Page 263
1 Friday, 21st January, 2000
2 [Open session]
3 [Status Conference]
4 [The accused entered court]
5 --- Upon commencing at 10.30 a.m.
6 THE REGISTRAR: Good morning, Your Honours.
7 Case number IT-98-30-PT. The Prosecutor versus
8 Miroslav Kvocka, Milojica Kos, Mladjo Radic and Zoran
9 Zigic.
10 JUDGE MAY: Appearances, please.
11 MR. NIEMANN: Your Honours, please, good
12 morning. My name is Niemann and I appear with my
13 colleagues, Mr. Keegan and Mr. Waidyaratne, for the
14 Prosecution, if Your Honours please.
15 JUDGE MAY: Defence.
16 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] Good morning,
17 Your Honours. Krstan Simic, attorney at law from Banja
18 Luka, for Mr. Kvocka.
19 MR. NIKOLIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours,
20 good morning. Zarko Nikolic, attorney at law,
21 appearing for Milojica Kos, together with Mr. Nikolic.
22 MR. FILA: [Interpretation] Good morning, Your
23 Honours. Toma Fila, attorney at law, with Mr. Zoran
24 Jovanovic, Defence counsel for Radic.
25 MR. TOSIC: [Interpretation] Good morning,
Page 264
1 Your Honours. I am Simo Tosic, attorney at law from
2 Banja Luka, and I appear for Mr. Zigic.
3 JUDGE MAY: The purpose of this Status
4 Conference is to review the progress. Of course, some
5 progress has been made in relation to depositions, and
6 I understand there will be a meeting concerning the
7 depositions hearing after this hearing. And we welcome
8 the progress which is being made and the work which has
9 been done, I may say, on that particular topic.
10 The matters which we have to deal with -- I
11 should begin by saying, subject to this, there are, of
12 course, only two of us sitting. Judge Robinson is
13 absent for urgent personal reasons, as I hope everyone
14 has been informed.
15 That being so, normally, of course, motions
16 are heard by three people, three judges, I should say.
17 What we have in mind is hearing any argument. We
18 shall, of course, not be able to make any decisions
19 until we are fully constituted next Tuesday. But
20 meanwhile we would propose hearing any oral submissions
21 that anybody wants to make about the motions today, and
22 we will deliver our orders when we are fully
23 constituted after next Tuesday.
24 If there is any objection to that course,
25 would anybody state it now, and we'll hear any
Page 265
1 submissions. If there are no objections, we'll go
2 along -- we'll go on to consider the various motions.
3 Any objections?
4 MR. NIEMANN: No objections from the
5 Prosecution, Your Honour.
6 JUDGE MAY: Any Defence counsel want to make
7 any objections?
8 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] Defence counsel
9 also has no objections. No objections, Your Honour.
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15 JUDGE MAY: Very well. We'll go into closed
16 hearing.
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12 [Open session]
13 JUDGE MAY: Are we back in open session?
14 THE REGISTRAR: Yes.
15 JUDGE MAY: As I said, dealing with
16 depositions, Messrs. Radic and Kvocka have filed
17 motions to add to their list, and Mr. Zigic has applied
18 to vary his list. There's quite a number of witnesses
19 it's sought to add. There is a withdrawal in one
20 case. We have discussed this. It seems sensible, in
21 fact, not to make any order on these particular motions
22 at this stage, because the whole question of
23 depositions is going to be considered after this
24 hearing. And when you've heard what the presiding
25 officer says, it may be that it will make a difference
Page 269
1 to the applications. So at this stage, we won't deal
2 with those, unless there is anything somebody wants to
3 say about them. Very well.
4 The next matter is the issue of protective
5 measures for deposition witnesses, and, well, it may be
6 sensible to deal with those. As I understand it,
7 there's no objection to our making orders for
8 protective measures.
9 MR. NIEMANN: Your Honours, only in
10 relation -- we filed a motion in relation to the motion
11 that was filed on behalf of the defendant Mr. Zigic.
12 JUDGE MAY: Yes, I've got that in mind. I'll
13 come to that next.
14 MR. NIEMANN: But other than that, no, Your
15 Honour.
16 JUDGE MAY: I'll deal with these matters one
17 by one, and perhaps if I could have a word with the
18 legal officer, the presiding officer.
19 [Trial Chamber confers]
20 JUDGE MAY: In principle, we will make an
21 order for protective measures. It may be that the
22 presiding officer will be able to advise us as to
23 precisely what's needed. But in principle, the order
24 will be made.
25 That brings us to the question of safe
Page 270
1 conduct, which Mr. Niemann mentions, and to that you've
2 objected.
3 MR. NIEMANN: Yes, Your Honours.
4 Your Honours, our objection is not so much to
5 the order ultimately being made in relation to safe
6 conduct, provided that can be established, but on our
7 reading of the material filed on behalf of the
8 defendant Mr. Zigic, it occurs to us that, indeed, the
9 statements would suggest the contrary; that is, that
10 there's nothing contained in them that would suggest we
11 would be seeking to indict them in any event, and
12 therefore the order itself would not appear to be
13 justified. That being the case, it's the position that
14 we've taken is that these orders are of a serious
15 nature and that if they are sought, they should be
16 sought on the basis of the establishment of some prima
17 facie need, and we submit that that hasn't been
18 demonstrated.
19 Secondly, Your Honours, our second objection
20 relates to the request that there be constraints placed
21 on the Prosecutor with respect to any subsequent
22 indictment, and in our submission, Your Honours, the
23 request for safe conduct has -- there's no necessity
24 for that to go that far. The restraint is upon the
25 Prosecutor in effecting arrest or indicting at the
Page 271
1 particular hearing. We accept -- provided there is a
2 justification for it, we accept that is a reasonable
3 constraint, and it's one which has been imposed upon us
4 in other cases. We raise no objection to that, subject
5 to the prima facie basis being established.
6 But with respect to a constraint upon any
7 subsequent indictment, we submit two things, Your
8 Honours; firstly, that this accused has no standing to
9 seek a constraint upon the Prosecutor's executive
10 function in relation to indicting, on subsequent
11 occasion, another person for whom they don't act. I
12 mean a witness and an accused are different, and we
13 submit, Your Honours, that in any event, that sort of
14 intrusion on the role of the Prosecutor in filing an
15 indictment is unjustified.
