits, you know, because this is an open session, and might you want

 7     to us to move to private session to continue?

 8             MR. SCOTT:  Your Honour, if it would assist, I'd be happy to go

 9     into private session, but I don't think it's necessary.  But if it will

10     assist the Chamber to move this more efficiently, I'll be happy to.  I

11     see no reason to whatsoever.

12             MR. KHAN:  Your Honour, of course it's for my learned friend

13     Mr. Scott to decide how he responds.  I didn't once go into the substance

14     of the witness's testimony.  My point was the procedural one, the

15     legitimacy of the Prosecution to keep asking for additional information.

16             Your Honour, my learned friend perhaps can be allowed to complete

17     his submissions.  I will say, before I sit down, I did make a mistake.

18     In relation to this particular witness, he didn't speak to him for five

19     hours, he spoke to him for five days.  So, I'm sorry, that's my mistake;

20     five days, 400 pages, Mr. Scott with this witness.

21             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  Yes, Mr. Khan, and your lead counsel has just

22     told us that the witness may say something quite different now, and

23     that's exactly what the other side is entitled to know.  It may be

24     something different than what he told sometime ago.  But I think,

25     Mr. Khan, this Chamber rather recently has made a decision which is quite

Page 36096

 1     clear and which basically accepts the points made by the Prosecution, and

 2     you are, it seems, asking the Chamber now to turn back 180 degrees and

 3     even kick in the other direction.

 4             MR. KHAN:  Your Honours, I will just -- with your leave -- in

 5     fact, I think Your Honour, with the greatest respect, has not got the

 6     point; not got the point, no.

 7             The point of my learned friend, Ms. Nozica, is even if a full

 8     statement has been taken, of course there is a possibility that a witness

 9     in the dock, under oath, will say something different.  That is

10     completely a different issue.  Your Honours, that is completely, in my

11     submission -- Your Honour can say no, but in my submission that's a

12     completely different issue.

13             It is well known to anybody experienced in the courtroom that a

14     witness can go hostile.  That happens.  It happens to Prosecution

15     witnesses, it can happen to Defence witnesses.  It's when they come and

16     say something that was not contemplated when they took the statement, and

17     in many cases if the party calling them had known they were going to go

18     hostile, that witness would not have been called.

19             So the point of Ms. Nozica, in my respectful submission, has not

20     been well understood by Your Honour Judge Trechsel, if it's being taken

21     as an acceptance that we know the witness will say something different,

22     not a bit of it, not a bit of it.

23             Your Honour --

24             JUDGE TRECHSEL:  I didn't say that.  It's not really something to

25     go further into.  I understood Ms. Nozica's point, but I was pointing to

Page 36097

 1     it that there is also another side to the same argument.  That's all.

 2             MR. KHAN:  And, Your Honour, just one final point.

 3             I'm not seeking to revisit all the issues.  We have given

 4     additional summaries for Mr. Bozic.  It was before your order, before

 5     Your Honours' order, we already expressed a willingness to provide that

 6     which we were later on ordered to give.  It was not for any wont of

 7     willingness on the part of the Defence.  We have given a statement in

 8     relation to Mr. Buljon, a further supplement.  But my point, Your

 9     Honours, is that we did see it, in the Prlic case, a proclivity to keep,

10     on a witness-by-witness basis, when there's a thousand and one things for

11     a small Defence team to do, to ask for better particulars.

12             And, Your Honour, the point still remains:  Why did the

13     Prosecution, between March 2008 and January 2009 -- and let my learned

14     friend refer to a transcript where he said that a particular Stojic

15     summary was deficient.  I challenge him to do that.

16             In my respectful submission, and our junior -- my legal assistant

17     is at the back and has looked at all the correspondence.  We couldn't

18     find any instance where any member, not just Mr. Scott, any member of the

19     very able Prosecution team said this statement, this summary is deficient

20     and inadequate and we want more information.

21             The Rules are there for a purpose; I agree.  The Defence have to

22     comply; I agree.  But there is a time and place for everything, and the

23     time was prior to the Defence case starting, and that has not been done.

24             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Mr. Scott has to finish.  You

25     have five more minutes to complete your arguments, because it's nearly

Page 36098

 1     7.00 and we'll have to finish for the day.

 2             Yes.

 3             MS. TOMASEGOVIC TOMIC: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I will only

 4     take one minute.

 5             I join everything that was said by Mr. Khan regarding summaries,

 6     but I would say that what Colleague Scott said is not correct regarding

 7     His Honour Judge Antonetti, that at the session of the 21st of April,

 8     2008, he objected to the summaries of all the Defence counsels.  I think

 9     that His Honour, the President, remembers that, but judging by the

10     transcript, on pages 27376, 27377, and 27378, it can clearly be seen,

11     what His Honour Judge Antonetti said, addressing individually each of the

12     Defence counsels, and he had objections regarding the summaries of

13     Mr. Praljak's Defence.

14             I will not go into the correspondence between the Stojic Defence

15     counsel and Mr. Scott, but this is what the transcript shows.

16             Thank you.

17             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] We'll have to stop.  I don't

18     understand why this procedural issue is taking -- is getting out of

19     proportion.  We'll have to put an end to this discussion.

20             Tomorrow, we have a witness who's scheduled.  I think there was a

21     minor problem because of his eyesight, but I think that's going to be

22     settled.

23             Ms. Nozica, whilst I was listening to you earlier on, I was

24     looking at the schedule.  Initially, there were six days that were

25     scheduled.  We're already lagging behind by two days, Monday and Tuesday.

Page 36099

 1     Obviously, Mr. Bozic is going to continue on Wednesday, the 4th, and

 2     Thursday, the 5th, so you might want not to call Stijepo Buljan, who was

 3     scheduled for two hours too early, because if he arrives whilst Bozic is

 4     not finished, you're going to run into difficulty.  So it's up to you.

 5     But if you really need the time, because for five hours, you really need

 6     six days, you might have to postpone Buljan.  I just wanted to flag that

 7     out for you.

 8             Yes, Ms. Alaburic.

 9             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours, with your

10     permission, in view of the fact that we have another five minutes left

11     for our work this evening, may I have your permission to present an oral

12     suggestion?

13             MR. KOVACIC:  Your Honours, just a minor technical intervention.

14             I think that the transcript should show that Mr. Scott left the

15     court.  It must be recorded.

16             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Ms. Alaburic, do you need to

17     have Prosecution representatives in the courtroom for what you're going

18     to say?  If not, you can speak.  But if you need their presence, you'd

19     better say what you want to say another day.

20             MS. ALABURIC: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I was just going to

21     suggest the same thing.  Tomorrow, at the beginning of the hearing, I

22     would make this oral proposal, and I would certainly wish representatives

23     of the Prosecution to be present.

24             Thank you.

25             JUDGE ANTONETTI: [Interpretation] Very well.

Page 36100

 1             It is 7.00 or nearly.  I thought we would finish earlier.  I wish

 2     everybody a good evening.  We shall reconvene tomorrow in the afternoon.

 3                           --- Whereupon the hearing adjourned at 6.55 p.m.,

 4                           to be reconvened on Wednesday, the 28th day of

 5                           January, 2009, at 2.15 p.m.

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