16 Unless I can help Your Honours in any other
17 matters, we rely on our submissions.
18 JUDGE MAY: Mr. Niemann, in our experience,
19 safe conducts are granted on occasion, but they are
20 limited purely to the occasion of giving evidence.
21 MR. NIEMANN: That's right, Your Honours, and
22 we submit that that should be the basis of any order
23 that Your Honours would seek to make.
24 JUDGE MAY: Yes, as we have done in the
25 past. Very well. Thank you. We'll hear from the
Page 272
1 Defence on this particular point.
2 MR. TOSIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours, as
3 for the Defence in these constraints. In view of the
4 status of the accused, and the status of the witnesses,
5 on one occasion, as I mentioned on the previous Status
6 Conference, Mile Ratkovic was supposed to be heard by
7 one of the investigators, but he did not make a
8 statement. In my absence, I didn't know what his
9 status was, whether he was a suspect, a witness, and
10 whether he was a witness for the Prosecution or witness
11 for the Defence. I don't think that we are interfering
12 with the rights of the Prosecutor, but, at any rate,
13 when a witness makes a statement, the witness has to
14 have certain obligations, in view of his own status.
15 He should not be put in a position to be a suspect, if
16 he is giving testimony anyway.
17 I had this concrete example in the case of
18 this Tribunal in relation to another one of my clients,
19 who doesn't know whether he is going to be a witness in
20 a certain case, and whether he is going to be a suspect
21 with regard to another matter. So that is why I
22 brought this up. Thank you.
23 JUDGE MAY: Thank you. We'll consider this
24 and give a ruling in due course.
25 The next matter concerns the disclosure of a
Page 273
1 videotape of an interview with the Prosecution by
2 Mr. Kvocka and a number of photographs described as
3 photo boards shown to Prosecution witnesses during
4 questioning.
5 Dealing with the photo boards first. As I
6 understand it, the Prosecution have undertaken to
7 disclose any photo board, or any relevant part of the
8 photo board that will be used during the trial or which
9 might contain any exculpatory material.
10 Is that the position?
11 MR. KEEGAN: It is, Your Honour.
12 JUDGE MAY: When are you going to do that,
13 Mr. Keegan?
14 MR. KEEGAN: In the course of disclosure,
15 Your Honour -- I mean, we intended to disclose
16 additional material later on. Not a specific
17 timetable; just a normal course of disclosure.
18 Certainly well before the beginning of the trial.
19 JUDGE MAY: We'll have to come back to
20 disclosure at some stage.
21 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour.
22 JUDGE MAY: To timetable it. Are you in a
23 position, while you are on your feet, are you in a
24 position to comply with a disclosure order fairly
25 rapidly, if we were to make one?
Page 274
1 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour.
2 JUDGE MAY: Now, the next matter is the
3 videotape of the accused's interview. Mr. Keegan, are
4 you dealing with that again?
5 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour.
6 JUDGE MAY: Can I draw your attention to Rule
7 66(A)(i), which provides for the disclosure of any
8 prior statements obtained by the Prosecutor from the
9 accused. Maybe there is no dispute about this, in
10 which case it's unnecessary for me to refer to this
11 Rule.
12 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour, there is no
13 dispute, but this is -- as I understand it, that
14 relates to a statement by an accused to that accused.
15 This request relates to a statement by another accused;
16 in effect, a witness, if you will, a statement from a
17 witness.
18 JUDGE MAY: Very well. Then let us find out
19 the precise position.
20 Who does it relate to?
21 MR. KEEGAN: This is a request for the --
22 well, he asked for the videotapes of interviews of the
23 other accused in this matter. He asked for the --
24 excuse me, the videotape -- the interview of Kos, and
25 it's Mr. Kvocka's counsel who is making that request.
Page 275
1 So, in effect, we are dealing with a witness statement,
2 if you will, here.
3 JUDGE MAY: So it's not his own statement;
4 it's the statement of a co-accused?
5 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour. And our
6 position merely is that this is treated as any other
7 piece of potential evidence, as the Prosecutor
8 determines that there is a basis for disclosure under
9 the Rules. Either we intend to offer it into evidence
10 or, pursuant to Rule 68, it needs to be disclosed to
11 the Defence; we will do so. The tapes are in the --
12 are now being transcribed, and until such time as there
13 is an official transcription of the videotape, it's an
14 incomplete piece of evidence, if you will. And we are
15 not in a position to make a final determination of its
16 relative status vis-à-vis disclosure.
17 As soon as we have a final transcript, and we
18 make that determination, we will then disclose, if
19 required under the Rules, or as we are obligated to.
20 JUDGE MAY: I am thinking aloud. Normally,
21 at least in a domestic jurisdiction, the accused would
22 have access to statements to the police by their
23 co-accused.
24 MR. KEEGAN: They do, Your Honour, except to
25 the extent that that statement may contain information
Page 276
1 that is wholly unrelated to the particular case, and
2 there may be requirements for protection of some or all
3 of that information for other reasons. All I am simply
4 saying is we are trying to treat this as we do any
5 other piece of evidence, and we need an official
6 transcription before we can be certain as to exactly
7 what the contents of the videotape are and what
8 portions, if any, or all, need to be disclosed. That's
9 all.
10 JUDGE MAY: In the normal course of events,
11 you would disclose it, unless there was material which
12 for some reason or another you think should not be
13 disclosed?
14 MR. KEEGAN: Correct, Your Honour.
15 JUDGE MAY: Very well. When are you going to
16 deal with this, please?
17 MR. KEEGAN: It's obviously a very lengthy
18 transcript, Your Honour. It's in the process of being
19 transcribed. I would anticipate it will be done within
20 another two to three weeks. But, it's -- in the course
21 of events, with all the other pressing matters for
22 disclosure and translation, we are doing the best we
23 can.
24 [Trial Chamber confers]
25 JUDGE MAY: Mr. Keegan, we'll hear the
Page 277
1 Defence about this. Clearly, it's a matter which
2 should be resolved one way or another. We would have
3 in mind to order disclosure within three weeks, or an
4 indication of parts undisclosed, something along those
5 lines, so that we get the matter into hand.
6 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour. And in my
7 discussions with Mr. Niemann, I mean, there was an
8 intent to disclose it. It's simply a matter of waiting
9 for the process. That was the only issue.
10 JUDGE MAY: Yes. Very well.
11 Mr. Simic, that's the order which we have in
12 mind to make, unless you've got any submissions about
13 it.
14 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] Your Honour, I
15 accept the arguments presented by my colleagues from
16 the Prosecution; however, I raised this issue for the
17 following reason: At the last Status Conference
18 Mr. Fila opposed the disclosure of such documents. I
19 got video recordings from the Prosecutor with
20 Mr. Radic's statements, and I thought that this was the
21 natural course to take. But in view of the objections
22 taken by Mr. Radic's Defence, I believe, on the basis
23 of Rule 68, the Defence is entitled to such evidence as
24 well, and that is why we sent this request, so that the
25 Prosecutor could give us all this evidence, which we
Page 278
1 consider to be essential and material, and this could
2 also support Mr. Kvocka's Defence. So I accept this
3 three-week deadline. Thank you.
4 JUDGE MAY: Thank you.
5 MR. NIKOLIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours,
6 Mr. Kos's Defence also believes that the Defence
7 attorneys for the other accused should be given such
8 material. As far as the accused Mr. Kos is concerned,
9 we don't think that there is anything that would be of
10 a discreditory nature, and that is why we agreed to
11 this. But may I mention, in passing now, that in that
12 case the Defence of Mr. Kos is going to ask the
13 Prosecutor to submit tapes with the statements of
14 Mr. Radic, the accused Mr. Radic.
15 MR. TOSIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours,
16 Zoran Zigic's Defence presented a request to the
17 Prosecutor for the disclosure of these materials in
18 good time, so perhaps this was an omission made by the
19 Prosecutor. We agree that this be submitted; and in
20 good time, a month ago, we asked for this disclosure,
21 just like Mr. Simic asked for Mr. Kvocka.
22 So I don't want to go into all of that
23 again. I don't think there is any need for us to
24 submit a new request. I believe that there is no need
25 for us to require this once again. And we also agree
Page 279
1 with what my colleague, Mr. Nikolic, Defence attorney
2 for Mr. Kos, said. Thank you.
3 MR. FILA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, the
4 reason why I opposed this last time is one that stands
5 until the present day. It is not that the Defence
6 attorneys for others should see what others have been
7 saying. These tapes can be abused by it being released
8 to the public, especially only certain segments, that
9 something was said this way or that way.
10 So what I think is that in the order it
11 should be stated that the tapes may not be disclosed to
12 anyone else. That is the only thing I asked for. I
13 think this is only natural. And I thank you.
14 JUDGE MAY: Yes.
15 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour. Just for the
16 record, we did of course respond to the request from
17 Mr. Tosic, and informed him, in essence, the same way
18 we responded to this motion, that we were in the
19 process of getting the videotapes transcribed. And if
20 there was discloseable material pursuant to our
21 obligations, we would disclose it. That's certainly
22 our intent. It's just a question of the resources.
23 These are particularly difficult to
24 transcribe, based on the nature of the interview and
25 the quality of the equipment. And we obviously agree
Page 280
1 to the protective measures, although I think they would
2 be covered by the existing orders in any event.
3 JUDGE MAY: We will make any order subject to
4 particular protective measures in this case. So that's
5 probably right, that the broad order covers it. But we
6 will specifically identify these items as not to be
7 disclosed, as indeed they should not be.
8 The final matter, as far as motions are
9 concerned, is a motion on behalf of Mr. Kvocka for his
10 provisional release.
11 As I said earlier, this is not a matter which
12 we can deal with or make any order in respect of in the
13 absence of Judge Robinson. We can hear any oral
14 submissions that anybody wants to make, if that's
15 agreeable. Bear in mind, of course, that we have the
16 written submissions already. But, Mr. Simic, if there
17 is anything you would like to add, we would, of course,
18 hear you.
19 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] Your Honour,
20 first of all, I agree for my submission to be heard
21 today and for the decision to be made when the Trial
22 Chamber is complete.
23 As is usually, we submitted a motion
24 explaining our position, requesting the application of
25 Rule 65 and for the provisional release of Mr. Kvocka,
Page 281
1 for him to defend himself from freedom. We will not go
2 through all the reasons which we have cited in our
3 submission, but we would like to point to some
4 particular facts that we consider important.
5 Having in mind such a sensitive question as
6 this, which has already been discussed before the
7 International Tribunal, the concept of criminal law
8 resides on the presumption of innocence, that a person
9 is innocent until proved guilty. And this is also
10 accepted in the Statute of the Tribunal, according to
11 Rule 21(3). Based on this concept, many points are
12 then developed as far as overall criminal law is
13 concerned, and, of course, an important issue in this
14 respect is the issue of detention.
15 Of course, we will all agree that in the
16 concept of modern criminal law, it is accepted that
17 detention is an exceptional matter because it affects
18 the most subtle aspects of a person's freedom, his
19 relations to his family, restrictions on his movement.
20 So detention is a measure which could be applied
21 exceptionally, but the general rule is that people are
22 free to move freely, to perform the functions that they
23 are supposed to perform by nature and society, until
24 the time that they are pronounced guilty and
25 sentenced.
Page 282
1 The question of detention before the Tribunal
2 was also discussed at a round table which was organised
3 in November in 1998 in Belgrade, and it was organised
4 by the Fund for Humanitarian Rights. It was attended
5 by experts on this matter, including Ambassador
6 Scheffer from the United States, who was representing
7 the U.S. government on issues of war crimes.
8 Unfortunately, Madame Arbour, then the Prosecutor, and
9 President McDonald were unable to attend at that time
10 because the Yugoslav authorities did not issue them
11 visas in order to enter the FRY. It would have been
12 very beneficial if the President and the Prosecutor had
13 been able to attend.
14 But this is a very delicate legal issue,
15 there is no doubt about that, and one of the
16 conclusions was the Tribunal will receive a proposal to
17 review all of these issues and consider, to date,
18 practice and also its own regulations where detention
19 is imposed as obligatory, as an obligation, detention
20 which, in the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, is
21 contrary to the concept which has been adopted in
22 modern criminal law, that detention is an exceptional
23 measure and is only imposed in exceptional
24 circumstances.
25 Of course, we have in mind that the work of
Page 283
1 the International Tribunal is specific. It has a
2 different concept of law. But this concept of law
3 cannot be contrary to all of the ideas which are
4 prevalent in modern criminal law today.
5 The accused are accused of serious crimes,
6 but we are also aware, as practice has shown, that
7 there are people with varying degrees of
8 responsibility, and we can see that this is reflected
9 in different sentences passed by the Tribunal, as the
10 sentences show for Mr. Aleksovski and Mr. Jelisic, who
11 was sentenced to 40 years.
12 So we are aware that each Trial Chamber can
13 decide whether a person can be trusted, whether they
14 have enough responsibility, in light of the fact that
15 every person is innocent until proved guilty. And for
16 that reason, I believe that this question should be
17 opened up before the Tribunal in the spirit of the
18 ideas prevalent in contemporary law and, of course,
19 without prejudice to the fact that the persons who are
20 before you here, and others who will be before you
21 here, have been accused of serious crimes but,
22 nevertheless, they are people.
23 The institute of detention has two main
24 elements which we need to review. The first is the
25 guarantee that the accused will appear before the Trial
Page 284
1 Chamber. So we have to create a secure mechanism and
2 system that the accused will not use his release in
3 order to unable proceedings to continue or prevent the
4 carrying out of justice.
5 The second question which we need to consider
6 is whether the accused, by being released, if he is
7 granted this confidence by the Trial Chamber, will
8 influence or tamper with witnesses, and having in mind
9 the nature of this case, these would mostly be
10 victims.
11 So we need to consider these two questions
12 regarding Mr. Kvocka, and we need to stick to concrete
13 facts.
14 I had a meeting with Mr. Blewett, the Deputy
15 Prosecutor, yesterday, and we reached a high degree of
16 agreement, accord, on these questions, especially
17 concerning the fact that the political and social
18 situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is still quite
19 complex and that it was essential to open up true
20 processes of cooperation which are, first of all, in
21 the interests of justice, on one side, and also in the
22 interests of the accused, because these processes of
23 cooperation will create possibilities for the carrying
24 out of justice. But also there will be a possibility,
25 for people who are in this position, to exercise more
Page 285
1 easily their right to defence, easier access for them
2 to documents, or for them to have a more substantial
3 logical support.
4 We also agreed that the results have not been
5 great in this aspect, and I will not deny this here
6 today. But I do have to say, in order for you to
7 understand this issue about the results, that a person
8 has to be well informed about the circumstances in the
9 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Bosnia and
10 Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.
11 The government is facing a particular problem
12 as far as the implementation of the Dayton Accords is
13 concerned, and this is a question that concerns
14 cooperation with The Hague Tribunal. So all political
15 options are viewed in the light of cooperation with the
16 Tribunal as an institution which needs to ensure a
17 lasting and stable peace in the region and, in a
18 certain way, so that in the future we would avoid
19 conflicts like this.
20 All the indictments and all the
21 publicly-indicted persons have been -- the Republika
22 Srpska has been informed about that, but all of the
23 people sitting here have never received those
24 indictments. They were never handed to them, because
25 up until 1998 there was an obstruction of everything
Page 286
1 that came from the Tribunal and everything that had
2 anything to do -- any connection with the Tribunal.
3 This is true, and I substantiate these claims with an
4 interview by Mr. Kvocka.
5 Mr. Kvocka, several days before his arrest,
6 gave an interview to Mr. Chris Bennett, a person who is
7 the deputy of the director of the International Crisis
8 Group. This interview was published in the news
9 Slobodna Bosna. This magazine is published in the
10 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
11 A day earlier, Mr. Kvocka gave a public
12 interview to Channel 5 of British Television. He gave
13 this openly in his front yard, where it was taped, and
14 he literally said that he never received an indictment,
15 that no one had ever informed -- gave him any
16 information regarding this, and everything that he
17 knows, he knows from the media, from the press. And as
18 he said, everybody already knew about this; this was
19 public knowledge.
20 Mr. Kvocka also said clearly and concisely
21 that he was not afraid, that he was moving freely
22 throughout Prijedor, that he was passing by members of
23 SFOR, and he was even afraid that because of that
24 statement of his, members of SFOR would have problems,
25 because they were not arresting him even though there
Page 287
1 was a warrant issued, and that he absolutely had no
2 intention of running; he had no intention of running
3 away. He confirmed this just three days after the
4 publication of that interview. Mr. Kvocka was arrested
5 then.
6 He is one of the few people who were arrested
7 in a dignified manner, without any use of force,
8 because simply his interview seemed to be an invitation
9 for the arrest. And that is why we believe that the
10 Trial Chamber should, to a sufficient degree,
11 appreciate the specific circumstances, and that is that
12 Mr. Kvocka was not arrested, nor that he had any
13 information about that, and that he had no intention to
14 run, which he indicated before he was arrested. This
15 is the question that we need to discuss.
16 The second question: There are specific
17 relationships in the Republika Srpska. If Mr. Kvocka
18 had received the indictment, in view of the attitude
19 towards the Tribunal, the satirisation of the Tribunal
20 and denial of its existence, and having in mind that
21 his wife is a Bosniak, and because of the security of
22 his family, Mr. Kvocka was not in a position to turn
23 himself in, and we are not hiding that.
24 Even if Mr. Kvocka had been handed the
25 indictment and had he waited, Mr. Kvocka was in his
Page 288
1 house, waiting to be arrested, because during any kind
2 of arrest, tensions are raised, political tensions, and
3 this is very difficult to explain. I think this fact
4 also needs to be taken into account.
5 Another question which concerns the status of
6 detention is the effect on victims. I have to say that
7 the indictment and also the evidence disclosed by the
8 Prosecution does not place Mr. Kvocka in any situation
9 in which he personally undertook any act which could
10 have elements of a war crime in relation to any
11 particular person. He never insulted anybody. He
12 never hurt anybody. What's more, according to the
13 information from the indictment in accordance with Rule
14 18 of the Statute, Mr. Kvocka was not even present in a
15 situation without reacting, if there had been any
16 incidents. So in such a situation, there is no fear
17 that Mr. Kvocka could influence anybody, anybody,
18 regarding their testimony or the execution or the
19 carrying out of justice.
20 Mr. Kvocka is a police officer, a person who,
21 in his class, was among the top ten students, a person
22 who, as an exceptional police officer, was chosen to
23 provide security to the Yugoslav embassy in France by
24 the former Yugoslav. He worked there for two years,
25 and he showed some exceptional work then. He performed
Page 289
1 the same job -- he was supposed to perform the same job
2 in Rio de Janeiro, but for family reasons, he was not
3 able to go.
4 So I appeal to the Trial Chamber, in making
5 its decision and in considering the objective criteria,
6 to take into account also the situation in Republika
7 Srpska, which is very difficult to explain and
8 difficult to understand, difficult to describe. It is
9 difficult to explain what happened in '92 and '91. We
10 will need time to understand that.
11 I must point out that the government of
12 Republika Srpska has issued guarantees, and in issuing
13 these guarantees the government of Republika Srpska set
14 out from -- it checked the past and the professional
15 career and the record of Mr. Kvocka. His two sisters
16 are married to Bosniaks; they still are to this day.
17 One of them is a victim of this civil war and is a
18 refugee now.
19 His wife's family have also become refugees,
20 so Mr. Kvocka really is in a specific situation. His
21 family in Banja Luka is under serious pressure. And in
22 the facts that you have probably become familiar with,
23 you are aware of the status of mixed marriages. And we
24 have a document of uncontested facts from the
25 Prosecutor, asking us to accept that mixed marriage was
Page 290
1 the biggest heresy at that time. And of course what
2 went on at that time will be something that we discuss
3 during the case itself. So I don't need to go into any
4 details about that now.
5 I would like to add that in the meantime
6 Mr. Kvocka's wife is ill. She has some form of
7 cancer. So now she's undergoing medical treatment.
8 She's quite afraid. And I believe that provisional
9 release of Mr. Kvocka would be -- constitute major
10 support to his wife, who has had to bear a heavy burden
11 during the civil war.
12 I know that this, in principle, is not a
13 reason which needs to be taken into consideration in
14 particular, but in view of the overall situation, I
15 hope that some special understanding will be shown for
16 that.
17 I have been working with Mr. Kvocka for the
18 past two years, as his Defence attorney. The Defence
19 is ready to accept other orders. It is also prepared
20 to submit bail for the provisional release. If the
21 Trial Chamber should request additional guarantees, we
22 are prepared to accept this, because we really believe
23 that Kvocka has an interest to appear before the Trial
24 Chamber in order to fight -- in order to prove his
25 innocence.
Page 291
1 He believes he is innocent, and the most
2 important thing to him is to prove that innocence. He
3 does not intend to run away. He said as much before
4 his arrest. And Mr. Kvocka also has no place to run.
5 His wife is unemployed. He's here. He has two
6 children.
7 It has been said that he is suspected of war
8 crimes, so Mr. Kvocka, even if he did have such an
9 intention, has absolutely no place to run. And he does
10 not have any intention of running.
11 Due to the above, I believe that a decision
12 on provisional release would be socially responsible,
13 from the aspect of opening up the process that I talked
14 about, the process of cooperation between the Tribunal
15 and institutions of Republika Srpska.
16 I would also like to inform you that at this
17 moment the activities are being undertaken to adopt
18 such a law. In the assembly, we would like to adopt a
19 law which would regulate relations between institutions
20 of Republika Srpska and the International Tribunal. If
21 we should succeed in adopting such a law, we would
22 create what we have said, and that is cooperation
23 between the Court and institutions -- government
24 institutions of Republika Srpska, as well as protected
25 citizens.
Page 292
1 So such a decision, a favourable decision,
2 would be a good contribution in order for this process
3 to receive the force that it should have.
4 We really need to have confidence and trust
5 in people. This is a Tribunal for war crimes, and the
6 persons before you have been accused for war crimes,
7 and there will be more such persons who are still to be
8 accused. We are aware of that. But simply this trust
9 and confidence has to be mutual. In talks which I had,
10 there is always the question of the first step.
11 JUDGE MAY: Mr. Simic, I don't want to
12 interrupt you, but I think you've had about 20
13 minutes. Anything else you want to add?
14 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] No, Your Honour.
15 I just wish to add that I expect, in view of the
16 complexity of the situation, I think that it would be
17 very useful for the first step to be made by the
18 Tribunal. And, believe me, the results of such a first
19 step would become evident very soon. Thank you.
20 JUDGE MAY: Mr. Keegan, we have your
21 response, which we have just received. Is there
22 anything you want to add to it?
23 MR. KEEGAN: Just briefly, in light of the
24 submissions this morning. I certainly won't repeat our
25 submission. Of course, the starting point here is that
Page 293
1 there is a confirmed indictment; that is, an accepted
2 prima facie case of serious violations of International
3 Humanitarian Law committed by this accused. And, of
4 course, the length of detention is not in and of itself
5 determinative of the issue. So we get to the standards
6 to be applied.
7 As indicated in the brief, while we would
8 certainly welcome a change in the law on cooperation
9 in Republika Srpska, the fact is that the law of that
10 entity still states that they will not turn over anyone
11 to this Tribunal. And the actions heretofore of that
12 entity should speak louder than the representations of
13 what hopefully may be a change in policy. And we would
14 welcome that.
15 But that being the case, if in fact it
16 appears that Republika Srpska would not turn over this
17 person, based on past behaviour, and the current state
18 of their law, it would leave it to the accused to
19 somehow deliver himself before this Tribunal, if he
20 were to be provisionally released.
21 And I note the statements of counsel, that
22 the accused could not turn himself in earlier on the
23 basis of the indictment, due to the potential pressure
24 on his family. We would suggest there is certainly
25 nothing to indicate that that pressure would be any
Page 294
1 different now, should he be released, and it perhaps
2 would be even greater, thereby preventing him from
3 returning on his own.
4 So it is in fact the circumstances that all
5 the evidence indicates, that neither the government nor
6 this accused would be willing to ensure his return
7 before this Tribunal, if he were to be released.
8 With respect to the threat of others, we have
9 certainly briefed that fully in our response. We
10 believe that nothing in the submissions indicate any
11 different, other than that the release of this
12 individual would raise the significant potential of
13 threat to witnesses and victims, either by the accused
14 himself, or by others who might be involved by his
15 release and, in an effort to prevent him from having to
16 return, attempt to influence or threaten witnesses.
17 Once those two issues are determined, and
18 they are the two most important issues, the question of
19 potential threat to others and, of course, the
20 indications of his willingness or ability to return for
21 a trial, there is also, of course, the impact that such
22 a provisional release would have on others, including
23 international institutions, the public in general, and
24 victims and witnesses in other cases. And we believe,
25 once those first two criteria are reviewed, this
Page 295
1 additional criteria is also important for
2 consideration.
3 The Prosecution position is that he should
4 not be granted provisional release. And unless I can
5 assist you with any further issues, Your Honour, those
6 would be my submissions.
7 JUDGE MAY: Thank you, Mr. Keegan. We'll
8 consider this matter in due course, and give our
9 judgement.
10 Mr. Simic, you've taken up a lot of time --
11 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] Your Honours, I
12 would just like to respond very briefly.
13 JUDGE MAY: Very, very briefly.
14 MR. SIMIC: [Interpretation] Just two
15 sentences, please. It is quite understandable that
16 detention can be ordered only in a prima facie case,
17 that is to say, the Rules certainly took that as a
18 point of departure, that is to say, to order detention
19 against persons whose indictments were confirmed. When
20 I talked about pressures with regard to Mr. Kvocka
21 turning himself in, I talked about '97 and the
22 beginning of '98. The circumstances have changed
23 considerably now, and I would like the Trial Chamber to
24 take that into account in view of what the Prosecutor
25 said.
Page 296
1 That's all I wish to add. Thank you.
2 JUDGE MAY: Thank you. As I say, we will
3 consider these matters and deliver our judgement in due
4 course.
5 Mr. Niemann, I am going to deal next with the
6 progress of the case. Clearly, some progress has been
7 made, but the fact remains that these accused have been
8 in detention for nearly two years, and that is a matter
9 of concern.
10 MR. NIEMANN: Yes, Your Honour.
11 JUDGE MAY: And one which must be addressed
12 in terms, if possible, of getting the trial on.
13 Now, the position of the Trial Chamber is
14 this: that we are engaged on a trial in another case,
15 which began in the spring of last year, and is likely
16 to go on for most of this year. That said, it is
17 necessary to consider starting other cases, and that we
18 propose to do. We are not in a position today to say
19 when this case will start, or in what order we will
20 start other cases, but what we want to be in a position
21 to do is, if necessary, to be in a position to start it
22 in as short a time as possible.
23 So, to start with, how much notice would you
24 require of a trial date? Normally, of course, at a
25 Status Conference you fix a trial date and it's way in
Page 297
1 advance, and everybody can work to it. But we are not
2 in that position at the moment because of the
3 uncertainty of our work. But it might assist to know
4 how quickly we could get this case on, if the need
5 arose.
6 MR. NIEMANN: Your Honour, the most
7 convenient period for us to get this particular trial
8 started would be a 30-day period. That would give us
9 time to inform our witnesses that we are about to start
10 and get the matter ready for trial within 30 days of
11 receiving notice.
12 If that's considered too long, Your Honour,
13 we could discuss the possibility of what endeavours we
14 could put in place to do it shorter than that. But if
15 that was a period considered acceptable to the
16 Tribunal, that is a period that would certainly be
17 convenient to us.
18 JUDGE MAY: Yes. Well, that seems a
19 reasonable period to ask for, considering the work that
20 has got to go into it in getting the matter ready.
21 On that topic, perhaps I should turn to the
22 Defence and ask you what time period. Could you work
23 to a 30-day notice of a trial?
24 MR. FILA: [Interpretation] Your Honours, on
25 behalf of all the Defence counsel, I wish to say that
Page 298
1 30 days is fine with us. We know that the Prosecutor
2 had problems with the witnesses and, after all, we are
3 talking about events from 1992, and now is the year
4 2000, so this is a reasonable deadline.
5 However, with your permission, Your Honour, I
6 would like to propose something at this point in time,
7 if Mr. Niemann and his co-workers agree, something that
8 would speed up the proceedings even more.
9 We agreed, as you know, that we start with
10 depositions, and in this way the Defence would have
11 very little evidence to be presented at the trial
12 itself, 5 or 10 witnesses per accused or per Defence
13 attorney, which really is not too much.
14 However, I wish to avail myself of this
15 opportunity, having consulted my colleagues, Krstan
16 Simic and Zarko Nikolic, to propose something to you
17 which would speed up the proceedings even more and,
18 perhaps, reduce the number of witnesses the Prosecutor
19 has to bring before this Honourable Trial Chamber. And
20 that is to say, to have the trial start by the accused,
21 Kvocka and Radic and Kos, start by making their own
22 statements. So we could start that way, and perhaps
23 then the Prosecutor would need less evidence than
24 otherwise.
25 I am familiar with the statement made by the
Page 299
1 Honourable Judge Rodrigues, and that is to say that a
2 lot of time was wasted in General Blaskic's trial, and
3 this became obvious only at the very end.
4 We don't want this Trial Chamber to be in the
5 same position; that is to say, that at the very end of
6 the trial, the Trial Chamber realises that a lot of
7 time has been wasted for something that is not
8 contested. So if the Trial Chamber agrees, and if the
9 Prosecutor agrees, we could start with the three I
10 mentioned.
11 Mr. Zigic's situation is different. If he
12 wishes to testify, he can testify, but he doesn't have
13 to. But this is different. And he really has nothing
14 to do with the organisation of the camp, as the others
15 would speak about.
16 Thank you. I have thus concluded my remarks.
17 JUDGE MAY: I would draw your attention,
18 Mr. Fila, to a fairly new Rule, 84 bis, which, in fact,
19 I think probably caters for what you have in mind. And
20 it doesn't require anybody to consent to it, but allows
21 the accused to make a statement at that stage.
22 You might want to have a look at it and avail
23 yourself of that Rule.
24 MR. FILA: [Interpretation] I had a look at
25 it, Your Honour, and that is why I made this proposal.
Page 300
1 This concerns an entire testimony, a complete
2 testimony, as we do at the very end. This new Rule is
3 not very clear, what it actually envisages. Is it only
4 one statement. I suggest that an entire testimony be
5 heard, not a mere statement; an entire testimony.
6 That's the difference.
7 And that is why I need your agreement, as
8 well as that of Mr. Niemann. Because if somebody gives
9 this kind of testimony, then there is no
10 cross-examination. And this implies
11 cross-examination.
12 So that could really expedite the
13 proceedings, and speed up the trial itself, whereas
14 their regular statements, their ordinary statements, so
15 to speak, you can see on the tapes, those that were
16 made by the policemen at the prison in Scheveningen.
17 So that's a one-sided thing. That's the difference.
18 Thank you for your remarks, but, yes, I did
19 bear this in mind.
20 JUDGE MAY: I think the problem about the
21 suggestion, and we'll certainly consider it and it may
22 be possible, but again, without looking into it, I
23 think that the Rules of Procedure lay down a time for
24 the taking of evidence, starting with the Prosecution
25 and then going on to the Defence. Now, it may be that
Page 301
1 we could work another solution, but I don't know.
2 Thank you for the suggestion. Let's not
3 debate it now. We will consider it as to what can be
4 done.
5 If I could turn to the Prosecution now. If
6 30 days were the time of notice of trial, what seems to
7 be outstanding before the case is ready is the question
8 of disclosure, and I'm just turning to you to see how
9 rapidly, Mr. Niemann, that could be accomplished.
10 MR. NIEMANN: Your Honours, I think the only
11 issue that's of concern to us about disclosure is the
12 matter that my colleague Mr. Keegan discussed
13 concerning the translation issue. As far as I'm aware,
14 Your Honour, there are some translation materials which
15 are still awaited. If we were confronted with a
16 proposal to have the matter set down for trial, we
17 would go to the appropriate translation people and see
18 whether or not it could be accomplished. If we had any
19 difficulty in doing that, we would come back to Your
20 Honours on that. At the moment, because there is no
21 date, as such, it's difficult for us to argue any
22 specific urgency in relation to the nature of the work
23 that's being undertaken.
24 JUDGE MAY: Very well. But provided we can
25 be assured that matters of disclosure are being
Page 302
1 pursued, as it were, apart from that is there any
2 reason why you shouldn't disclose everything else? You
3 may have done. I don't know.
4 MR. NIEMANN: Your Honour, there's absolutely
5 no reason why anything that we have in our possession
6 shouldn't be disclosed. The only matters that I
7 understand are delayed are those which await
8 translation. And I intended this as no criticism of
9 the translation unit, You Honour, and I must add that.
10 As I understand it, there's nothing other than that.
11 JUDGE MAY: There is a great deal of work for
12 them to do, as we know.
13 Can I then turn to the more general aspect of
14 the case, and that is the size of the case.
15 We note with concern that in March of last
16 year we were told that the Prosecution case would
17 involve about 60 witnesses, with a time estimate of
18 eight weeks. In June, that had grown to 80 witnesses,
19 and I don't think we were given a time estimate. But
20 working on the basis which I remember Mr. Niemann
21 mentioned on about the first day I ever sat in this
22 Tribunal, each witness seems to take about a day, each
23 Prosecution witness. Unhappily, events over the last
24 two years have confirmed that, in my experience, that
25 we're not moving much faster than that, although it may
Page 303
1 be possible in some cases to do so. But that being so,
2 we have to look at this case in comparison with other
3 cases.
4 This case is in a fairly short time frame and
5 in a fairly short compass as far as place is
6 concerned. It's one place, or there are several places
7 but one locality, and within a relatively short
8 two-to-three-months time frame. Now, compared with
9 other cases in this Tribunal, that is a relatively
10 short compass, and we have been discussing this matter
11 and have come to the conclusion that we must ask the
12 Prosecution, if not require them, to reduce the scope
13 of their case. Now, I recognise that that's not always
14 an easy task, but we have to look at the other cases
15 that we have to try, the fact that there are not only
16 these accused in the detention unit; there are others
17 who are facing trial by this Chamber. I've told you
18 the position as far as the Trial Chamber's work is
19 concerned.
20 Given all those considerations, we think that
21 this case should be completed, as far as the
22 Prosecution are concerned, in eight weeks, as
23 originally envisaged, with about 60 witnesses.
24 Now, to this end we propose to set another
25 conference which will be conducted by the Pre-Trial
Page 304
1 Judge, Judge Bennouna. We have looked at our calendar,
2 and the only time which we can identify is Tuesday, the
3 15th of February, between 4.30 and 6.00. I'm sorry it
4 has to be so late, but the fact is that we have another
5 case to try and that must go on that day. But if we
6 finish that, as we normally do, at 4.00, then a hearing
7 can take place, as far as this case is concerned, at
8 4.30.
9 It is proposed that the Judge, the Pre-Trial
10 Judge, will go through the statements which are being
11 disclosed by the Prosecution, with a view to reducing
12 the number of witnesses and reducing the scope of the
13 case. So the Prosecution should be prepared for that
14 exercise in three weeks.
15 Now, we will hear any submissions, of course,
16 about that.
17 MR. NIEMANN: Your Honours, naturally we
18 would like to reflect upon what Your Honour said before
19 we say or have any concluded view on this. At the
20 outset, I think it's important for us to emphasise that
21 we are anxious to ensure that the case is reduced to
22 the absolute minimum that we can achieve in any event.
23 Your Honours, we agree entirely that the time
24 frame of the crimes that are alleged and the
25 geographical focus is limited, but we would submit that
Page 305
1 the allegations contain a very significant number of
2 events which we would argue are part and parcel of the
3 presentation of this Prosecution, and with the
4 mechanisms that we have available to us, we can only
5 best achieve this by calling witnesses.
6 Initially, we had rather optimistically hoped
7 that we could avail ourselves more of the deposition
8 process. We appreciate and understand the position of
9 the Defence, and we realise that they have particular
10 interests in Your Honours observing Prosecution
11 witnesses and their demeanour first-hand, which limited
12 the number of witnesses we could call by this process.
13 We will do what we can to cooperate in every
14 way to achieve the objective that Your Honour set. The
15 only issue that I raise, though, Your Honours, is that
16 if Your Honours were to indicate an eight-week period,
17 if that was what was concluded as to be the maximum
18 reasonable time that can be available to us, we would
19 ask that we not be restricted by the number of
20 witnesses so much but by the time, because there are
21 means by which we can at least approach the Defence to
22 see whether some of the issues that can be resolved by
23 way of statements or whatever can be covered, thus
24 shortening the length of testimony of witnesses. So it
25 may be that we can get much more readily or rapidly to
Page 306
1 the kernel of the evidence, not necessarily by reducing
2 number of witnesses but by reducing the length of their
3 testimony in chief and in cross-examination.
4 But unless I can assist Your Honours with
5 other matters, that's our position at this stage, and
6 certainly we'll be in a position to address all these
7 matters on the 15th of February.
8 JUDGE BENNOUNA: [Interpretation] Thank you
9 very much, Mr. Niemann. I think that we need to
10 consider your proposal, and it can be of great help to
11 the Chamber, to try the case within a reasonable period
12 of time, to limit the length of statements, of
13 testimonies, keeping in mind that affidavits can
14 corroborate statements that have been given here or
15 testimonies that have been given here before the Trial
16 Chamber. Then we could limit the testimonies to what
17 is absolutely essential, and to new elements only, and
18 to what can confirm -- to confirm what has already been
19 said, then we can use affidavits and documents such as
20 these.
21 We keep in mind that you said that you want
22 to get in contact with the Defence in a spirit of
23 cooperation. That's the spirit of cooperation that has
24 been shown by Mr. Fila, when he said that he wants the
25 trial to be as fair and as speedy and efficient as
Page 307
1 possible. I think we can work in that spirit.
2 Now, I would like to invite you to think of
3 the proposal that was put forward by Mr. Fila earlier
4 on. You don't have to answer right away. He said that
5 maybe at the beginning of the trial, we could hear the
6 testimonies of Kvocka, Radic and Kos. If I understood
7 correctly, Mr. Fila wants to go beyond Rule 84 bis, and
8 we would like you to think about it. You don't have to
9 give us an answer straight away, but maybe we could
10 talk about it again during the hearing of the 15th of
11 February at 4.30 p.m.
12 As far as I'm concerned, I'm going to study
13 very carefully the summaries that you have handed
14 over. I'm going to study them. I think they are,
15 indeed, very useful because they are very detailed, and
16 I'm going to study them in order to see in what way we
17 can be as rational as possible as far as the witnesses
18 are concerned.
19 MR. NIEMANN: Thank you, Your Honours. Yes,
20 Your Honour, we will certainly consider very carefully
21 what Mr. Fila has suggested, and we will follow up with
22 him on any issues of clarification as to precisely what
23 he proposes. It's been my experience in other cases
24 that Mr. Fila has been very cooperative with this
25 Tribunal in endeavouring to reduce the length of the
Page 308
1 trials, and I feel some confidence that in discussions
2 that I may have with him, that we could have some
3 success in this regard.
4 JUDGE MAY: Could I perhaps add this: that,
5 of course, the shorter the trial is anticipated to be,
6 the easier it is for the Trial Chamber to accommodate
7 it within its calendar, if that is an incentive to
8 anybody.
9 MR. NIEMANN: It's certainly an incentive to
10 the Prosecution, Your Honour.
11 JUDGE MAY: Before we deal with questions of
12 review of detention under Rule 65 bis, which we are
13 required to do, are there any other matters which any
14 party wants to raise?
15 If there are no other matters, I will
16 formally ask if anybody, including the accused, wants
17 to raise any matters in relation to issues of
18 detention. Anybody want to say anything?
19 Yes, Mr. Zigic.
20 THE ACCUSED ZIGIC: [Interpretation] Thank
21 you, Your Honours.
22 Regarding detention, I don't have anything to
23 say, even though I do have some slight difficulties
24 there. But I would like to talk about some materials
25 that I have in possession in my room.
Page 309
1 On several occasions, we received from the
2 Prosecution translations of witnesses -- I'm sorry, I
3 apologise. Your Honour, I would like to -- you
4 mentioned numbers of 60 to 80 witnesses. In my room,
5 the information says 186. Out of those 186, I only
6 have 90. So the Prosecution has not given me 88
7 translations of statements, and here we are discussing
8 the start of trial. And it's a very big job for me to
9 look at completely new witness statements, 88 of them,
10 and I have still not received that. So I would need a
11 lot of time to read that, because I would like to
12 participate in my own case as much as possible.
13 Further, I would like to ask the Trial
14 Chamber if this is possible. It doesn't have to be an
15 order or a written instruction to the Prosecution, but
16 I am confused about materials that relate to witness
17 statements. The statements I have, the majority of
18 them are marked in three different ways, so a witness
19 is referred to as Witness 10, but then in other
20 material he's referred to as Number 20, and then in
21 something else again he's referred to as Number 50. So
22 I am completely confused, and I am sure that the
23 Prosecution must be confused too, because they have the
24 same witness. There is a lot of confusion here. We
25 really cannot find our way through all of that. And
Page 310
1 this is not only our problem, the problem of Defence,
2 but I believe of the Prosecution too.
3 So is it possible for the Prosecution to
4 introduce some kind of order, so if there are 186
5 witnesses, as we have been informed, to mark them from
6 1 to 186 so that we have a definite indication, so that
7 if Witness 57 appears tomorrow, we know that this is
8 Witness 57 and that this witness will not be referred
9 to by some other number?
10 Thank you, Your Honour. That is all I have
11 to say.
12 JUDGE MAY: Thank you, Mr. Zigic. Well, that
13 seems to me to be a matter which can be sorted out
14 between the Prosecution providing a witness list and
15 also the Defence, so that the accused is not confused
16 as to which witness is which. Perhaps, Mr. Keegan, you
17 could have a look at that.
18 MR. KEEGAN: Yes, Your Honour.
19 JUDGE MAY: Thank you.
20 Very well. We'll adjourn this matter. There
21 is a meeting as to depositions, and Judge Bennouna will
22 sit on the 15th of February for the next hearing.
23 --- Whereupon the Status Conference
24 adjourned at 11.52 a.m., sine die.
25